题目内容

12．Driving in traffic can be extremely stressful．Pedestrians appear out of nowhere，cars suddenly pull out of parking spots，and roads become slippery due to rain or snow．Knowing when to brake and when to accelerate in such situations is hard enough for a human driver，let alone a robotic one．But several carmakers-and a few tech companies-are working to convince drivers to let driverless cars take the wheel．
       Without question，the most anticipated benefit of driverless cars is improved safety．Driverless systems will feature sensors that detect safety threats that human drivers might miss．Many carmakers already offer systems that alert drivers whenever they get dangerously close to other cars．
Also，driverless systems have the benefit of increased efficiency．Driverless cars won't waste as much gas as human drivers do，and guided by advanced GPS，they'll always take the fastest route．Once driverless cars become widely available，common people can have their own driver，and they'll just sit back and relax while their car's computer takes the wheel!
Although completely driverless cars won't be on the market for several years，the technology behind them is already appearing in phases．Two examples are the Active Lane Keeping Assist option for Mercedes-Benz cars and Ford's Traffic Jam Assist．In the first option，the system warns the driver whenever the car crosses lane markings by causing the steering wheel to vibrate（振动）．In the second option，the system helps the car keep pace with other cars while remaining in its current lane．The system is being developed to help relieve blocking on busy roads．
       Several carmakers claim that they'll produce driverless cars within the next decade．But critics aren't so sure，warning that a completely driverless car must be able to make split-second decisions in even the most complex traffic situations．In addition，the car's computer must become smart enough to know when to ask the driver to intervene （介入，干涉） to prevent an accident．
       Full government approval won't happen until driverless cars are proven safe．In the meantime，expect to see carmakers offer ever-smarter features on their new models．
 （Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS）
78．One of the factors that make traffic extremely stressful is thepedestrians appearing out of nowhere/cars pulling out of parking spots/slippery roads due to rain or snow
79．What are the benefits of driverless system？Improved safety and increased efficiency
80．What will happen to a car with the Active Lane Keeping Assist when it crosses lane markings？The steering wheel will vibrate．
81．Driverless cars won't be on the market until they canmake split-second decisions and know when to ask the driver to intervene．

分析 本文主要讲述由于现在的交通压力比较大，汽车制造商计划生产无人驾驶汽车．

解答 78．pedestrians appearing out of nowhere/cars pulling out of parking spots/slippery roads due to rain or snow
79．Improved safety and increased efficiency
80．The steering wheel will vibrate．
81．make split-second decisions and know when to ask the driver to intervene
78  细节题． 根据文章第一 段Driving in traffic can be extremely stressful．Pedestrians appear out of nowhere，cars suddenly pull out of parking spots，and roads become slippery due to rain or snow． 可知影响交通压力的因素有行人到处都是，汽车突然从停车场出来，由于雨雪路变滑，故答案为．pedestrians appearing out of nowhere/cars pulling out of parking spots/slippery roads due to rain or snow
79   细节题． 根据文章第二 段the most anticipated benefit of driverless cars is improved safety．the most anticipated benefit of driverless cars is improved safety．和第三段Also，driverless systems have the benefit of increased efficiency． 可知无人驾驶汽车的好处有两个，一是安全程度的提高，二是效率的提升，故答案为Improved safety and increased efficiency
80   细节题． 根据文章第 四段In the first option，the system warns the driver whenever the car crosses lane markings by causing the steering wheel to vibrate（振动） 可知当汽车经过车道标记的时候方向盘会震动，故答案为The steering wheel will vibrate．
81   细节题． 根据文章倒数第二 段a completely driverless car must be able to make split-second decisions in even the most complex traffic situations．In addition，the car's computer must become smart enough to know when to ask the driver to intervene （介入，干涉） to prevent an accident．可知make split-second decisions and know when to ask the driver to intervene

点评 做阅读理解时要快速的浏览全文，把握文章主旨大意，带着问题回到原文，寻找细节或概括相应的答案，最后要理清作者写作思路．

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2．Do you sometimes put off doing your homework on a school night to watch TV？A new study says that middle school students who watch TV or play video games during the weekdays do worse in school．
The study also says that watching TV and playing video games on weekends don't affect school performance that much．
"On weekdays，the more they watched，the worse they did，"said Dr．Iman Sharif of Children's Hospital at Montefiore in New York．"They could watch a lot on weekends and it didn't seem to connect with doing worse in school．"
The study appears in October issue of Pediatrics．Researchers drew their conclusions after surveying 4，500students in New Hampshire and Vermont middle schools．
To reach their findings，researchers didn't look at grades or test scores．Instead，they asked students to rate（评价） their own performance on a scale ranging from"excellent"to"below average"．
Other studies have found a connection between kids'ability to learn and the amount of TV they watch．One study even found that kids with televisions in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than kids without．
What should a kid do？The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that kids watch TV no more than two hours and that televisions be kept out of children's rooms．Weekends viewing should be kept to four hours at most each day．

68．The passage mainly talks about the relationships betweenB．
A．TV watching and students'character training
B．TV watching and students'school performance
C．students'communicating skills and TV watching
D．kids'mental development and TV watching
69．What can be concluded from the passage？B
A．Kids can watch TV as long as they wish on the weekends．
B．Kids can watch TV longer on the weekends than on weekdays．
C．Kids should not be allowed to watch TV on the weekends．
D．Kids can watch TV during the weekdays in their rooms for a long time．
70．The purpose of keeping televisions out of children's room is toC．
A．protect the TV sets from being broken by kids
B．prevent the kids from playing video games on TV
C．limit the time of TV the kids watch
D．provide the kids with the quietness they need to study
71．Who is likely to have excellent school performance according to the passage？D
A．A student putting off doing homework on a school night to watch TV．
B．A student who watches TV 4hours a day．
C．A kid who has TV set in his own room．
D．None of the above．
3．Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners．
One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week．The runners were observed on a treadmill machine（跑步机）．Sometimes they wore running shoes．Other times they ran barefoot．
Researchers found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees，hips and ankle joints than running barefoot．They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels．
The other study compared runners in the United States and Kenya．The researchers divided the runners into three groups．One group had always run shoeless．Another group had always run with shoes．And the third group had changed to shoeless running．
Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first．That puts great force on the back of the foot．But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot．That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heels．
Daniel Lieberman says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heels．The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe，so it would seem more likely to come down first．Also，the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings．
But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot．They say it takes some training．And there can be risks，like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured．

24．What's the main idea of the passage？D
A．Running in shoes is partly good to runners．
B．Two new discoveries encourage people to run in high heels．
C．Walking in high heels could cause less serious effects than running barefoot．
D．Two new studies prove running without shoes is beneficial to runners in most cases．
25．From the fifth paragraph we can infer thatB．
A．running barefoot is faster than running in shoes．
B．the landing point is very important in running．
C．running shoeless can give people a real exercise．
D．different running ways cause different injuries．
26．Why do people who run in shoes land on their heels？B
A．Because the shoes put great force on the back of the foot．
B．Because the design of running shoes is unreasonable．
C．Because people who often run get used to landing on their heels．
D．Because the running people want to run faster．
27．What's the writer's attitude towards the use of the modern running shoes？C
A．Positive． 
B．Persuasive． 
C．Objective． 
D．Supportive．
20．Environment Awareness Week
Regal Convention Centre，Halls 1-4
24-30March 2015 10：00am-9：00pm
Free admission for all!
Save the environment，Save our future
Our environment needs help with the participation of more than 50organizations．Environment Awareness Week is the biggest public education event dedicated to environmental protection and conservation．Don't miss it!Come and know more about：
The Threats to Earth（Hall 1）-What is global warming？How serious is pollution？Learn about different environmental problems  from  our university students．Protect our    environment!
The Search for Renewable Energy（Hall 2）-can we get electricity from wind，solar energy waves，rivers and underground heat？Get the answers from Solar Ace，Teflon，Touch Wind Resources and other participants．
The Quest for Freshwater（Hall 3）-Is the shortage of freshwater worsening？What are    Singapore's solutions for treating waste water？Hear from．Flow Technologies，Hydro Max    Solutians and other participants．
The 3Rs to Save Earth（Hall 4）-How can we REDUCE，REUSE and RECYCLE to cut    down household wastes？Find out from the Global Gaia Network，Green Earth Foundation and other participants．

21．The organizer of the event isD．
A．Global Gaia Network      
B．Clean Energy Agency
C．Green Earth Foundation    
D．International Environment Fund
22．What's the purpose of"Environment Awareness Week"？D
A．To support environment protection．
B．To advertise for environmental friendly products．
C．To make money by attracting visitors．
D．To educate people about environment protection．
23．The"3RS"stand forC．
A．Read，Realize and Remember    
B．Global Gala Network
C．Reduce，Reuse and Recycle    
D．Green Earth Foundation．
7．There are lots of attractions in St．Petersburg．If you're short of time to visit all of them，or if you just want to make sure to hit the highlights（最精彩的部分），the following are the top must-see sights in St．Petersburg．
1．The Hermitage Museum
The Hermitage Museum is one of the most important sights to see for any visitor to St．Petersburg．There you can see lots of different paintings painted by the old masters．Prepare to come face to face with many of the western classical artists．
2．Kizhi Island
Kizhi Island is an open-air museum of wooden buildings from the Karelia region of Russia．These impressive structures are made without any nails（钉子）．Can you imagine how the wood fits together？Come and see for yourself!
3．Peterhof
Peterhof is as beautiful as it is fun．You'll be charged for admission（门票），but if you go to Peterhof when the fountains（喷泉）are working-during the day in summer-the admission will be worth it．
4．Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood
Love it or hate it，Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood in St．Petersburg is a real must-see sight．This beautiful building will truly surprise you，and the paintings inside the church will make you say"Wow!"
5．The Bronze Horseman Statue
    The so-called Bronze Horseman is a part of Russian culture and is a symbol of St．Petersburg．Made famous by Alexander Pushkin，this statue of Peter the Great sitting on his horse truly shows Peter the Great's influence on the Russian idea of greatness．

28．If you are interested in paintings，you'd better go toD．
A．The Hermitage Museum and Kizhi Island
B．The Bronze Horseman Statue and Kizhi Island
C．Kizhi Island and Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood
D．The Hermitage Museum and Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood
29．What can we learn about Kizhi Island？C
A．Kizhi Island is an indoor museum of wooden buildings．
B．Visitors are not allowed to find nails in the structures there．
C．The wooden buildings there are connected without any nails．
D．No one knows how to fit the wooden structures together．
30．We can learn from the text thatD．
A．visitors can visit Peterhof free of charge
B．The Hermitage Museum has lots of modern western arts
C．the fountains in Peterhof can be seen by visitors all year round
D．The Bronze Horseman Statue is a symbol of St．Petersburg
31．The author wrote the text toA．
A．attract tourists to visit St．Petersburg
B．show the wonderful history of Russia
C．persuade artists to go to St．Petersburg
D．introduce the famous buildings of Russia．
17．A new study showed that one of the best ways to control greenhouse gas emissions（温室气体排放） is to eat less meat．In fact，the study showed that meat consumption（食用量） in developed countries should be cut by 50% per person before 2050．
Meat production and consumption are expected to rise very quickly to a high level by 2050．That's because the global population is expected to grow from the present 7billion to 9billion．But also，the diets of people in many developing countries are changing．Countries that are developing rapidly are seeing a fast rise in protein consumption，especially red meat．
Dr．Eric Davidson，the president and senior scientist at the Woods Hole Research Center in Massachusetts，said changing the way people eat can have a great effect on greenhouse gas emissions．People in developed countries，he said，already eat much more protein than the daily requirement．
"In the developed world，there is large room for us to manage the frequency with which we eat meat．If there is a growing need for meat，that is going to end up requiring use of more nitrogen fertilizer（肥料） and production of more livestock manure（家畜粪肥），both of which end up resulting in release of various forms of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere，"he said．
Davidson said farmers should be encouraged to use fertilizers and manure in a more careful way．"If we want to meet the greatest goal of making harmful climate change under control，we need to improve the efficiency（效能） with which we use fertilizers in agriculture．We need to improve the efficiency of the management of manure．And we also need to consider changes in dietary patterns（饮食方式）．And that means hopefully better diets in the developing world and better balanced diets in the developed world，"he said．
Even if it were possible to turn off all harmful greenhouse gas emissions today，he said climate change would continue．"But that does not mean that we can do nothing for  it  now，because the sooner we start to take action，the more choices our children and grandchildren will have in terms of being able to feed themselves and have comfortable lifestyles without environmental degradation（退化），"he said．

28．According to the new study，eating less meat isD．
A．one of the best ways to keep healthy
B．an effective way to develop the economy
C．the best way to control greenhouse gas emissions
D．a good way to protect the environment
29．In paragraph 4，what does Dr．Eric Davidson mainly talked about？C
A．The harms of releasing various greenhouse gases
B．The side effects of producing fertilizers and manure
C．The effects of growing need for meat on the environment
D．The ways of managing the frequency of eating meat
30．The underlined word"it"in the last paragraph refers toB．
A．the environment
B．climate change
C．greenhouse gases
D．the lifestyle
31．In Dr．Eric Davidson's opinion，C．
A．it's important to encourage farmers to use fertilizers
B．our future generations will live more comfortably
C．a balanced diet is helpful in controlling climate change
D．it's completely possible to control greenhouse gas emissions．
4．Almost 80% of the Americans have stated their opposition to cloning pet animals such as cats and dogs，yet companies still try to make a business out of selling cloned pets．Pet cloning has been promoted as a way to"bring back"or"copy"a beloved companion animal．However，studies have shown that cloning remains an experimental technology with many failures．
Behind each lovely picture of a cloned cat or dog lie hundreds of animals that were kept in lab cages，receiving bad treatment to produce just that one cloned animal．For all that，you end up with a cloned animal who is unlikely to appear like the original physically or behaviorally and may experience serious health problems．Also，while pet cloning companies are charging customers up to﹩150，000 for a cloned pet，millions of homeless animals of the same species are available in US animal shelters for around﹩100．Unfortunately，most of these animals are killed for lack of adopting homes．
With No Pet Cloning campaign，the American Anti-Vivisection Society （AAVS） tries to protect both animals and people from harm．They campaigned until the US companies that sold cloned animals closed their doors．First it was Genetic Savings & Clone Inc．and then it was BioArts International．
When BioArts was closed，its owner，Lou Hawthorne，finally had to acknowledge the problems of pet cloning．According to Hawthorne，he has seen numerous failures during his pet cloning attempts，"One clone----which was supposed to be black and white----was born greenish-yellow where it should have been white （we still have no good explanation for how that happened）．"
The AAVS is educating the public about the animal suffering and is seeking regulation of cloning activities．They will continue to take the lead in protecting animals from the threats of pet cloning．

61．From the passage，we know thatC．
A．pets are often deserted by their owners
B．more and more people have joined the AAVS
C．most American are against cloning pet animals
D．the American Anti-Vivisection Society is supported by the government
62．According to the passage，companies keep on selling cloned pets toB．
A．carry on scientific studies
B．get economic interests
C．protect pet animals
D．comfort animal lovers
63．What does the author try to do by writing the second paragraph？A
A．To tell the truth behind pet cloning．
B．To show the method of pet cloning．
C．To compare pet animals with homeless ones．
D．To save the animals kept in labs and shelters．
64．The underlined word"acknowledge"probably meansC．
A．accept  B．study  C．admit  D．manage
65．According to the passage，the AAVS devotes itself toD．
A．getting most countries to fight against pet cloning
B．improving the technology of pet cloning
C．saving lots of animals from bad situations
D．stopping US companies'selling cloned animals．
1．Downloading music over the Internet is pretty common among high school and college students．However，when students download and share copyrighted music without permission，they are against the law．
A survey of young people's music ownership has found that teenagers and college students have an average of more than 800illegally copied songs each on their digital music players．Half of those surveyed share all the music on their hard drive （硬盘），enabling others to copy hundreds of songs at any one time．Some students were found to have randomly linked their personal blogs to music sites，so as to allow free trial listening of copyrighted songs for blog visitors，or adopted some of the songs as the background music for their blogs．Such practices may be easy and free，but there are consequences．
Sandra Dowd，a student of Central Michigan University，was fined US7，500fordownloading501filesfromLimeWire，apeer-to-peerfilesharingprogram．Sandraclaimedthatshewasunawarethatherdownloadswereillegaluntilshewascontactedbyauthorities．Similarly，MikeLewinskipaidUS4，000to settle a lawsuit（起诉）against him for copyright violation （违反）．Mike expressed shock and couldn't believe that this was happening to him．"I just wanted to save some money and I always thought the threat was just a scare tactic（战术）．""You know，everyone does it，"added Mike．
The RIAA （Recording Industry Association of America），the organization that files lawsuits against illegal downloaders，states that suing （控告） students was by no means their first choice．Unfortunately，without the threat of consequences，students are just not changing their behavior．Education alone is not enough to stop the extraordinary growth of the illegal downloading practice．

69．What does Mike mean by saying that"the threat was just a scare tactic"？D
A．One should not be afraid of threats．
B．A lawsuit will result from the threat．
C．It is unfair to scare people with a threat．
D．No serious consequence will follow the threat．
70．What is RIAA's attitude towards students'illegal downloading behavior？D
A．They believe that education will help greatly in protecting copyrights．
B．They profit from the fines illegal downloaders pay for copyright violations．
C．They like to sue students for downloading music illegally from the Internet．
D．They think that illegal downloading behavior needs tough measures to correct．
71．What's the best title for this passage？A
A．Copyright Violators，Beware!
B．How to Get Free Music Online!
C．A Survey of Students'Downloading Habits
D．Get rid of Illegal Music Download？Impossible!
2．Tykoon is an online website that allows you to teach your child financial principles through allowances，assignment of tasks and daily chores．As the parent，you can assign a cash value to the things you want your child to do．Then，your child can go in，accept the task and add to their wish list of what they would like to purchase with the money that they earn．
Let's start with the parent side of things．The parent must be the one to set up the account．You simply enter your information and your child's information to get started．You are then able to assign allowance amounts to your child．
Then you can add tasks for your child to accept and link them to either their weekly allowance or a pre-determined amount．Your child is then able to accept or decline their tasks．They can see how much each task earns，how often they need to do it and what they will get if they do!They can add items that they are working toward earning and can even earn nn-cash incentives such as extra TV time or staying up late!
Tykoon is a great way to start teaching your child about responsibility and financial principles in fun and safe way．Through the creation of their own profile and the ability to accept or decline tasks，they are taught the skills that they will need later in life when they are managing their own budgets!So，head over and sign up for a free account today and watch your child get excited about doing their chores!
And right now，as a special reward，if you share Tykoon with your friends and have five friends sign up and stay active for more than a month，you'll earn a＄25 Amazon．com gift card!So get your child enrolled（注册），tell your friends and let's start teaching all our kids about the important financial principles today!
66．The purpose of the text is toA．
A．make an advertisement           
B．share teaching experience
C．describe an online website          
D．present a way of making money
67．The underlined word"incentives"in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to"B"．
A．promises     B．rewards      C．gifts        D．tasks
68．What can kids learn from Tykoon？A
A．The ability to manage their budgets
B．The responsibility to do daily chores．
C．The skills to earn their own living
D．The tricks to accept or refuse tasks．
69．It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatC．
A．no parents will resist the special reward       
B．Amazon is a very popular website
C．Tykoon wants to attract more visitors       
D．friends should share information
70．What is the best title of the text？D
A．Tykoon-A Safe Way to Manage Your Financial Issues
B．How to Create Funny Tasks for Your Kids on the Website
C．Opening an Online Account with the Help of Tykoon
D．Teaching Your Kids Financial Principles with Tykoon．

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