Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over200 years ago. He studied the ob?servations of comets(彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scien?tists who dealt with such problems.

   However,Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem,but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse(椭圓形) .

Now Halley set to work. He figured out(解决,计算出) the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531 , 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.

   This seemed very strange to Halley. Three different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it,the more he thought that there had not been three different comets as people thought.    He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.

   It was an astonishing idea!Halley felt certain to make a prediction(预言) of what would happen in the future. He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley,s prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it,for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet had been called Halley's comet, in his honor.

(   ) 5. Edmund Halley figured out the orbit of .

   A.some different comets appearing several times

   B.the same comet appearing at different times

   C.three different comets appearing at the same time

   D.several comets appearing at the same time 

(   ) 6. Halley made his discovery        .

   A.by doing experiments

   B.by means of his own careful observation

   C.by using the working of other scientists

   D.by chance

(   ) 7. Halley made a surprising, but correct prediction in the year        .

   A. 1704   B. 1705   C. 1706   D. 1707

(   ) 8. This passage in general is about        .

   A.Halley and other scientists

   B.the orbit of a comet

   C.Newton and Halley

   D.Halley and his discovery

  Extreme sports and the movie Lord of the Rings are the two things that come to mind when one talks abutNew Zealandtoday. But for wine lovers across the world, New Zealand has a completely different meaning.

   It's a long narrow country,but its vineyards(葡萄园) are mostly around three regions,Gis- borne,Hawkes Bay and Marlborough.

   It was not until the 1980s that New Zealand wines drew the attention of the world with what is now a fashionable classic wine: Cloudy Bay. It was snapped up as it appeared on wine menus in Hong Kong restaurants during the early 1990s. This success was followed by the growing popularity of a wide range of wines from other New Zealand estates(庄园) such as Esk Vally, Villa Maria and Grove Mill. Since then,several other wine growing regions in other countries have tried to copy theNew Zealandstyle without much success.

   The New Zealanders were good at white wines right from their early days,but their red wines, too,were catching the fancy of the drinking public. One example of just how fast and sure that happened is Goldwater Estate in Waiheke Island. The little island, which is just a 35-minute ferry ride from Auckland, had only 13 wineries ten years ago. Kim and Jeanette Gold-water set it up as the Goldwater holiday home,with wine making as a hobby, in 1982. But de?mand soon made them turn that hobby into a business.

   Encouraged by family and friends,they decided to take their wine production a step further and entered the commercial market. In 1991 ,they took their wines to the International Wine Competition in New York and won a Gold Medal.

(   ) 5. What does the author mean by saying "But for wine lovers across the world,New Zealand has a completely different meaning" in Paragraph 1?

   A.New Zealand today is different from what it was in the past in wine making.

   B.New Zealand is famous for good wines to wine lovers in the world.

   C.Wine lovers have different opinions onNew Zealand's sports and films.

   D.New Zealand is well known for its sports and movies.

(   ) 6. Goldwater Estate in Waiheke Island is given as an example to show that         .

   A.Goldwater Estate is not very far from Auckland

   B.Goldwater won great success as a holiday home to New Zealanders

   C.the red wines of the New Zealanders are on their way to success

   D.encouragement from family and friends can lead to gold medals

(   ) 7. The underlined phrase "snapped up" in Paragraph 3 most probably means "        ”.

   A. refused      B. removed

   C.  wiped out   D. sold out

(   ) 8. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

   A.Vineyards can be seen everywhere across the long narrow country.

   B.New Zealand wines first won their place in the world with Cloudy Bay.

   C.Kim and Jeanette Goldwater took wine making as a hobby at first.

   D.Wine production from Goldwater was popular with the drinking public.

   Grandma Moses is among the most famous twentieth- century painters of the United States, yet she did not start painting until she was in her late seventies. As she once said of herself; "I would never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me.  No one could have had a more productive old age.  

   She,Anna Mary Robertson,was born on a farm in New York State,one of five boys and five girls. At twelve she left home and was in domestic service until, at twenty-seven, she mar?ried Thomas Moses, the hired hand of one of her employers. They farmed most of their lives, first in Virginia and then in New York State,at Eagle Bridge. She had ten children, of whom five survived;her husband died in 1927. Grandma    Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery(刺綉) pictures as a hobby, but only changed to oils in old age because her hands had become too stiff to sew and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time. Her pictures were first sold at the local drugstore(杂货店) and at a market and were soon noticed by a businessman who bought everything she painted. Three of the pictures exhibited in the Museum of       Modern Art,and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York. Between the 1930*s and her death she produced some 2,000 pictures:detailed and lively portrayals(描绘) of the country life she had known for so long,with a wonderful sense of color and form. "I think really hard till I think of something really pretty, and then I paint it”,she said.

(   ) 4. According to the passage, Grandma Moses began to paint because she wanted to

   A. make herself beautiful   B. keep active

   C.  earn more money   D. become famous 

(   ) 5. Grandma Moses spent most of her life         .

   A. nursing   B. painting   C. embroidering   D. farming 

(   ) 6. The underlined word "survived" means         .

   A.graduated from college

   B.examined the condition of the house

   C.lived longer than the other children

   D.  gave up themselves to the police 

(   ) 7. From Grandma Moses' description of herself in the first paragraph, it can be inferred that she was         .

   A. independent   B. pretty   C. rich   D. nervous

(   ) 8. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

   A.Grandma Moses:Her Life and Pictures

   B.The Children of Grandma Moses

   C.Grandma Moses:Her Best Exhibition

   D.Grandma Moses and Other Older Artists

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