Question

【题目】At first, the earth's surface layer (层）was made up of huge blocks of hard, solid rocks. Then slowly, the rocks broke up into smaller and smaller pieces. Finally stones, pebbles(砾石）and grains of sand were formed. Many sorts of plants and animals lived and died on the surface of the earth. Their remains mixed up with the stones, pebbles and formed soil. The outmost layer of the earth is soil.

There are many ways in which large pieces of rock break up into smaller ones. Wind, water, heat and cold help to break up rocks. When winds blow grains of sand against a large rock for a long time, the softer layers of the rock are slowly worn away. These leave holes and cracks (裂缝）in the rock, which become bigger and finally the rock breaks up into smaller pieces.

The moving water of streams and rivers also helps to break up rocks. As the water moves along, it carries with small pieces of rock. These rub the larger ones. Thus, the larger rocks are worn down to smaller pieces.

The heat of the sun is also helpful in breaking up rocks. When the sun shines, the rocks become very hot. If these rocks are suddenly cooled, they may crack. Ice also plays a part in making soil. Water in the cracks can turn into ice in cold weather. As this happens, it becomes bigger and the cracks become wider, and finally break up into smaller pieces.

【1】 According to the passage, soil __________.

A. forms very slowly

B. is a mixture only of stones, pebbles and sand

C. makes up the layers of the earth

D. is becoming smaller and smaller

【2】 Which of the following speeds up the breaks of rocks most?

A. Hot weather.

B. Cold water.

C. Sharp changes in temperature.

D. More dead plants in the cracks.

【3】 Which of the following is NOT true?

A. The remains of many plants and animals can form soil.

B. If a large rock never moves, it will never break up.

C. Even if a large rock never moves, it will break up.

D. Ice in the cracks helps to break up rocks.

【4】 The best title for this passage should be __________

A. Soil from rock

B. Ways to break up rocks

C. Soil on the earth

D. Soil, outmost layer of the earth

Answer 1

【答案】【1】 A

【2】 C

【3】 B

【4】 A

【解析】【1】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的描述，尤其是“Then slowly. . . ”可知土壤的形成是一个非常缓慢的过程。

【2】 推理判断题。结合最后一段中的内容可推测温度的急剧变化会加速岩石的碎裂。

【3】 推理判断题。根据第二段前两句中的内容可知巨大的岩石碎裂成小块岩石的方式很多，风、水、热、冷等都是其中的因素，由此可推断B项内容错误，故选B项。

【4】 标题归纳题. 第一段概述了文章的大意，根据本段最后两句可知本文叙述的是岩石形成土壤的过程，下文分述的是岩石的碎裂方式；B项不具有概括性，故排除。