As more people use smart phones to pay bills and store personal information, strict password security has become more important than ever. A new study shows that free-form gestures–sweeping fingers in shapes across the screen of a smart phone—can be used to unlock phones. These gestures are less likely to be observed and reproduced by others than traditional typed passwords.

“All that it takes to steal a password is a quick eye,” said one of the researchers of the study. “With all the personal information we have on our phones today, improving their security is becoming increasingly necessary.” In developing a secure solution to this problem, the researchers studied the practicality of using free-form gestures. With the ability to create any shape in any size and location on the screen, the gestures were popular as passwords. Since users create them without following a template, the researchers predicted these gestures would allow for greater complexity.

The researchers carried out a create-test-retest experiment where 63 people were asked to create a gesture, recall it, and recall it again 10 days later. The gestures were captured on a recognizer system designed by the team. Using this data, they tested the complexity and accuracy of each gesture using information theory. The result of their analysis is that people are favorable to use free-form gestures as passwords.

To put their analysis into practice, the researchers then had seven students in computer science and engineering, each with considerable experience with touchscreens(触摸屏), attempt to steal a free-form gesture password by observing a phone user secretly. None of them were able to copy the gestures with enough accuracy. The gestures appear to be extremely powerful against attacks.

Though the testing is in its early stage and widespread adaptation of this technology is not yet clear, the research team plans to continue to analyze the security and management of free–form passwords in the future. They believe this is the first study to explore free-form gestures as passwords. They will soon publish their findings.

1.What can we learn about free-form gestures?

A. They are improving mobile security in a way.

B. Users will have to make use of simple gestures.

C. They will never be copied by others.

D. Users must move their fingers in fixed shapes.

2.The experiment in paragraph 4 is to test _________ of free - form gestures.

A. templateB. applicationC. accuracyD. security

3.According to the text, the researchers think that ________.

A. it is easy to steal any password with a quick eye

B. better ways of setting passwords should be developed

C. people had better not use smart phones to pay bills

D. personal information should not be stored in a phone

4.The main purpose of the text is to ________.

A. advise people to use free-form gestures

B. discuss whether smart phones are safe

C. talk about the practicality of passwords

D. introduce the study of a new password

Age has its privileges in America, and one of the more prominent of them is the senior citizen discount. Anyone who has reached a certain age — in some cases as low as 55 — is automatically entitled to dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. Eligibility is determined not by one’s need but by the date on one’s birth certificate. Practically unheard of a generation ago, the discounts have become a routine part of many businesses — as common as color televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on airliners.

People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them; yet, millions of Americans above age 60 are healthy and solvent(有支付能力的). Businesses that would never dare offer discounts to college students or anyone under 30 freely offer them to older Americans. The practice is acceptable because of the widespread belief that “elderly” and “needy” are synonymous (同义的). Perhaps that once was true, but today elderly Americans as a group have a lower poverty rate than the rest of the population. To be sure, there is economic diversity within the elderly, and many older Americans are poor. But most of them aren’t.

It is impossible to determine the impact of the discounts on individual companies. For many firms, they are a stimulus to revenue. But in other cases the discounts are given at the expense, directly or indirectly, of younger Americans. Moreover, they are a direct irritant in what some politicians and scholars see as a coming conflict between the generations.

Generational tensions are being fueled by continuing debate over Social Security benefits, which mostly involve a transfer of resources from the young to the old. Employment is another sore point. Buoyed (支持) by laws and court decisions, more and more older Americans are declining the retirement dinner in favor of staying on the job — thereby lessening employment and promotion opportunities for younger workers.

Far from a kind of charity they once were, senior citizen discounts have become a formidable economic privilege to a group with millions of members who don’t need them.

It no longer makes sense to treat the elderly as a single group whose economic needs deserve priority over those of others. Senior citizen discounts only enhance the myth that older people can’t take care of themselves and need special treatment; and they threaten the creation of a new myth, that the elderly are ungrateful and taking for themselves at the expense of children and other age groups. Senior citizen discounts are the essence of the very thing older Americans are fighting against — discrimination by age.

Outline

Details

Introduction

Age determines whether an American can be given a discount, which is a common 1.________________in American business life today.

Origin of senior citizen discount

●Since the senior citizens are often treated as people who are in 2.____________, they are given such priority.

3.__________

situation

●The situation has changed a lot where the majority of the elderly are not poor at all.

●Younger Americans were at a/an 4.__________ directly or indirectly due to the discounts given to the elderly, thus leading to conflicts between generations.

●The number of older Americans 5.___________ to work rather than retire is on the increase, which means 6.__________ opportunities for young workers.

●It is no longer a kind of charity because millions of senior citizens don’t need the priority 7.__________.

Conclusion

It’s unwise to offer discount priority to the elderly.

●It will mislead people to think they are unable to 8._____________ to themselves.

●People may think that they are ungrateful and they’re hurting the 9._____________ of other age groups.

●Actually senior citizen discounts, to some extent, 10. ___________against their age.

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Once upon a time, there lived a big mango tree. A little boy loved to come and play around it everyday. He ________ to the tree top, ate the mangoes, took a nap under the ________… He loved the tree and the tree loved to play with him. Time ________. The little boy grew, and he no longer played around the tree.

One day, the boy came back to the tree with a ________ look on his face. “Come and play with me,” the tree asked the boy. “I am no longer a kid, I don’t play around trees anymore.” The boy ________. “I want toys. I need money to buy them.” “Sorry, I don’t have money …________ you can pick all my mangoes and sell them so you will have money.” The boy was so excited. He picked all the mangoes ________ the tree and left happily. The boy didn’t come back. The tree was sad.

One day, the boy ________ into a man returned. The tree was so excited. “Come and play with me,” the tree said. “I don’t have time to play. I have to work for my family. We need a house for ________. Can you help me?” “Sorry, I don’t have a house, but you can chop off my ________ to build your house.” So the man cut all the branches off the tree and left happily. The tree was glad to see him happy but the boy didn’t come back ________. The tree was again lonely and sad.

One hot summer day, the man returned and the tree was delighted. “Come and play with me!” The tree said. “I am sad and getting ________. I want to go sailing to ________ myself. Can you give me a boat?” “Use my trunk to build your boat. You can sail far away and be happy.” So the man cut the tree trunk to make a boat. He went sailing and didn’t come back for a long time.

Finally, the man returned ________ he had been gone for so many years. “Sorry, my boy, but I don’t have ________ for you anymore. No more mangoes to give you.” The tree said. “I don’t have teeth to bite,” the man replied. “No more trunk for you to climb on.” “I am ________ old for that now,” the man said.

“I really can’t give you anything, the only thing left is my ________ roots,” the tree said with sadness. “I don’t need much now, just a ________ to rest. I am tired after all these years,” the man replied. “Good! Old tree roots are the best place to ________ and rest. Come sit down with me and rest.” The boy sat down and the tree was glad and ________.

1.A.jumpedB.climbedC.slippedD.dropped

2.A.leavesB.topC.shadowD.sunshine

3.A.went byB.went throughC.went awayD.went ahead

4.A.surprisedB.delightedC.confusedD.sad

5.A.shoutedB.arguedC.repliedD.opposed

6.A.soB.andC.thusD.but

7.A.onB.inC.ofD.above

8.A.growB.grewC.growingD.grown

9.A.playingB.hidingC.shelterD.work

10.A.branchesB.trunkC.rootD.crown

11.A.backwardB.afterwardC.latelyD.previously

12.A.oldB.depressedC.boredD.changed

13.A.enhanceB.pleaseC.relaxD.comfort

14.A.untilB.unlessC.beforeD.after

15.A.somethingB.everythingC.anythingD.nothing

16.A.veryB.tooC.soD.rather

17.A.livingB.dyingC.strongD.weak

18.A.roomB.bedC.seatD.place

19.A.lean onB.stand onC.sit onD.lie on

20.A.frownedB.yelledC.smiledD.cried

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Once upon a time there lived an old man in a nice cottage with a large garden. The old man was seen ________ his flowers all the time. They were so well-tended that every passer-by could not but ________ for a glance.

One day a young man went by the garden. He gazed at the splendid garden, ________ in admiration at the beauty of these sceneries. Then, suddenly he ________ the old gardener was blind. ________, the young man asked, “Why are you busy tending these flowers every day which you can’t ________ in fact?” The old man smiled and answered that “I can tell you ________ reasons. First I was a ________ when I was young, and I really like this job. Second, although I can’t see these flowers, yet I can ________ them. Third, I can smell sweetness of them. As to the last one, that’s ________.

“Me? But you don’t know me,” responded the young man ________.

“Yeah, it’s ________ that I don’t know you. But I know everyone knows flowers and would never ________ them down. I know the beauty of my garden will get many people into a good ________. In the meantime, it also ________ a chance to me to have a word with you here and to enjoy the happiness these flowers have brought us.”

The old man’s ________ astonished me. The blind man grows flowers and ________ them as a link of minds so as to make ________ enjoy the sunshine in spring. Isn’t it one kind of happiness?

I believe every flower has ________ with which they can see the kindness of the man’s heart. The blind man grows flowers in his heart. Though ________ to see the beauty of blossoming(开花), he surely can hear the voice of it, I suppose.

1.A. lovingB. tendingC. wateringD. planting

2.A. runB. stayC. liveD. stop

3.A. lostB. droppedC. fallenD. kept

4.A. realizedB. feltC. noticedD. thought

5.A. ExcitedB. FrightenedC. SatisfiedD. Shocked

6.A. feelB. seeC. hearD. eat

7.A. fourB. twoC. threeD. one

8.A. teacherB. gardenerC. farmerD. painter

9.A. tasteB. plantC. appreciateD. touch

10.A. itB. youC. themD. me

11.A. with pleasureB. with hopeC. in surpriseD. in anger

12.A. trueB. possibleC. a pityD. a shame

13.A. putB. knockC. getD. turn

14.A. mindB. moodC. futureD. life

15.A. introducesB. standsC. offersD. leaves

16.A. attitudesB. behaviorC. storyD. words

17.A. servesB. actsC. worksD. treats

18.A. anybodyB. somebodyC. nobodyD. everybody

19.A. earsB. soulC. eyesD. heart

20.A. refusingB. tryingC. failingD. pretending

Scotland has long been characterized as a land of romance. It contains ruins of many ancient castles and abbeys,and there is an attractive beauty in its mountains,long deep valleys,and ribbon lakes.Each year those things attract a great number of tourists.

Numerous islands line the coast.In the north are two large groups,the Orkney Islands and the Shetland Islands.Close to the west coast are the Inner and Outer Hebrides groups,and the islands of Arran and Bute.

The land may be divided into three regions: the Highlands in the north,the Central Lowlands and the Southern Uplands.

The Highlands are wild and picturesque(如画的). A long valley called Glenmore crosses the Highlands from southwest to northeast.

In the south of the Highlands are the Grampian Mountains,highest in the British Isles. Ben Nevis,the highest peak,rises to 1,243 meters.Ben Lomond rises from the shore of Loch Lomond,Scotland's largest freshwater lake.

The Central Lowlands run from southwest to northeast and the greatest length is nearly 145 kilometers.The soil here is fertile,and there are four coalfields underlying the area.In the east is Edinburgh,Scotland's historic capital city,and in the west is Glasgow. Almost 90 percent of Scotland's population live in the Lowlands.

In the Southern Uplands, the hills are generally less than 600 meters high. Their rounded or flat tops are often capped with dark peat(泥炭). Along the slopes are plants like grass and heather(石南花).

1.According to the text, all the following things attract many tourists to Scotland EXCEPT ________.

A.ruins of ancient castles and abbeys

B.mountains and valleys

C.various animals and plants

D.ribbon lakes

2.From the passage we know that ________.

A.Scotland's islands mainly lie in the north

B.the Highlands have rich soil

C.Ben Lomond is near Scotland's largest freshwater lake

D.the Shetland Islands lie on the west coast of Scotland

3.Most Scottish people live in ________.

A.the HighlandsB.the Central lowlands

C.the Southern UplandsD.the Orkney Islands

4.The author's aim of writing this passage is ________.

A.to attract people to visit Scotland

B.to describe the beautiful scenery of Scotland

C.to show people the history of Scotland

D.to introduce Scotland generally

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