题目内容

3.Camaraderie over Competence
The importance of liking people is the subject of an article in the Harvard Business Review,which has carried out an experiment to find out who we'd rather work with.Hardly surprisingly,the people we want most as our workmates are both:brilliant at their jobs and delightful human beings.And the people we want least are both unpleasant and useless.More interestingly,the authors found that,given the choice between working with lovable fools and competent jerks (性情古怪的人),we irresistibly choose the former.Anyway,who likes those stupid men who annoy or hurt other people?We might insist that competence matters more,but our behavior shows we stay close to the people we like and sharing information with them.
What companies should therefore do is get people to like each other more.The trick here is apparently to make sure staffs come across each other as often as possible during the day.They also should be sent on bonding courses and so on to encourage friendliness and break down displeasure.However,more outdoor-activity weekends and shared coffee machines inspire no confidence at all.
The reality is that people either like each other or they don't.You can't force it.Possibly you can make offices friendlier by tolerating a lot of chat,but there is a productivity cost to that.In my experience,the question of lovable fool against competent jerk may not be the right one.The two are interrelated:we tend not to like our workmates when they are completely hopeless.I was once quite friendly with a woman whom I later worked with.I found her to be so outstandingly bad at her job that I lost respect for her and ended up not really liking her at all.Then is there anything that companies should be doing about it?
By far the most effective strategy would be to hire people who are all pretty much the same,given that similarity is one of the main determinants of whether we like each other.I think this is a pretty good idea,but no one dares recommend this anymore without offending the diversity lobby group.There is only one acceptable view on this subject:teams of similar people are bad because they stop creativity.This may be true,though I have never seen any conclusive proof of it.
Not only do we like similar people,we like people who like us.So if companies want to promote more liking,they should encourage a culture where we are all nice to each other.The trouble is that this needs to be done with some skill.

67.According to the research,which kind of colleagues would most people tend to choose?A
A.Nice but unintelligent.
B.Creative but unattractive.
C.Competent but unfriendly.
D.Humorous but unambitious.
68.The author talks about her experience to show thatC.
A.people respect outstanding leaders
B.people tend to like optimistic workmates
C.a workmate's working ability is important
D.talkative workmates makes offices friendlier
69.Some people think that similar people working together mayB
A.offend each other
B.create fewer new ideas
C.talk more and work less
D.be likely to stick together
70.To encourage workmates to like each other,companies couldD.
A.arrange the training course for workers to study together
B.organize team-building activities outside the office
C.encourage a diversity of opinions in workplace
D.employ staff who have a lot in common.

分析 本文通过调查发现人们乐于与聪明乐观,工作能力强的人一起工作,因为同事的能力很重要,相似的人在一起工作会阻碍创新能力,并据此为企业提供了一些建议.

解答 67.答案 A  细节理解题;根据第一段中the people we want most as our workmates are both:brilliant at their jobs anddelightful human beings.可知人们乐于与聪明且乐观的人一起共事,故选项A正确.
68.答案 C 细节理解题;根据第三段we tend not to like our workmates when they are completely hopeless.一句,可知同事的能力很重要.故答案选C.
69.答案 B 细节理解题;根据第四段中teams of similar people are bad because they stop creativity.可知相似的人在一起工作会阻碍创新能力.答案B正确.
70.答案 D 推理判断题;根据最后一段Not only do we like similar people,we like people who like us.So if companies want to promote more liking,they should encourage a culturewhere we are all nice to each other.可知,故答案D正确.

点评 细节理解的解题技巧:
   1.扫题干  2.抓关键词     3.定位置
4.研选项(干扰项的特点)
1)以偏概全 与原句的内容相似,但在程度有变动
2)无中生有  明显不是文章的信息
3)夸大/缩小 是原文信息,但故意增加或减少细节
4)偷梁换柱  偷换文中细小信息
5)半真半假  信息部分正确,部分错误
6)答非所问  是原文信息,但不是题干要求的内容

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5.Many years ago,Norman Cousins was diagnosed as"terminally ill."He was given six months to live.His chance for recovery was 1in 10000.He could see that the worry,depression and anger in his life contributed to his disease.He wondered,"If illness can be caused by negativity(消极),can wellness be created by positivity?"
He decided to make an experiment of himself.Laughter was one of the most positive activities he knew.He rented all the funny movies he could find-Keaton,Chaplin,Fields,the Marx Brothers.He read funny stories.Laughing for 10solid minutes,he found, relieved the pain for several hours so he could sleep.Surprisingly,he fully recovered from his illness and lived another 20happy,and healthy years.He owed his recovery to the love of his family and friends,and laughter.
Laughter is essential to our health.If we're not well,laughter helps us get well; if we are well,laughter helps us stay that way.Scientific studies have shown that laughter has a positive effect on the body,the mind and the emotions.
Use whatever makes you laugh-movies,records,books,cartoons,jokes,and so on.The people around you may think you are strange,but sooner or later they'll join in even if they don't know what you're laughing about.
Some diseases may be contagious,_______ none is as contagious(有感染力的)as the cure…laughter.

21.Cousins decided to try to laugh a lotB.
A.in order to be happy
B.in order to cure his disease
C.because he could not live for long
D.because his disease couldn't be cured
22.Which of the following is TRUE about his illness?A
A.There was little possibility to cure his disease.
B.He had been happy before he was ill.
C.His disease resulted from his hard work.
D.His disease made him sleepy all the time.
23.From Cousins'story,we can know thatD.
A.doctors believed that his disease could be cured by laughter
B.he was quite sure that positivity could cure his disease
C.laughing regularly contributed to his disease
D.his life was changed after he was ill
24.The text mainly tells usB.
A.how to be happy
B.laughter is good for our health
C.about Cousins'miserable life
D.funny stories make our life different
25.The underlined word"relieved"in the 2nd paragraph meansC.
A.suffered       B.experienced      C.reduced      D.survived.
9.McDonald's is the owrld single biggest food provider with annual sales of around$12.4bn.And the company's symbol Ronald McDonald is now the world's most recognized person after Santa Claus.
The first McDonald's restaurant was opened in San Bernardino,California,in 1948 by brothers Mac and Dick McDonald.Mac ran the restaurant side; Dick was the marketing genius.He had already invented the drive-in laundry and had been the first person to use neon lights in advertising.Now he spotted the gap in the post-war,baby-boom marker for cheap,family-orientated restaurants with simple menus,standardized food and efficient service.
After a slow start,business began to boom.By 1954,the brothers were joined by another entrepreneur,a kitchen equipment salesman called Ray A Kroc who owned the franchise to the Multimixer,milk shake maker used throughout the McDonald's chain.A year later,Kroc had bought the McDonald brthers'chain of 25 franchises for the equivalent of around$70m(£44m).Dick remained with the company until the Seventies,when he and Kroc Fell out over Kroc's claim that the chain was his creation.
Today,an almost Stalinist cult of personality surrounds Kroc (who died in 1984)at McDonald's,while the brothers who gave the company its name have all but been written out of its history.But though Kroc did not found McDonald's,he was certainly responsible for the empire-building philosophy which led to its world domination.He ushered in such essential contrbutions to international cuisine as the Big Mac(1968)and the Egg McMuffin (1937);and helped launch Ronald McDonald-"in any language he means fun"-on to television in 1963.
Every three hours,a new McDonald's franchise opens somewhere in the world; it can be found in more than 100 countries including India(vegetarian-only to avoid offending the non-beef-eating populace)and Israel(non kosher,despite fierce local objection).McDonald's chain embodied the thrusting,can-do spirit of Fifties America with staff mottoes such as"If you've got time to lean,you've go time to clean."
61.What's the main idea of the passage?D
A.Where can McDonald's go in the future?
B.How McDonald's was founded.
C.How McDonald's was distributed to the world.
D.McDonald's start and development.
62.McDonald's was foundedB.
A.by a kitchen equipment salesman
B.by two brothers in California
C.before the first world war
D.after the first World War
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A.They were not McDonald's founders although they named the restaurant.
B.Their business was still in depression after several years.
C.They had clear job separation on business.
D.They sold their restaurant to a salesman in 1954.
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B.Under his lead,international cuisine as the Big Mac and the Egg McMuffin earned worldwide fame.
C.He spotted the gap in postwar market for cheap,family-orientated restaurants.
D.He built McDonald's empire with a philosophy which led to its world domination.
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A.The single biggest food provider was however,not named after its founder.
B.The international cuisine as the Big Mac,a beef hamburger,is provided every chain restaurant in the world.
C.Employees in McDonald's have no time to lean.
D.The symbol Ronald McDonald,which means fun in any laguage,is said to be the world's most recognized person after Santa Claus.

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