Question

【题目】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

What elements pop up in your mind when you think of scientists? A pair of glasses, or a few wrinkles on the forehead? And do you think of a man, or a woman?

Well, as recently reported by BBC News, children in the US 【1】 women with scientists more than in previous decades, according to a new study.

“Draw a scientist” is an open-ended test designed to investigate children’s 【2】 of a typical scientist, and has been conducted by sociologists in various studies since the 1960s. After it began, a singular theme 【3】: most of the scientists drawn were men.

In the 1960s and 1970s, less than one percent of children drew a woman when asked to draw a scientist. But now, the number has risen to as high as 28 percent, given the fact that women’s 【4】 in the scientific workforce has improved significantly.

Jocelyn Steinke, a professor at Western Michigan University in the US, told the Washington Post “the study is important because it shows that children’s gender stereotypes(成见) of scientists have 【5】 over the past five decades in the United States.”

However, children are still far more likely to draw a(n)【6】 male figure when asked to draw a scientist. As found in the study, girls draw on 【7】 58 percent of scientists as men, with boys drawing 96 percent.

“The fact that children are still drawing more male than female scientists reflects their environment. Given the under-representation of women we observe in several science fields, we shouldn’t expect equal numbers. But 【8】, we can see that children’s stereotypes change over time,” David Miller, the study’s lead author, told BBC news.

The author of the study suggested that media stereotypes play a 【9】 role in children’s views of scientists as they get older. For example, children may determine 【10】 characteristics of a scientist based on certain aspects they see in the media, including a scientist’s sex or what they wear.

Meanwhile, as the Washington Post noted, gender stereotypes “exist across other professions”. For example, when asked to draw a teacher in another study, only 25 percent children in one study drew a man.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】G

【3】E

【4】H

【5】C

【6】K

【7】B

【8】F

【9】I

【10】D

【解析】

这是一篇议论文。文章引用了近期的一项研究，指出现在的孩子们在逐渐改变多年积累的对于科学家印象中的性别成见。

【1】

考查固定短语。句意：比起过去十年，美国孩子们更容易把科学家形象和女性联系起来。与上一段提问人们对于科学家的性别印象呼应，这里指现在的孩子们更容易认为科学家是女性，associate sb. with意为“将某人与……联系起来”。故选A项。

【2】

考查名词。句意：“描绘科学家”是一个开放式的测试，用于调查孩子们对于科学家的印象。空白处置于名词所有格，后需要一个名词，根据draw a scientist推断，应该是让孩子们根据自己对科学家的印象进行描述。故选G项。

【3】

考查动词。句意：在那之后，一个显著的主题出现了：大多数描绘出的科学家都是男性形象。这里表示的是上世纪60年代测试刚出来时呈现的结果，emerge意为“出现，显露”。故选E项。

【4】

考查名词。句意：表明一个事实，也就是女性在科学力量中代表的比重显著提升了。空白处置于名词所有格后需要一个名词，这里要表达的就是随着时代变迁，女性代表的力量和地位都提升了，representation意为“代表”。故选H项。

【5】

考查动词。句意：这表明在美国孩子们对于科学家的性别成见在过去的50年里是不断减少的。与前文研究得出的结论一致，这种性别偏见的情况确实在减少，decrease意为“减少，降低”。故选C项。

【6】

考查副词。句意：然而，孩子们在被要求描绘科学家时还是更有可能描绘出一个传统的男性形象。空白处需要一个副词修饰形容词male，与第一段的描述以及前文typical一词对应，都指一种典型的、刻板的印象。故选K项。

【7】

考查形容词。句意：研究表明，女孩子中平均58%的人描绘出的科学家是男性形象，男孩子中则高达96%。这里描述的是数据统计情况，average意为“平均的”，符合严谨的统计语言。故选B项。

【8】

考查副词。句意：但是令人欣慰的是，我们能看到孩子们的性别成见正在随着时间发生改变。这里空白处需要一个副词作状语，修饰后面整个句子，而后句描述的情况显然是比较正向、让人感到鼓舞的，encouragingly意为“鼓励地，勉励人地”，符合文意。故选F项。

【9】

考查形容词。句意：媒体的成见在孩子们的成长过程中，对他们对科学家的印象有着非常重要的影响。play a role意为“扮演角色，起作用”，文段的描述显然指媒体的作用是比较显著的，significant意为“显著的，重要的”。故选I项。

【10】

考查形容词。句意：比如说，孩子们可能会根据他们在电视上看到的某些方面，来决定一个科学家应有的具体特征。这里需要一个形容词修饰characteristics，句意上应该指孩子们会受媒体影响，在脑中固化科学家的具体形象，detailed意为“细节的，具体的”。故选D项。