题目内容
如图所示,横截面是直角三角形ABC的
三棱镜对红光的折射率为n1,对紫光的折射率为n2.一束很细的白光由棱镜的一个侧面AB垂直射入,从另一个侧面AC折射出来.已知棱镜的顶角∠A=30°,AC边平行于光屏MN,且与光屏的距离为L.求在光屏上得到的可见光谱的宽度.
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本题考查光的色散.光路如图所示.
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设射到屏上的红光和紫光偏离O点的距离分别为d1和d2,折射角分别为θ2和θ3,入射角θ1=30°,则由折射定律
(2分)
(2分)
得sinθ2=n1sinθ1=
n1 (1分)
sinθ3=n2sinθ1=
n2
(1分)
则d1=Ltanθ2=L
(1分)
d2=Ltanθ3=L
(1分)
则可见光谱的宽度为
d2-d1=L(
).

设射到屏上的红光和紫光偏离O点的距离分别为d1和d2,折射角分别为θ2和θ3,入射角θ1=30°,则由折射定律

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得sinθ2=n1sinθ1=
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sinθ3=n2sinθ1=
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则d1=Ltanθ2=L
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d2=Ltanθ3=L
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则可见光谱的宽度为
d2-d1=L(
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略
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