题目内容
用如图所示装置来验证动量守恒定律,质量为mA的钢球A用细线悬挂于O点,质量为mB的钢球B放在离地面高度为H的小支柱N上,O点到A球球心的距离为L,使悬线在A球释放前伸直,且线与竖直线夹角为
,A球释放后摆到最低点时恰与B球正碰,碰撞后,A球把轻质指示针OC推移到与竖直线夹角
处,B球落到地面上,地面上铺有一张盖有复写纸的白纸D,保持
角度不变,多次重复上述实验,白纸上记录到多个B球的落点。‘
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/201408241559313195154.jpg)
(1)图中S应是B球初始位置到 的水平距离。
(2)为了验证两球碰撞过程动量守恒,应测得的物理量有 。
(3)用测得的物理量表示碰撞前后A球、B球的动量:pA= ,pA/= ,pB= ,pB/= 。
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824155930882310.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824155930960339.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824155930882310.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/201408241559313195154.jpg)
(1)图中S应是B球初始位置到 的水平距离。
(2)为了验证两球碰撞过程动量守恒,应测得的物理量有 。
(3)用测得的物理量表示碰撞前后A球、B球的动量:pA= ,pA/= ,pB= ,pB/= 。
(1)落点 (2)mA;mB;
;
;H;L;S。(3)
;
; 0;mBS![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824155931771550.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824155930882310.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824155930960339.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824155931568942.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824155931677969.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824155931771550.png)
试题分析:根据实验设计思路,A球撞击B球,B球做平抛运动,所以S应为其水平位移。在碰撞过程中,动量守恒。碰前A的速度为
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824155931833936.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824155931958843.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/201408241559321301025.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824155932223805.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824155932426474.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824155932567500.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824155932941497.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824155930882310.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824155930960339.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824155931568942.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824155931677969.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824155931771550.png)
点评:此类题型通过机械能守恒定律求出碰前、后A的速度,并结合平抛知识求出碰后B的速度,最后根据动量守恒定律的要求列示求解。
![](http://thumb2018.1010pic.com/images/loading.gif)
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