题目内容
记[x]为不超过实数x的最大整数,例如,[2]=2,[1.5]=1,[-0.3]=-1.设a为正整数,数列{xn}满足x1=a,![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_ST/0.png)
①当a=5时,数列{xn}的前3项依次为5,3,2;
②对数列{xn}都存在正整数k,当n≥k时总有xn=xk;
③当n≥1时,
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_ST/1.png)
④对某个正整数k,若xk+1≥xk,则
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_ST/2.png)
其中的真命题有 .(写出所有真命题的编号)
【答案】分析:按照给出的定义对四个命题结合数列的知识逐一进行判断真假,①列举即可;②需举反例;③可用数学归纳法加以证明;④可由归纳推理判断其正误
解答:解:①当a=5时,x1=5,
,
,
∴①正确.
②当a=8时,x1=8,
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/2.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/3.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/4.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/5.png)
∴此数列从第三项开始为3,2,3,2,3,2…为摆动数列,故②错误;
③当n=1时,x1=a,∵a-(
)=
>0,∴x1=a>
成立,
假设n=k时,
,
则n=k+1时,
,
∵
≥
≥
,
∴
>![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/15.png)
∴对任意正整数n,当n≥1时,
;③正确;
④∵
≥xk,
由数列①②规律可知
一定成立
故正确答案为①③④
点评:本题主要考查了数列递推公式的应用,归纳推理和演绎推理的方法,直接证明和间接证明方法,数学归纳法的应用,难度较大,需有较强的推理和思维能力
解答:解:①当a=5时,x1=5,
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/0.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/1.png)
∴①正确.
②当a=8时,x1=8,
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/2.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/3.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/4.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/5.png)
∴此数列从第三项开始为3,2,3,2,3,2…为摆动数列,故②错误;
③当n=1时,x1=a,∵a-(
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/6.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/7.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/8.png)
假设n=k时,
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/9.png)
则n=k+1时,
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/10.png)
∵
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/11.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/12.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/13.png)
∴
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/14.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/15.png)
∴对任意正整数n,当n≥1时,
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/16.png)
④∵
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/17.png)
由数列①②规律可知
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic6/res/gzsx/web/STSource/20131024190131885513734/SYS201310241901318855137015_DA/18.png)
故正确答案为①③④
点评:本题主要考查了数列递推公式的应用,归纳推理和演绎推理的方法,直接证明和间接证明方法,数学归纳法的应用,难度较大,需有较强的推理和思维能力
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/images/loading.gif)
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