题目内容
设f(k)是满足不等式log2x+log2(3×2k-1-x)≥2k-1(k∈N+)的自然数x的个数.(1)求f(k)的解析式;
(2)记Sn=f(1)+f(2)+…+f(n),求Sn的解析式;
(3)令Pn=n2+n-1(n∈N+),试比较Sn与Pn的大小.
解:(1)由已知不等式可得
2k-1≤x≤2k,从而f(k)=2k-2k-1+1=2k-1+1.
(2)Sn=f(1)+f(2)+…+f(n)
=20+21+…+2n-1+n
=2n+n-1.
(3)Sn-Pn=2n-n2.
当n=1时,21-12>0;当n=2时,22-22=0;
当n=3时,23-32<0;当n=4时,24-42=0;
当n=5时,25-52>0;当n=6时,26-62>0.
猜想:当n≥5时,Sn>Pn.
下面用数学归纳法证明:
①当n=5时,Sn>Pn,上面已证;
②假设n=k时,Sk>Pk,即2k>k2,
则n=k+1时,
∵Sk-Pk+1=2k+1-(k-1)2>2k2-(k+1)2=(k-1)2-2,
当k≥5时,(k-1)2-2>0,∴Sk+1>Pk+1.
故当n≥5时,总有Sn>Pn成立.
综上可知:当n=1或n≥5时,有Sn>Pn;
当n=2或n=4时,Sn=Pn;
当n=3时,Sn<Pn.
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