题目内容

17.过抛物线E:y2=2px(p>0)外一点P作PO⊥x轴,垂足为Q,线段PQ交抛物线E于R点,连接OP交抛物线E于S点,直线RS与x轴交于A点,直线SQ与y轴交于B点,
(1)若R是PQ的中点,求证:P,B,A三点共线;
(2)设△SOA,△SOQ,△SQR,△SPQ的面积分别为S1,S2,S3,S4,求证:$\frac{{S}_{1}}{{S}_{2}}$=$\frac{{S}_{3}}{{S}_{4}}$.

分析 (1)设R($\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{2p},{y}_{0}$),把P,Q的坐标用R的坐标表示,求得OP所在直线方程,联立直线方程和抛物线方程求得S的坐标,由直线方程的两点式分别求得QS所在直线方程和RS所在直线方程,进一步求得B,A的坐标,由向量证明P,B,A三点共线;
(2)把三角形的面积比转化为边长比得答案.

解答 证明:(1)如图,
设R($\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{2p},{y}_{0}$),则P($\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{2p},2{y}_{0}$),Q($\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{2p},0$),
则OP所在直线方程为:$y=\frac{2{y}_{0}}{\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{2p}}x=\frac{4p}{{y}_{0}}x$,
联立$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{y=\frac{4p}{{y}_{0}}x}\\{{y}^{2}=2px}\end{array}\right.$,解得:$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x=\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{8p}}\\{y=\frac{{y}_{0}}{2}}\end{array}\right.$,即S($\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{8p},\frac{{y}_{0}}{2}$),
则QS所在直线方程为:$\frac{y}{\frac{{y}_{0}}{2}}=\frac{x-\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{2p}}{\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{8p}-\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{2p}}=\frac{x-\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{2p}}{-\frac{3{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{8p}}$,
取x=0,得$y=\frac{2}{3}{y}_{0}$,∴B(0,$\frac{2}{3}{y}_{0}$),
RS所在直线方程为:$\frac{y-{y}_{0}}{-\frac{{y}_{0}}{2}}=\frac{x-\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{2p}}{\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{8p}-\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{2p}}$=$\frac{x-\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{2p}}{-\frac{3{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{8p}}$,
取y=0,得x=$-\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{4p}$,∴A($-\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{4p},0$),
$\overrightarrow{PB}=(-\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{2p},-\frac{4}{3}{y}_{0})$,$\overrightarrow{PA}=(-\frac{3{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{4p},-2{y}_{0})=\frac{3}{2}(-\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{2p},-\frac{4}{3}{y}_{0})$,
∴P,B,A三点共线;
(2)∵△SOA,△SOQ同高,∴$\frac{{S}_{1}}{{S}_{2}}$=$\frac{|OA|}{|OQ|}=\frac{|-\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{4p}|}{|\frac{{{y}_{0}}^{2}}{2p}|}=\frac{1}{2}$,
又△SQR,△SPQ同高,∴$\frac{{S}_{3}}{{S}_{4}}$=$\frac{|QR|}{|PQ|}$=$\frac{|{y}_{0}|}{|2{y}_{0}|}=\frac{1}{2}$,
∴$\frac{{S}_{1}}{{S}_{2}}$=$\frac{{S}_{3}}{{S}_{4}}$.

点评 本题考查了直线与抛物线的位置关系,考查了数形结合的解题思想方法,考查了数学转化思想方法,是中档题.

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