ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿Ä³¹ÌÌå»ìºÏÎïÖУ¬¿ÉÄܺ¬ÓÐÏÂÁÐÀë×ÓÖеļ¸ÖÖ£ºK+¡¢NH4+¡¢Mg2+¡¢Ba2+¡¢Cl-¡¢SO42-¡¢CO32-£¬½«¸Ã»ìºÏÎïÈÜÓÚË®ºóµÃ³ÎÇåÈÜÒº£¬ÏÖÈ¡Èý·Ý¸÷100 mL¸ÃÈÜÒº·Ö±ð½øÐÐÈçÏÂʵÑ飺
£¨1£©ÔÚÒ»·ÝÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëAgNO3ÈÜÒº£¬Óа×É«³ÁµíÉú³É£»
£¨2£©ÔÚÁíÒ»·ÝÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë×ãÁ¿µÄNaOHÈÜÒº²¢¼ÓÈÈ£¬ÊÕ¼¯µ½1.12 LÆøÌ壨±ê×¼×´ ¿öÏ£©£»
£¨3£©ÔÚµÚÈý·ÝÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë×ãÁ¿µÄBaCl2ÈÜÒºÓгÁµíÉú³É£¬¾³ÆÁ¿ÆäÖÊÁ¿Îª8.6g£¬ÔڸóÁµíÖмÓÈë×ãÁ¿µÄÑÎËᣬ³Áµí²¿·ÖÈܽ⣬ʣÓà¹ÌÌåÖÊÁ¿Îª4.66 g¡£
¸ù¾ÝÉÏÊöʵÑé»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
(1)ÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨²»´æÔÚµÄÀë×ÓÊÇ_____________£»
(2)ÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨´æÔÚµÄÒõÀë×ÓÓÐ___________£¬ÆäÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È·Ö±ðΪ___________£¬
(3)ÈÜÒºÖÐK+ÊÇ·ñ´æÔÚ£º_____________¡£Èô´æÔÚ,ËüµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿µÄÈ¡Öµ·¶Î§ÊÇ _____________¡£(Èô²»´æÔÚ£¬´Ë¿Õ²»Ðè»Ø´ð)¡£
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿ Ba2+¡¢Mg2+ CO32-¡¢SO42- c(SO42-)=0.2 mol/L¡¢c(CO32-)=0.2 mol/L Ò»¶¨ÓÐK+ n(K+-)¡Ý0.03 mol
¡¾½âÎö¡¿(1)̼ËáÒø¡¢ÁòËáÒø¡¢ÂÈ»¯Òø¶¼ÊÇ°×É«³Áµí£¬Òò´ËʵÑé¢ÙµÃµ½³ÁµíÎÞ·¨È·¶¨ÊÇÂÈ»¯Òø£¬¹ÊʵÑé¢Ù¶ÔCl-ÊÇ·ñ´æÔÚµÄÅжÏÊÇ£º²»ÄÜÈ·¶¨£»ÀûÓÃʵÑé¢Ú¿ÉÖªº¬ÓÐï§Àë×Ó£¬ÀûÓÃʵÑé¢Û¿ÉÖª³ÁµíÒ»¶¨ÊÇ̼Ëá±µºÍÁòËá±µ£¬¼´ÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨º¬ÓÐCO32-¡¢SO42-£¬Ì¼Ëá±µ¡¢Ì¼Ëáþ¡¢ÁòËá±µµÈ¶¼ÊDz»ÈÜÓÚË®µÄ³Áµí£¬¹Ê¿ÉÅÐÖªÈÜÒºÒ»¶¨²»´æÔÚµÄÀë×ÓÊÇ£ºBa2+¡¢Mg2+£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBa2+¡¢Mg2+£»
(2)¸ù¾ÝÉÏÊö·ÖÎö¿ÉÖª£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨º¬ÓеÄÒõÀë×ÓΪCO32-¡¢SO42-£¬ÓÉ̼Ëá±µ¿ÉÈÜÓÚÑÎËᣬÁòËá±µ²»ÈÜÓÚÑÎËá¿ÉÍÆÖª¼ÓÈëÑÎËáºó£¬Ê£ÓàµÄ4.66g¹ÌÌåΪBaSO4£¬ÀûÓÃÁòÊغã¿ÉÖªÈÜÒºÖÐn(SO42-)= =0.02mol£¬c(SO42-)==0.2mol/L£»8.6g¹ÌÌåÖÐ̼Ëá±µµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª8.6g-4.66g=3.94g£¬ÀûÓÃ̼Êغã¿ÉÖªÈÜÒºÖÐn(CO32-)= =0.02mol£¬c(CO32-)==0.2mol/L£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCO32-¡¢SO42-£»c(SO42-)=0.2mol/L¡¢c(CO32-)=0.2mol/L£»
(3)ÈÜÒºÖп϶¨´æÔÚµÄÀë×ÓÊÇNH4+¡¢CO32-ºÍSO42-£¬¾¼ÆË㣬NH4+µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª=0.05 mol£¬ÀûÓÃ(2)ÖзÖÎö¡¢¼ÆËã¿ÉÖªCO32-¡¢SO42-µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿·Ö±ðΪ0.02 molºÍ0.02 mol£¬¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊغ㣬n(+)=n(NH4+)=0.05mol£¬n(-)=2n(CO32-)+2n(SO42-)=0.08mol£¬¼ØÀë×ÓÒ»¶¨´æÔÚ£¬ÇÒn(K+)¡Ý0.03mol£¬Èç¹ûÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚCl-£¬È¡´óÓںţ¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÒ»¶¨ÓÐK+£»n(K+)¡Ý0.03mol¡£