ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
ÓÐÒ»ÎÞÉ«ÈÜÒº£¬ÆäÖпÉÄܺ¬ÓÐFe3+¡¢Al3+¡¢Mg2+¡¢Cu2+¡¢NH4+¡¢K+¡¢CO32-¡¢SO42-µÈÀë×ÓÖеļ¸ÖÖ£¬Îª·ÖÎöÆä³É·Ö£¬È¡´ËÈÜÒº·Ö±ð½øÐÐÁËËĸöʵÑ飬Æä²Ù×÷ºÍÓйØÏÖÏóÈçͼËùʾ£º
µÚ¢Û¸öʵÑéÖУ¬Éú³É°×É«³ÁµíµÄÁ¿Óë¼ÓÈëNaOHµÄÁ¿ÓÐÈçÓÒͼËùʾµÄÏ໥¹Øϵ£®
¾Ý´Ë¿ÉÖª£º£¨1£©ÔÚÔÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨´æÔÚµÄÀë×ÓÓÐ______£»
£¨2£©Ð´³öµÚ¢Û¸öʵÑéÖз¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ______£»
£¨3£©Ð´³öµÚ¢Ü¸öʵÑéÖÐÉú³ÉÆøÌåµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ______£®
µÚ¢Û¸öʵÑéÖУ¬Éú³É°×É«³ÁµíµÄÁ¿Óë¼ÓÈëNaOHµÄÁ¿ÓÐÈçÓÒͼËùʾµÄÏ໥¹Øϵ£®
¾Ý´Ë¿ÉÖª£º£¨1£©ÔÚÔÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨´æÔÚµÄÀë×ÓÓÐ______£»
£¨2£©Ð´³öµÚ¢Û¸öʵÑéÖз¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ______£»
£¨3£©Ð´³öµÚ¢Ü¸öʵÑéÖÐÉú³ÉÆøÌåµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ______£®
£¨1£©ÈÜҺ͸¹ýÀ¶É«îܲ£Á§ÑæÉ«·´Ó¦³Ê×ÏÉ«£¬ËµÃ÷ÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐK+Àë×Ó£¬ÈÜÒº³ÊÎÞÉ«£¬ÔòÒ»¶¨²»º¬Fe3+Àë×Ó£¬
ÖðµÎ¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿NaOHÈÜÒºÓа×É«³Áµí£¬ÔòÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐMg2+Àë×Ó£¬
¼ÓÈëÂÈ»¯±µºÍÑÎËáºóÉú³É°×É«³Áµí£¬ÓÉÓÚÈÜÒºÖÐûÓÐAg+Àë×Ó£¬ÔòÉú³É³ÁµíΪBaSO4£¬ÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐSO42-Àë×Ó£¬
µÚ¢Û¸öʵÑéÖУ¬Éú³É°×É«³ÁµíµÄÁ¿Óë¼ÓÈëNaOHµÄÁ¿µÄÏÈÔö´óºó¼õС£¬Ôò˵Ã÷ÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐAl3+Àë×Ó£¬
ÔòÔÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨º¬ÓÐAl3+¡¢Mg2+¡¢K+¡¢SO42-µÈÀë×Ó£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºAl3+¡¢Mg2+¡¢K+¡¢SO42-£»
£¨2£©ÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐAl3+¡¢Mg2+£¬¼ÓÈëNaOHʱÏÈ·¢Éú·´Ó¦Îª£¬Mg2++2OH-=Mg£¨OH£©2¡ý£»Al3++3OH-=Al£¨OH£©3¡ý£¬Éú³ÉMg£¨OH£©2ºÍAl£¨OH£©3³Áµí£¬µ±È«²¿Éú³É³ÁµíÖ®ºó£¬ÔÙ¼ÓÈëNaOH£¬ÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁÓëNaOH¼ÌÐø·´Ó¦£¬·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪAl£¨OH£©3+OH-=AlO2-+2H2O£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºMg2++2OH-=Mg£¨OH£©2¡ý£»Al3++3OH-=Al£¨OH£©3¡ý£»Al£¨OH£©3+OH-=AlO2-+2H2O£»
£¨3£©¹ýÑõ»¯ÄÆÓëË®·´Ó¦Éú³ÉNaOHºÍÑõÆø£¬·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2¡ü£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2¡ü
ÖðµÎ¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿NaOHÈÜÒºÓа×É«³Áµí£¬ÔòÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐMg2+Àë×Ó£¬
¼ÓÈëÂÈ»¯±µºÍÑÎËáºóÉú³É°×É«³Áµí£¬ÓÉÓÚÈÜÒºÖÐûÓÐAg+Àë×Ó£¬ÔòÉú³É³ÁµíΪBaSO4£¬ÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐSO42-Àë×Ó£¬
µÚ¢Û¸öʵÑéÖУ¬Éú³É°×É«³ÁµíµÄÁ¿Óë¼ÓÈëNaOHµÄÁ¿µÄÏÈÔö´óºó¼õС£¬Ôò˵Ã÷ÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐAl3+Àë×Ó£¬
ÔòÔÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨º¬ÓÐAl3+¡¢Mg2+¡¢K+¡¢SO42-µÈÀë×Ó£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºAl3+¡¢Mg2+¡¢K+¡¢SO42-£»
£¨2£©ÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐAl3+¡¢Mg2+£¬¼ÓÈëNaOHʱÏÈ·¢Éú·´Ó¦Îª£¬Mg2++2OH-=Mg£¨OH£©2¡ý£»Al3++3OH-=Al£¨OH£©3¡ý£¬Éú³ÉMg£¨OH£©2ºÍAl£¨OH£©3³Áµí£¬µ±È«²¿Éú³É³ÁµíÖ®ºó£¬ÔÙ¼ÓÈëNaOH£¬ÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁÓëNaOH¼ÌÐø·´Ó¦£¬·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪAl£¨OH£©3+OH-=AlO2-+2H2O£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºMg2++2OH-=Mg£¨OH£©2¡ý£»Al3++3OH-=Al£¨OH£©3¡ý£»Al£¨OH£©3+OH-=AlO2-+2H2O£»
£¨3£©¹ýÑõ»¯ÄÆÓëË®·´Ó¦Éú³ÉNaOHºÍÑõÆø£¬·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2¡ü£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2¡ü
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿