ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
ÏòÊ¢ÓÐÒ»¶¨Á¿ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºµÄÉÕ±ÖÐͨÈë±ê×¼×´¿öÏÂ448mLµªÆøºÍ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼µÄ»ìºÏÆøÌåºóµÃµ½ÈÜÒºA£¬ÔÚÈÜÒºAÖÐÖðµÎ¼ÓÈë0.1mol/LµÄÏ¡ÑÎËáÖÁ¹ýÁ¿£¬²¢½«ÈÜÒº¼ÓÈÈ£¬²úÉúµÄ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÆøÌåµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Óë¼ÓÈëÏ¡ÑÎËáµÄÌå»ýµÄ¹ØϵÈçͼËùʾ£¨ºöÂÔ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼µÄÈܽâºÍÂÈ»¯ÇâµÄ»Ó·¢£©£®ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
A¡¢Ô»ìºÏÆøÌåÖеªÆøÓë¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼Ìå»ýÖ®±ÈΪ1£º4 | B¡¢ÔÚÖðµÎ¼ÓÈëÏ¡ÑÎËá²úÉú¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼Ö®Ç°£¬·¢ÉúµÄÀë×Ó·´Ó¦ÎªCO32-+H+¨THCO3- | C¡¢ÈÜÒºAÖк¬ÓÐ0.01mol NaOHºÍ0.01mol Na2CO3 | D¡¢µ±¼ÓÈë0.1LÏ¡ÑÎËáʱ£¬´ËʱÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óС¹ØϵΪc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨Cl-£©=c£¨CO32-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H+£© |
·ÖÎö£ºNa2CO3¸úÑÎËáµÄ·´Ó¦ÊÇ·Ö²½½øÐеģºNa2CO3+HCl=NaHCO3+NaCl£¬NaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+H2O+CO2¡ü£¬½áºÏ·½³Ìʽ¿ÉÖª£¬ÈôAÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊÖ»ÓÐNa2CO3ʱ£¬Ç°ºóÏûºÄÑÎËáµÄÌå»ýÓ¦ÏàµÈ£¬ÓÉͼÏó¿ÉÖªÉú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÏûºÄµÄÑÎËáµÄÌå»ýСÓÚ´Ó·´Ó¦µ½¿ªÊ¼²úÉú¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼½×¶ÎÏûºÄÑÎËᣬ¹ÊAÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊΪNaOH¡¢Na2CO3£¬
A£®¸ù¾ÝCÔªËØÊغã¼ÆËã¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼µÄÌå»ý£¬¾Ý´Ë¼ÆËã½â´ð£»
B£®²úÉú¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼Ö®Ç°£¬ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ¡¢Ì¼ËáÄƶ¼ÓëÑÎËá·´Ó¦£»
C£®¾Ý̼ԪËØÊغã¼ÆËãn£¨Na2CO3£©£¬¼ÓÈë0.3LÑÎËáʱ£¬´ËʱÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊΪNaCl£¬ÓÉÂÈÀë×ÓÊغã¿ÉÖªn£¨NaCl£©=n£¨HCl£©£¬¸ùÔÙ¸ù¾ÝÄÆÀë×ÓÊغã¼ÆËãn£¨NaOH£©£»
D£®¸ù¾ÝCÖÐNaOHµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬ÅжϼÓÈë0.1LÏ¡ÑÎËáʱÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊΪNaCl¡¢Na2CO3£¬ÇÒ¶þÕßŨ¶ÈÏàµÈ£¬½áºÏ̼ËáÇâÄÆË®½âÅжϣ®
A£®¸ù¾ÝCÔªËØÊغã¼ÆËã¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼µÄÌå»ý£¬¾Ý´Ë¼ÆËã½â´ð£»
B£®²úÉú¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼Ö®Ç°£¬ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ¡¢Ì¼ËáÄƶ¼ÓëÑÎËá·´Ó¦£»
C£®¾Ý̼ԪËØÊغã¼ÆËãn£¨Na2CO3£©£¬¼ÓÈë0.3LÑÎËáʱ£¬´ËʱÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊΪNaCl£¬ÓÉÂÈÀë×ÓÊغã¿ÉÖªn£¨NaCl£©=n£¨HCl£©£¬¸ùÔÙ¸ù¾ÝÄÆÀë×ÓÊغã¼ÆËãn£¨NaOH£©£»
D£®¸ù¾ÝCÖÐNaOHµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬ÅжϼÓÈë0.1LÏ¡ÑÎËáʱÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊΪNaCl¡¢Na2CO3£¬ÇÒ¶þÕßŨ¶ÈÏàµÈ£¬½áºÏ̼ËáÇâÄÆË®½âÅжϣ®
½â´ð£º½â£ºNa2CO3¸úÑÎËáµÄ·´Ó¦ÊÇ·Ö²½½øÐеģºNa2CO3+HCl=NaHCO3+NaCl£¬NaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+H2O+CO2¡ü£¬½áºÏ·½³Ìʽ¿ÉÖª£¬ÈôAÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊÖ»ÓÐNa2CO3ʱ£¬Ç°ºóÏûºÄÑÎËáµÄÌå»ýÓ¦ÏàµÈ£¬ÓÉͼÏó¿ÉÖªÉú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÏûºÄµÄÑÎËáµÄÌå»ýСÓÚ´Ó·´Ó¦µ½¿ªÊ¼²úÉú¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼½×¶ÎÏûºÄÑÎËᣬ¹ÊAÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊΪNaOH¡¢Na2CO3£¬
A£®¸ù¾ÝCÔªËØÊغ㣬¿ÉÖªV£¨CO2£©=0.01mol¡Á22.4L/mol=0.224L=224mL£¬¹ÊµªÆøµÄÌå»ý=448mL-224mL=224mL£¬¹ÊÔ»ìºÏÆøÌåÖеªÆøÓë¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼Ìå»ýÖ®±ÈΪ1£º1£¬¹ÊA´íÎó£»
B£®²úÉú¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼Ö®Ç°£¬ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ¡¢Ì¼ËáÄƶ¼ÓëÑÎËá·´Ó¦£¬·´Ó¦Àë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£ºOH-+H+¨TH2O¡¢CO32-+H+¨THCO3-£¬¹ÊB´íÎó£»
C£®¸ù¾Ý̼ԪËØÊغ㣬¿ÉÖªn£¨Na2CO3£©=n£¨CO2£©=0.01mol£¬¼ÓÈë0.3LÑÎËáʱ£¬´ËʱÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊΪNaCl£¬ÓÉÂÈÀë×ÓÊغã¿ÉÖªn£¨NaCl£©=n£¨HCl£©=0.3L¡Á0.1mol/L=0.03mol£¬¸ù¾ÝÄÆÀë×ÓÊغ㣬n£¨NaOH£©=n£¨NaCl£©-2n£¨Na2CO3£©=0.03mol-0.01mol¡Á2=0.01mol£¬¹ÊCÕýÈ·£»
D£®¼ÓÈë0.1LÏ¡ÑÎËᣬº¬ÓÐHClΪ0.3L¡Á0.1mol/L=0.01mol£¬ÓëNaOHÇ¡ºÃ·´Ó¦Éú³É0.01molNaCl£¬ÈÜÖÊΪNaCl£¬ÈÜÖÊΪNaCl¡¢Na2CO3£¬ÇÒ¶þÕßŨ¶ÈÏàµÈ£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÄÆÀë×ÓŨ¶È×î´ó£¬Ì¼Ëá¸ùË®½â£¬ÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬ÇÒË®µçÀë»áÉú³ÉÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×Ó£¬¹Êc£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©£¬¹ÊÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶È£ºc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨Cl-£©£¾c£¨CO32-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¬¹ÊD´íÎó£¬
¹ÊÑ¡C£®
A£®¸ù¾ÝCÔªËØÊغ㣬¿ÉÖªV£¨CO2£©=0.01mol¡Á22.4L/mol=0.224L=224mL£¬¹ÊµªÆøµÄÌå»ý=448mL-224mL=224mL£¬¹ÊÔ»ìºÏÆøÌåÖеªÆøÓë¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼Ìå»ýÖ®±ÈΪ1£º1£¬¹ÊA´íÎó£»
B£®²úÉú¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼Ö®Ç°£¬ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ¡¢Ì¼ËáÄƶ¼ÓëÑÎËá·´Ó¦£¬·´Ó¦Àë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£ºOH-+H+¨TH2O¡¢CO32-+H+¨THCO3-£¬¹ÊB´íÎó£»
C£®¸ù¾Ý̼ԪËØÊغ㣬¿ÉÖªn£¨Na2CO3£©=n£¨CO2£©=0.01mol£¬¼ÓÈë0.3LÑÎËáʱ£¬´ËʱÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊΪNaCl£¬ÓÉÂÈÀë×ÓÊغã¿ÉÖªn£¨NaCl£©=n£¨HCl£©=0.3L¡Á0.1mol/L=0.03mol£¬¸ù¾ÝÄÆÀë×ÓÊغ㣬n£¨NaOH£©=n£¨NaCl£©-2n£¨Na2CO3£©=0.03mol-0.01mol¡Á2=0.01mol£¬¹ÊCÕýÈ·£»
D£®¼ÓÈë0.1LÏ¡ÑÎËᣬº¬ÓÐHClΪ0.3L¡Á0.1mol/L=0.01mol£¬ÓëNaOHÇ¡ºÃ·´Ó¦Éú³É0.01molNaCl£¬ÈÜÖÊΪNaCl£¬ÈÜÖÊΪNaCl¡¢Na2CO3£¬ÇÒ¶þÕßŨ¶ÈÏàµÈ£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÄÆÀë×ÓŨ¶È×î´ó£¬Ì¼Ëá¸ùË®½â£¬ÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬ÇÒË®µçÀë»áÉú³ÉÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×Ó£¬¹Êc£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©£¬¹ÊÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶È£ºc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨Cl-£©£¾c£¨CO32-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¬¹ÊD´íÎó£¬
¹ÊÑ¡C£®
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ì⿼²é»ìºÏÎïµÄ¼ÆË㣬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬×¢Òâ´ÓͼÏó·ÖÎö·¢ÉúµÄ·´Ó¦£¬±¾Ìâ¹Ø¼üÊǸù¾ÝͼÏóÅжÏÈÜÒºÈÜÖʵijɷ֣®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿
ÏòÊ¢ÓÐÒ»¶¨Á¿ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºµÄÉÕ±ÖÐͨÈë±ê×¼×´¿öÏÂ448mLµªÆøºÍ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼µÄ»ìºÏÆøÌåºóµÃµ½ÈÜÒºA£¬ÔÚÈÜÒºAÖÐÖðµÎ¼ÓÈë0.1 mol/LµÄÏ¡ÑÎËáÖÁ¹ýÁ¿£¬²¢½«ÈÜÒº¼ÓÈÈ£¬²úÉúµÄ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÆøÌåµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Óë¼ÓÈëÏ¡ÑÎËáµÄÌå»ýµÄ¹ØϵÈçͼËùʾ£¨ºöÂÔ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼µÄÈܽâºÍÂÈ»¯ÇâµÄ»Ó·¢£©¡£ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨ £©
A£®Ô»ìºÏÆøÌåÖеªÆøÓë¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼Ìå»ýÖ®±ÈΪ1¡Ã4 |
B£®ÔÚÖðµÎ¼ÓÈëÏ¡ÑÎËá²úÉú¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼Ö®Ç°£¬·¢ÉúµÄÀë×Ó·´Ó¦ÎªCO32-+H-==HCO3- |
C£®ÈÜ Òº A ÖÐ º¬ ÓÐ 0 . 01 mol NaOH ºÍ0.01 mol Na2CO3 |
D£®µ±¼ÓÈë0.1 LÏ¡ÑÎËáʱ£¬´ËʱÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óС¹ØϵΪc£¨Na+£©>c£¨Cl-£©=c£¨CO32-£©>c£¨OH-£©>c£¨H+£© |