ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿¶þÑõ»¯ÂÈ(ClO2))ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÔÚË®´¦ÀíµÈ·½ÃæÓй㷺ӦÓõĸßЧ°²È«Ïû¶¾¼Á£¬¶øÇÒÓëCl2Ïà±È²»»á²úÉú¶ÔÈËÌåÓÐDZÔÚΣº¦µÄÓлúÂÈ´úÎij¿ÎÌâ×éÒÔ¶èÐԵ缫µç½âÑÎËáºÍNH4ClµÄ»ìºÏÈÜÒº»ñµÃNCl3ÈÜÒº£¬ÔÙÒÔNCl3ÈÜÒººÍNaClO2·´Ó¦ÖƵÃClO2¡£»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©ClO2±»I-»¹ÔΪClO2-¡¢Cl-µÄת»¯ÂÊÓëÈÜÒºpHµÄ¹ØϵÈçͼËùʾ£º
¢ÙpH¡Ü2ʱ£¬ClO2ÓëI-·´Ó¦Éú³ÉI2µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ_________________¡£
¢ÚÔÚÓÃClO2½øÐÐË®´¦Àíʱ£¬³ýÁËɱ¾úÏû¶¾Í⣬»¹ÄܳýȥˮÖеÄFe2+ºÍMn2+£¬ClO2Ñõ»¯Mn2+Éú³ÉMnO2µÄ·´Ó¦ÖУ¬Ñõ»¯¼ÁºÍ»¹Ô¼ÁµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ________¡£
£¨2£©NCl3µÄË®½â²úÎïÓÐNHCl2¡¢NH2ClµÈ¡£
¢ÙNCl3µÄµç×ÓʽΪ________£¬ÆäÖÐÂÈÔªËصĻ¯ºÏ¼ÛÊÇ________£»NH2ClÈÔ¿É»ºÂý·¢ÉúË®½â£¬Æ仯ѧ·½³ÌʽΪ_________________¡£
¢ÚNCl3ÔÚNaOHÈÜÒºÖÐË®½âÉú³ÉN2£¬NaClOºÍNaCl£¬Æ仯ѧ·½³ÌʽΪ______________¡£
¢ÛNCl3ÓëNaClO2°´ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±È1¡Ã6»ìºÏ£¬ÔÚÈÜÒºÖÐÇ¡ºÃ·´Ó¦Éú³ÉClO2ºÍ°±£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ___________________¡£
£¨3£©ÓÐÏÂÁÐÁ½ÖÖ·½·¨ÖƱ¸ClO2£º
·½·¨Ò»£º2NaClO3+4HCl=2ClO2¡ü+Cl2¡ü+2NaCl+2H2O
·½·¨¶þ£º2NaClO3+H2O2+H2SO4=2ClO2¡ü+Na2SO4+O2¡ü+2H2O
Ó÷½·¨¶þÖƱ¸µÄClO2¸üÊʺÏÓÃÓÚÒûÓÃË®Ïû¶¾£¬ÆäÖ÷ÒªÔÒòÊÇ_______________¡£
£¨4£©µç½â»ñµÃNCl3ÈÜÒºµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ__________________¡£
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿2ClO2+10I-+8H+=2Cl-+5I2+4H2O 2£º1 +1 NH2Cl+2H2O NH3¡¤H2O+HClO 2NCl3+6NaOH=N2¡ü+3NaCl+3NaClO+3H3O NCl3+6ClO-+3H2O=6ClO2¡ü+NH3¡ü+3Cl-+3OH- ÖƱ¸µÄClO2Öв»º¬Cl2£¬²»»á²úÉú¶ÔÈËÌåÓÐDZÔÚΣº¦µÄÓлúÂÈ´úÎï NH4Cl+2HCl 3H2¡ü+NCl3
¡¾½âÎö¡¿
£¨1£©¢ÙÓÉͼ¿ÉÖª£¬pH¡Ü2ʱ£¬ClO2ÓëI£·´Ó¦Éú³ÉI2¡¢Cl-ºÍH2O£»
¢ÚÓÉͼ¿ÉÖª£¬ÖÐÐÔÈÜÒºÖÐClO2ÓëMn2+·´Ó¦Éú³ÉMnO2ºÍClO2-£»NH2ClÔÚÈÜÒºÖлºÂý·¢ÉúË®½âÉú³ÉһˮºÏ°±ºÍ´ÎÂÈË᣻
£¨2£©¢ÙÓÉNCl3µÄË®½â²úÎïÓÐNHCl2¡¢NH2Cl¿ÉÖª£¬·Ö×ÓÖеªÔªËسÊ-3¼Û£¬ÂÈÔªËسÊ+1¼Û£»
¢ÚNCl3ÔÚNaOHÈÜÒºÖÐË®½âÉú³ÉN2£¬NaClOºÍNaCl£¬·´Ó¦ÖеªÔªËر»Ñõ»¯£¬ÂÈÔªËز¿·Ö±»»¹Ô£»
¢ÛÓÉNCl3ÓëNaClO2°´ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±È1¡Ã6»ìºÏ£¬ÔÚÈÜÒºÖÐÇ¡ºÃ·´Ó¦Éú³ÉClO2ºÍ°±¿ÉÖª£¬·´Ó¦ÖÐ+3¼ÛÂÈÔªËØʧµç×Ó±»Ñõ»¯Éú³ÉClO2£¬+1¼ÛÂÈÔªËصõç×Ó±»»¹ÔÉú³ÉCl-£»
£¨4£©ÓÉÌâ¸øÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÖªCl2ÔÚË®´¦Àí¹ý³ÌÖлá²úÉú¶ÔÈËÌåÓÐDZÔÚΣº¦µÄÓлúÂÈ´úÎÓ÷½·¨¶þÖƱ¸µÄClO2Öв»º¬Cl2£»
£¨5£©ÒÔ¶èÐԵ缫µç½âÑÎËáºÍNH4ClµÄ»ìºÏÈÜÒº»ñµÃNCl3ÈÜҺʱ£¬ÂÈÀë×ÓÔÚÑô¼«Ê§µç×Ó·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦Éú³ÉNCl3£¬ÇâÀë×ÓÔÚÒõ¼«µÃµç×Ó·¢Éú»¹Ô·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÇâÆø¡£
£¨1£©¢ÙÓÉͼ¿ÉÖª£¬pH¡Ü2ʱ£¬ClO2ÓëI-·´Ó¦Éú³ÉI2¡¢Cl-ºÍH2O£¬·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ2ClO2+10I-+8H+=2Cl-+5I2+4H2O£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª2ClO2+10I-+8H+=2Cl-+5I2+4H2O£»
¢ÚÓÉͼ¿ÉÖª£¬ÖÐÐÔÈÜÒºÖÐClO2ÓëMn2+·´Ó¦Éú³ÉMnO2ºÍClO2-£¬ÓɵÃʧµç×ÓÊýÄ¿Êغã¿ÉÖª£¬ClO2Ñõ»¯Mn2+Éú³ÉMnO2µÄ·´Ó¦ÖÐÓÐÈçϹØϵn(ClO2)=2n(Mn2+)£¬ÔòÑõ»¯¼ÁºÍ»¹Ô¼ÁµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ2:1£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª2:1£»
£¨2£©¢ÙNCl3Ϊ¹²¼Û»¯ºÏÎÓÉNCl3µÄË®½â²úÎïÓÐNHCl2¡¢NH2Cl¿ÉÖª£¬·Ö×ÓÖеªÔªËسʡª3¼Û£¬ÂÈÔªËسÊ+1¼Û£¬µç×ÓʽΪ£»NH2ClÔÚÈÜÒºÖлºÂý·¢ÉúË®½âÉú³ÉһˮºÏ°±ºÍ´ÎÂÈËᣬˮ½â·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪNH2Cl+2H2O NH3¡¤H2O+HClO£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£»+1£»NH2Cl+2H2O NH3¡¤H2O+HClO£»
¢ÚNCl3ÔÚNaOHÈÜÒºÖÐË®½âÉú³ÉN2£¬NaClOºÍNaCl£¬·´Ó¦ÖеªÔªËر»Ñõ»¯£¬ÂÈÔªËز¿·Ö±»»¹Ô£¬·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ2NCl3+6NaOH=N2¡ü+3NaCl+3NaClO+3H3O£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª2NCl3+6NaOH=N2¡ü+3NaCl+3NaClO+3H3O£»
¢ÛÓÉNCl3ÓëNaClO2°´ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±È1¡Ã6»ìºÏ£¬ÔÚÈÜÒºÖÐÇ¡ºÃ·´Ó¦Éú³ÉClO2ºÍ°±¿ÉÖª£¬·´Ó¦ÖÐ+3¼ÛÂÈÔªËØʧµç×Ó±»Ñõ»¯Éú³ÉClO2£¬+1¼ÛÂÈÔªËصõç×Ó±»»¹ÔÉú³ÉCl-£¬·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪNCl3+6ClO2-+3H2O=6ClO2¡ü+NH3¡ü+3Cl-+3OH-£¬¹Ê´ð°¸ÎªNCl3+6ClO-+3H2O=6ClO2¡ü+NH3¡ü+3Cl-+3OH-£»
£¨4£©ÓÉÌâ¸øÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÖªCl2ÔÚË®´¦Àí¹ý³ÌÖлá²úÉú¶ÔÈËÌåÓÐDZÔÚΣº¦µÄÓлúÂÈ´úÎÓ÷½·¨¶þÖƱ¸µÄClO2Öв»º¬Cl2£¬²»»á²úÉú¶ÔÈËÌåÓÐDZÔÚΣº¦µÄÓлúÂÈ´úÎ¹ÊÑ¡Ôñ·½·¨¶þ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸ÎªÖƱ¸µÄClO2Öв»º¬Cl2£¬²»»á²úÉú¶ÔÈËÌåÓÐDZÔÚΣº¦µÄÓлúÂÈ´úÎ
£¨5£©ÒÔ¶èÐԵ缫µç½âÑÎËáºÍNH4ClµÄ»ìºÏÈÜÒº»ñµÃNCl3ÈÜҺʱ£¬ÂÈÀë×ÓÔÚÑô¼«Ê§µç×Ó·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦Éú³ÉNCl3£¬ÇâÀë×ÓÔÚÒõ¼«µÃµç×Ó·¢Éú»¹Ô·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÇâÆø£¬µç½â·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪNH4Cl+2HCl 3H2¡ü+NCl3£¬¹Ê´ð°¸ÎªNH4Cl+2HCl 3H2¡ü+NCl3¡£
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿Çë°´ÒªÇó»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©´¿Ë®ÔÚ100¡æʱpH£½6£¬¸ÃζÈÏÂ1mol¡¤L-1µÄNaOHÈÜÒºÖУ¬ÓÉË®µçÀë³öµÄc(OH£)=__mol¡¤L-1¡£
£¨2£©25¡æʱ£¬ÏòË®µÄµçÀëƽºâÌåϵÖмÓÈëÉÙÁ¿Ì¼ËáÄƹÌÌ壬µÃµ½pHΪ11µÄÈÜÒº£¬ÆäË®½âµÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ__£¬ÓÉË®µçÀë³öµÄc(OH£)£½___mol¡¤L£1¡£
£¨3£©Ìå»ý¾ùΪ100 mL¡¢pH¾ùΪ2µÄCH3COOHÓëÒ»ÔªËáHX£¬¼ÓˮϡÊ͹ý³ÌÖÐpHÓëÈÜÒºÌå»ýµÄ¹ØϵÈçͼËùʾ£¬ÔòHXµÄµçÀë³£Êý___(Ìî¡°´óÓÚ¡±¡°Ð¡ÓÚ¡±»ò¡°µÈÓÚ¡±)CH3COOHµÄµçÀë³£Êý¡£ÀíÓÉÊÇ___¡£
£¨4£©µçÀë³£ÊýÊǺâÁ¿Èõµç½âÖʵçÀë³Ì¶ÈÇ¿ÈõµÄÎïÀíÁ¿¡£ÒÑÖª£º
»¯Ñ§Ê½ | µçÀë³£Êý(25¡æ) |
HCN | K£½4.9¡Á10£10 |
CH3COOH | K£½1.8¡Á10£5 |
H2CO3 | K1£½4.3¡Á10£7¡¢K2£½5.6¡Á10£11 |
¢Ù25¡æʱ£¬ÓеÈpHµÄa.NaCNÈÜÒº¡¢b.Na2CO3ÈÜÒººÍc.CH3COONaÈÜÒº£¬ÈýÈÜÒºµÄŨ¶ÈÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòΪ___¡£(ÓÃa¡¢b¡¢c±íʾ)
¢ÚÏòNaCNÈÜÒºÖÐͨÈëÉÙÁ¿µÄCO2£¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ___¡£
¢Û25¡æʱ£¬µÈŨ¶ÈµÄHCNºÍNaCN»ìºÏÈÜÒºÏÔ___ÐÔ¡££¨Ëá¡¢¼î¡¢ÖУ©
£¨5£©ÊÒÎÂʱ£¬Ïò100mL0.1mol/LNH4HSO4ÈÜÒºÖеμÓ0.1mol/LNaOHÈÜÒº£¬µÃµ½ÈÜÒºpHÓëNaOHÈÜÒºÌå»ýµÄ¹ØϵÇúÏßÈçͼËùʾ£º
ÊÔ·ÖÎöͼÖÐa¡¢b¡¢c¡¢dËĸöµã£¬Ë®µÄµçÀë³Ì¶È×î´óµÄÊÇ__£»ÔÚbµã£¬ÈÜÒºÖи÷Àë×ÓŨ¶ÈÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄÅÅÁÐ˳ÐòÊÇ__¡£