ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
ÎïÖʵÄת»¯¹ØϵÈçͼ1Ëùʾ£¨Óеķ´Ó¦¿ÉÄÜÔÚË®ÈÜÒºÖнøÐУ©£®ÆäÖм×Ϊµ»ÆÉ«¹ÌÌ廯ºÏÎÒÒΪ½ðÊôµ¥ÖÊ£¬GΪËᣬÒÒÔÚGµÄŨÈÜÒºÖз¢Éú¶Û»¯£¬ÓÃÁ½¸ù²£Á§°ô·Ö±ðպȡ»¯ºÏÎïA¡¢GµÄŨÈÜÒº²¢Ê¹ËüÃǽӽü£¬ÓдóÁ¿°×ÑÌÉú³É£®Çë»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
Çë»Ø´ðЩÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©Ð´³ö¼×µÄµç×ÓʽÊÇ£®
£¨2£©Ð´³ö·´Ó¦¢ñµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ
£¨3£©AÈÜÓÚË®µÃµ½µÃµ½ÈÜÒºX£¬ÔÚ25¡æÏ£¬½«a mol?L-1µÄXÓëb mol?L-1µÄGÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ£¬ÈÜÒºÏÔÖÐÐÔ£¬ÔòËùµÃÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòΪ
£¨4£©¹¤ÒµÉϲÉÓõÄÒ»ÖÖÎÛË®´¦Àí·½·¨ÊÇ£º±£³ÖÎÛË®µÄpHÔÚ5.0-6.0Ö®¼ä£¬Í¨¹ýÈçͼ2×°Öô¦ÀíÎÛË®£®
¢Ùµç½â³ØÑô¼«·¢ÉúÁËÁ½¸öµç¼«·´Ó¦£¬ÆäÖÐÒ»¸ö·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÒ»ÖÖÎÞÉ«ÆøÌ壬ÔòÑô¼«µÄµç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½·Ö±ðÊÇ£º
¢ñ£®
¢ÚΪÁËʹ¸ÃȼÁϵç³Ø³¤Ê±¼äÎȶ¨ÔËÐУ¬µç³ØµÄµç½âÖÊ×é³ÉÓ¦±£³ÖÎȶ¨£¬µç³Ø¹¤×÷ʱ±ØÐëÓв¿·ÖAÎïÖʲμÓÑ»·£¨¼ûÉÏͼ£©£®AÎïÖʵĻ¯Ñ§Ê½ÊÇ
Çë»Ø´ðЩÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©Ð´³ö¼×µÄµç×ÓʽÊÇ£®
£¨2£©Ð´³ö·´Ó¦¢ñµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ
4NH3+5O2
4NO+6H2O
| ||
¡÷ |
4NH3+5O2
4NO+6H2O
£®
| ||
¡÷ |
£¨3£©AÈÜÓÚË®µÃµ½µÃµ½ÈÜÒºX£¬ÔÚ25¡æÏ£¬½«a mol?L-1µÄXÓëb mol?L-1µÄGÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ£¬ÈÜÒºÏÔÖÐÐÔ£¬ÔòËùµÃÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòΪ
c£¨NO3-£©=c£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©=c£¨H+£©
c£¨NO3-£©=c£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©=c£¨H+£©
Óú¬aºÍbµÄ´úÊýʽ±íʾ³ö¸Ã»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖÐXµÄµçÀëƽºâ³£Êýk=
b¡Á10-7 |
a-b |
k=
£®b¡Á10-7 |
a-b |
£¨4£©¹¤ÒµÉϲÉÓõÄÒ»ÖÖÎÛË®´¦Àí·½·¨ÊÇ£º±£³ÖÎÛË®µÄpHÔÚ5.0-6.0Ö®¼ä£¬Í¨¹ýÈçͼ2×°Öô¦ÀíÎÛË®£®
¢Ùµç½â³ØÑô¼«·¢ÉúÁËÁ½¸öµç¼«·´Ó¦£¬ÆäÖÐÒ»¸ö·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÒ»ÖÖÎÞÉ«ÆøÌ壬ÔòÑô¼«µÄµç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½·Ö±ðÊÇ£º
¢ñ£®
Al-3e-=Al3+
Al-3e-=Al3+
£»¢ò£®4OH--4e-=2H2O+O2¡ü
4OH--4e-=2H2O+O2¡ü
£®¢ÚΪÁËʹ¸ÃȼÁϵç³Ø³¤Ê±¼äÎȶ¨ÔËÐУ¬µç³ØµÄµç½âÖÊ×é³ÉÓ¦±£³ÖÎȶ¨£¬µç³Ø¹¤×÷ʱ±ØÐëÓв¿·ÖAÎïÖʲμÓÑ»·£¨¼ûÉÏͼ£©£®AÎïÖʵĻ¯Ñ§Ê½ÊÇ
CO2
CO2
£®·ÖÎö£º¼×Ϊµ»ÆÉ«¹ÌÌ廯ºÏÎӦΪNa2O2£¬ÓÃÁ½¸ù²£Á§°ô·Ö±ðպȡ»¯ºÏÎïA¡¢GµÄŨÈÜÒº²¢Ê¹ËüÃǽӽü£¬ÓдóÁ¿°×ÑÌÉú³É£¬ËµÃ÷AӦΪNH3£¬ÔòCΪNO£¬BΪH2O£¬EΪNO2£¬GΪHNO3£¬ÒÒÔÚGµÄŨÈÜÒºÖз¢Éú¶Û»¯£¬Ó¦ÎªAl£¬Éú³ÉFΪNaAlO2£¬¸ù¾ÝÎïÖʵÄÐÔÖʽáºÏÌâÄ¿µÄÒªÇó¿É½â´ð¸ÃÌ⣮
½â´ð£º½â£º¼×Ϊµ»ÆÉ«¹ÌÌ廯ºÏÎӦΪNa2O2£¬ÓÃÁ½¸ù²£Á§°ô·Ö±ðպȡ»¯ºÏÎïA¡¢GµÄŨÈÜÒº²¢Ê¹ËüÃǽӽü£¬ÓдóÁ¿°×ÑÌÉú³É£¬ËµÃ÷AӦΪNH3£¬ÔòCΪNO£¬BΪH2O£¬EΪNO2£¬GΪHNO3£¬ÒÒÔÚGµÄŨÈÜÒºÖз¢Éú¶Û»¯£¬Ó¦ÎªAl£¬Éú³ÉFΪNaAlO2£¬
£¨1£©ÓÉÒÔÉÏ·ÖÎö¿ÉÖª¼×ΪNa2O2£¬ÎªÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎµç×ÓʽΪ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£»
£¨2£©·´Ó¦¢ñΪ°±ÆøµÄ´ß»¯Ñõ»¯·´Ó¦£¬·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ4NH3+5O2
4NO+6H2O£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º4NH3+5O2
4NO+6H2O£»
£¨3£©AΪNH3£¬GΪHNO3£¬ÈÜÒº»ìºÏºó´æÔÚµçºÉÊغ㣺c£¨NO3-£©+c£¨OH-£©=c£¨NH4+£©+c£¨H+£©£¬ÒòpH=7£¬Ôòc£¨OH-£©=c£¨H+£©¡¢c£¨NO3-£©=c£¨NH4+£©£¬ÖÐÐÔÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨OH-£©¡¢c£¨H+£©½ÏС£¬Ôòc£¨NO3-£©=c£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©=c£¨H+£©£¬
·´Ó¦ºóÊ£Óàn£¨NH3?H2O£©=£¨a-b£©mol£¬n£¨NH4+£©=n£¨NO3-£©=bmol£¬c£¨OH-£©=10-7mol/L£¬
Ôòk=
=
=
£¨¼Ù¶¨»ìºÏºóÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ýΪV£©£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºc£¨NO3-£©=c£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©=c£¨H+£©£»k=
£»
£¨4£©¢Ùµç½â³ØÑô¼«ÎªAl£¬·¢ÉúÁËÁ½¸öµç¼«·´Ó¦£¬ÆäÖÐÒ»¸ö·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÒ»ÖÖÎÞÉ«ÆøÌ壬ӦÉú³ÉO2£¬
µç¼«·½³Ìʽ·Ö±ðΪAl-3e-=Al3+¡¢4OH--4e-=2H2O+O2¡ü£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºAl-3e-=Al3+£» 4OH--4e-=2H2O+O2¡ü£»
¢Ú¸º¼«µç¼«·½³ÌʽΪCH4-8e-+4CO32-=5CO2+2H2O£¬Õý¼«Îª2O2+4CO2+8e-=4CO32-£¬¿ÉÑ»·ÀûÓõÄΪCO2£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCO2£®
£¨1£©ÓÉÒÔÉÏ·ÖÎö¿ÉÖª¼×ΪNa2O2£¬ÎªÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎµç×ÓʽΪ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£»
£¨2£©·´Ó¦¢ñΪ°±ÆøµÄ´ß»¯Ñõ»¯·´Ó¦£¬·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ4NH3+5O2
| ||
¡÷ |
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º4NH3+5O2
| ||
¡÷ |
£¨3£©AΪNH3£¬GΪHNO3£¬ÈÜÒº»ìºÏºó´æÔÚµçºÉÊغ㣺c£¨NO3-£©+c£¨OH-£©=c£¨NH4+£©+c£¨H+£©£¬ÒòpH=7£¬Ôòc£¨OH-£©=c£¨H+£©¡¢c£¨NO3-£©=c£¨NH4+£©£¬ÖÐÐÔÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨OH-£©¡¢c£¨H+£©½ÏС£¬Ôòc£¨NO3-£©=c£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©=c£¨H+£©£¬
·´Ó¦ºóÊ£Óàn£¨NH3?H2O£©=£¨a-b£©mol£¬n£¨NH4+£©=n£¨NO3-£©=bmol£¬c£¨OH-£©=10-7mol/L£¬
Ôòk=
c(NH4+)c(OH-) |
c(NH3?H2O) |
| ||
|
b¡Á10-7 |
a-b |
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºc£¨NO3-£©=c£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©=c£¨H+£©£»k=
b¡Á10-7 |
a-b |
£¨4£©¢Ùµç½â³ØÑô¼«ÎªAl£¬·¢ÉúÁËÁ½¸öµç¼«·´Ó¦£¬ÆäÖÐÒ»¸ö·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÒ»ÖÖÎÞÉ«ÆøÌ壬ӦÉú³ÉO2£¬
µç¼«·½³Ìʽ·Ö±ðΪAl-3e-=Al3+¡¢4OH--4e-=2H2O+O2¡ü£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºAl-3e-=Al3+£» 4OH--4e-=2H2O+O2¡ü£»
¢Ú¸º¼«µç¼«·½³ÌʽΪCH4-8e-+4CO32-=5CO2+2H2O£¬Õý¼«Îª2O2+4CO2+8e-=4CO32-£¬¿ÉÑ»·ÀûÓõÄΪCO2£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCO2£®
µãÆÀ£º±¾ÌâÄ¿ÒÔÎÞ»úÎïµÄÍƶÏΪÔØÌ壬×ۺϿ¼²éÈõµç½âÖʵĵçÀëÒÔ¼°µç»¯Ñ§ÖªÊ¶£¬Ò×´íµãΪ£¨3£©£¬×¢ÒâµçÀëƽºâ³£¼ûµÄ¼ÆË㣬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿