ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
ʳÑÎÊÇÈÕ³£Éú»îµÄ±ØÐèÆ·£¬Ò²ÊÇÖØÒªµÄ»¯¹¤ÔÁÏ£®£¨1£©´ÖʳÑγ£º¬ÓÐÉÙÁ¿K+¡¢Ca2+¡¢Mg2+¡¢Fe3+¡¢SO42-µÈÔÓÖÊÀë×Ó£¬ÊµÑéÊÒÌá´¿NaClµÄÁ÷³ÌÈçͼ1£º
ÌṩµÄÊÔ¼Á£º±¥ºÍNa2CO3ÈÜÒº¡¢±¥ºÍK2CO3ÈÜÒº¡¢NaOHÈÜÒº¡¢BaCl2ÈÜÒº¡¢Ba£¨NO3£©2ÈÜÒº¡¢ËÄÂÈ»¯Ì¼
£¨1£©¢ÙÓû³ýÈ¥ÈÜÒº¢ñÖеÄCa2+¡¢Mg2+¡¢Fe3+¡¢SO42-Àë×Ó£¬Ñ¡³öaËù´ú±íµÄÊÔ¼Á£¬°´µÎ¼Ó˳ÐòÒÀ´ÎΪ
¢ÚΪÁ˼ìÑéNaCl¾§Ìå±íÃæÊÇ·ñ¸½´øÓÐKCl£¬¿ÉÒÔÑ¡ÔñµÄ·½·¨Îª
£¨2£©ÓÃÌá´¿µÄNaClÅäÖÆ500mL4.00mol?L-1NaClÈÜÒº£¬ËùÓÃÒÇÆ÷³ýÒ©³×¡¢²£Á§°ôÍ⻹ÓеIJ£Á§ÒÇÆ÷
£¨3£©µç½â±¥ºÍʳÑÎË®µÄ×°ÖÃÈçͼ2Ëùʾ£¬ÔÚÒ»¶¨µÄÌõ¼þÏ£¬ÈôÊÕ¼¯µÄH2Ϊ2L£¬ÔòͬÑùÌõ¼þÏÂÊÕ¼¯µÄCl2
£¨4£©ÊµÑéÊÒÖƱ¸H2ºÍCl2ͨ³£²ÉÓÃÏÂÁз´Ó¦£ºZn+H2SO4£¨Ï¡£©¨TZnSO4+H2¡ü£¬MnO2+4HCl£¨Å¨£©
| ||
·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©¢Ù°ÑÔÓÖÊת»¯Îª³Áµí»òÆøÌå³ýÈ¥£¬³ý¸ÆÀë×ÓÓÃ̼Ëá¸ùÀë×Ó£¬³ýÌúÀë×Ó¡¢Ã¾Àë×ÓÓÃÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×Ó£¬³ýÁòËá¸ùÀë×ÓÓñµÀë×Ó£¬Òª×¢Òâ³ýÔÓÖʵÄ˳Ðò£¬ºó¼ÓµÄÊÔ¼ÁÐèÄÜ°ÑÇ°ÃæÏȼÓÊǹýÁ¿ÊÔ¼Á³ýµô£»¢Ú¼ìÑéÏ´µÓÒºÖÐÊÇ·ñÓмØÀë×Ó£»
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝÅäÖÆÈÜÒºµÄ²½Öè²Ù×÷Ñ¡ÔñËùÓÃÒÇÆ÷£»
£¨3£©¸ù¾Ýµç½â±¥ºÍʳÑÎˮʱµÄ²úÎïÒÔ¼°ÂÈÆøºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵķ´Ó¦À´»Ø´ð£»
£¨4£©ÊµÑéÊÒÖвÉÓýðÊôпºÍËá·´Ó¦À´»ñµÃÇâÆø£¬ÀûÓöþÑõ»¯Ã̺ÍŨÑÎËá¼ÓÈÈÀ´»ñµÃÂÈÆø£¬¾Ý´Ë½áºÏ×°ÖÃÌصã½â´ð£»
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝÅäÖÆÈÜÒºµÄ²½Öè²Ù×÷Ñ¡ÔñËùÓÃÒÇÆ÷£»
£¨3£©¸ù¾Ýµç½â±¥ºÍʳÑÎˮʱµÄ²úÎïÒÔ¼°ÂÈÆøºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵķ´Ó¦À´»Ø´ð£»
£¨4£©ÊµÑéÊÒÖвÉÓýðÊôпºÍËá·´Ó¦À´»ñµÃÇâÆø£¬ÀûÓöþÑõ»¯Ã̺ÍŨÑÎËá¼ÓÈÈÀ´»ñµÃÂÈÆø£¬¾Ý´Ë½áºÏ×°ÖÃÌصã½â´ð£»
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©¢Ù³ýÈ¥´ÖÑÎÖеĿÉÈÜÐÔÔÓÖÊ£ºCa2+¡¢Mg2+¡¢Fe3+¡¢SO42-Àë×Óʱ£¬¿ÉÒÔ¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿NaOH£¨È¥³ýþÀë×ÓºÍÌúÀë×Ó£©£ºMg2++2OH-=Mg£¨OH£©2¡ý£¬Fe3++3OH-¨TFe£¨OH£©3¡ý£»¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿BaCl2£¨È¥³ýÁòËá¸ùÀë×Ó£©£ºSO42-+Ba2+=BaSO4¡ý£»¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿Na2CO3£¨È¥³ý¸ÆÀë×ӵĶàÓàµÄ±µÀë×Ó£©£ºCa2++CO32-=CaCO3¡ý£¬Ì¼ËáÄƱØÐë¼ÓÔÚÂÈ»¯±µÖ®ºó£¬·ñÔò»áÒýÈëBa2+£¬ÇâÑõ»¯ÄƺÍÂÈ»¯±µ¿ÉÒԵߵ¹¼ÓÈëµÄ˳Ðò£¬
ËùÒÔÆäµÎ¼Ó˳ÐòÊÇBaCl2¡¢NaOH¡¢NaCO3£¬£¨»òNaOH£¬BaCl2£¬Na2CO3£©£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBaCl2£¬NaOH£¬Na2CO3£¨»òNaOH£¬BaCl2£¬Na2CO3£©£»
¢Ú¼ìÑéÏ´µÓÒºÖÐÊÇ·ñÓмØÀë×Ó£¬¿ÉÓøɾ»²¬Ë¿È¡×îºóÒ»´ÎÏ´µÓÒºÔھƾ«µÆÉÏ×ÆÉÕ£¬Í¸¹ýÀ¶É«îܲ£Á§£¬Èç²»³öÏÖµ×ÏÉ«»ðÑ棬Ôò˵Ã÷ÒÑÏ´¾»£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÍ¸¹ýÀ¶É«îܲ£Á§¹Û²âµ½ÑæɫΪµ×ÏÉ«Ö¤Ã÷ÓÐÂÈ»¯¼Ø´æÔÚ£»
£¨2£©ÅäÖÆ500mL4.00mol?L-1NaClÈÜÒº£¬²Ù×÷²½ÖèÓмÆËã¡¢³ÆÁ¿¡¢Èܽ⡢ÒÆÒº¡¢Ï´µÓÒÆÒº¡¢¶¨ÈÝ¡¢Ò¡ÔȵȲÙ×÷£¬Ò»°ãÓÃÍÐÅÌÌìƽ³ÆÁ¿£¬ÓÃÒ©³×È¡ÓÃÒ©Æ·£¬ÔÚÉÕ±ÖÐÈܽ⣬Óò£Á§°ô½Á°è£¬¼ÓËÙÈܽ⣬»Ö¸´ÊÒκóתÒƵ½500mLÈÝÁ¿Æ¿ÖУ¬²¢Óò£Á§°ôÒýÁ÷£¬Ï´µÓ2-3´Î£¬²¢½«Ï´µÓÒºÒÆÈëÈÝÁ¿Æ¿ÖУ¬µ±¼ÓË®ÖÁÒºÃæ¾àÀë¿Ì¶ÈÏß1¡«2cmʱ£¬¸ÄÓýºÍ·µÎ¹ÜµÎ¼Ó£¬×îºó¶¨Èݵߵ¹Ò¡ÔÈ£¬ËùÒÔÐèÒªµÄÒÇÆ÷ÓÐÍÐÅÌÌìƽ¡¢ÉÕ±¡¢²£Á§°ô¡¢500mlµÄÈÝÁ¿Æ¿¡¢½ºÍ·µÎ¹Ü¡¢Ò©³×£¬Ê¹Óû¹ÐèÒªÉÕ±¡¢500mlµÄÈÝÁ¿Æ¿¡¢½ºÍ·µÎ¹Ü£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÉÕ±¡¢500mLÈÝÁ¿Æ¿¡¢½ºÍ·µÎ¹Ü£»
£¨3£©µç½â±¥ºÍʳÑÎË®µÄ·´Ó¦£º2NaCl+2H2O
2NaOH+Cl2¡ü+H2¡ü£¬ÔÚÒõ¼¶ÇøÄÚ²úÉúµÄCl2ÄÜÓë¸ÃÇøÉú³ÉµÄNaOH·´Ó¦NaCl¡¢NaClOºÍH2O£¬Ê¹µÃ²¿·ÖµÄCl2±»ÏûºÄ£¬ËùÒÔͬÑùÌõ¼þÏÂÊÕ¼¯µ½µÄCl2СÓÚ2L£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¼£»µç½âÉú³ÉµÄÂÈÆøÓëµç½âÉú³ÉµÄNaOH·¢ÉúÁË·´Ó¦£»
£¨4£©ÊµÑéÊÒÖвÉÓýðÊôпºÍËá²»¼ÓÈÈ·´Ó¦À´»ñµÃÇâÆø£¬¹ÊÑ¡Ôñ×°ÖÃe£¬ÀûÓöþÑõ»¯Ã̺ÍŨÑÎËá¼ÓÈÈÀ´»ñµÃÂÈÆø£¬ÆäÖеÄÔÓÖÊÂÈ»¯Çâ¿ÉÒÔ¼Ó±¥ºÍʳÑÎË®À´³ý£¬ÔÓÖÊË®¿ÉÒÔ²ÉÓÃŨÁòËáÀ´³ýÈ¥£¬ÓÃÏòÉÏÅÅ¿ÕÆø·¨ÊÕ¼¯£¬¿ÉÒÔÑ¡Ôñ×°ÖÃd£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºe£»d
ËùÒÔÆäµÎ¼Ó˳ÐòÊÇBaCl2¡¢NaOH¡¢NaCO3£¬£¨»òNaOH£¬BaCl2£¬Na2CO3£©£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBaCl2£¬NaOH£¬Na2CO3£¨»òNaOH£¬BaCl2£¬Na2CO3£©£»
¢Ú¼ìÑéÏ´µÓÒºÖÐÊÇ·ñÓмØÀë×Ó£¬¿ÉÓøɾ»²¬Ë¿È¡×îºóÒ»´ÎÏ´µÓÒºÔھƾ«µÆÉÏ×ÆÉÕ£¬Í¸¹ýÀ¶É«îܲ£Á§£¬Èç²»³öÏÖµ×ÏÉ«»ðÑ棬Ôò˵Ã÷ÒÑÏ´¾»£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÍ¸¹ýÀ¶É«îܲ£Á§¹Û²âµ½ÑæɫΪµ×ÏÉ«Ö¤Ã÷ÓÐÂÈ»¯¼Ø´æÔÚ£»
£¨2£©ÅäÖÆ500mL4.00mol?L-1NaClÈÜÒº£¬²Ù×÷²½ÖèÓмÆËã¡¢³ÆÁ¿¡¢Èܽ⡢ÒÆÒº¡¢Ï´µÓÒÆÒº¡¢¶¨ÈÝ¡¢Ò¡ÔȵȲÙ×÷£¬Ò»°ãÓÃÍÐÅÌÌìƽ³ÆÁ¿£¬ÓÃÒ©³×È¡ÓÃÒ©Æ·£¬ÔÚÉÕ±ÖÐÈܽ⣬Óò£Á§°ô½Á°è£¬¼ÓËÙÈܽ⣬»Ö¸´ÊÒκóתÒƵ½500mLÈÝÁ¿Æ¿ÖУ¬²¢Óò£Á§°ôÒýÁ÷£¬Ï´µÓ2-3´Î£¬²¢½«Ï´µÓÒºÒÆÈëÈÝÁ¿Æ¿ÖУ¬µ±¼ÓË®ÖÁÒºÃæ¾àÀë¿Ì¶ÈÏß1¡«2cmʱ£¬¸ÄÓýºÍ·µÎ¹ÜµÎ¼Ó£¬×îºó¶¨Èݵߵ¹Ò¡ÔÈ£¬ËùÒÔÐèÒªµÄÒÇÆ÷ÓÐÍÐÅÌÌìƽ¡¢ÉÕ±¡¢²£Á§°ô¡¢500mlµÄÈÝÁ¿Æ¿¡¢½ºÍ·µÎ¹Ü¡¢Ò©³×£¬Ê¹Óû¹ÐèÒªÉÕ±¡¢500mlµÄÈÝÁ¿Æ¿¡¢½ºÍ·µÎ¹Ü£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÉÕ±¡¢500mLÈÝÁ¿Æ¿¡¢½ºÍ·µÎ¹Ü£»
£¨3£©µç½â±¥ºÍʳÑÎË®µÄ·´Ó¦£º2NaCl+2H2O
| ||
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¼£»µç½âÉú³ÉµÄÂÈÆøÓëµç½âÉú³ÉµÄNaOH·¢ÉúÁË·´Ó¦£»
£¨4£©ÊµÑéÊÒÖвÉÓýðÊôпºÍËá²»¼ÓÈÈ·´Ó¦À´»ñµÃÇâÆø£¬¹ÊÑ¡Ôñ×°ÖÃe£¬ÀûÓöþÑõ»¯Ã̺ÍŨÑÎËá¼ÓÈÈÀ´»ñµÃÂÈÆø£¬ÆäÖеÄÔÓÖÊÂÈ»¯Çâ¿ÉÒÔ¼Ó±¥ºÍʳÑÎË®À´³ý£¬ÔÓÖÊË®¿ÉÒÔ²ÉÓÃŨÁòËáÀ´³ýÈ¥£¬ÓÃÏòÉÏÅÅ¿ÕÆø·¨ÊÕ¼¯£¬¿ÉÒÔÑ¡Ôñ×°ÖÃd£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºe£»d
µãÆÀ£º±¾ÌâÖ÷Òª¿¼²éÁË´ÖÑÎÌá´¿¹ý³ÌÖеijýÔÓ¡¢ÈÜÒºµÄÅäÖÆ¡¢µç½âʳÑÎË®µÈ·½ÃæµÄ֪ʶ£¬×ÛºÏÐÔÇ¿£¬×¢Òâ³ýÔÓÖʵÄ˳Ðò£¬²»ÒªÒýÈëеÄÔÓÖÊ£¬ÕÆÎÕÈÜÒºµÄÅäÖÆ·½·¨ºÍµç½âÔÀíÊǽâ´ðµÄ¹Ø¼ü£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿