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¢ÙÆû³µÅųöµÄβÆøÖк¬ÓÐCOºÍNOµÈÆøÌå,Óû¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ½âÊͲúÉúNOµÄÔÒò ¡£
¢ÚÆû³µÅÅÆø¹ÜÄÚ°²×°µÄ´ß»¯×ª»¯Æ÷,¿ÉʹÆû³µÎ²ÆøÖеÄÖ÷ÒªÎÛȾÎïת»¯ÎªÎÞ¶¾µÄ´óÆøÑ»·ÎïÖÊ¡£ÒÑÖª:
N2(g)+O2(g)="2NO(g)" ¦¤H="+180.5" kJ/mol
2C(s)+O2(g)="2CO(g)" ¦¤H="-221.0" kJ/mol
C(s)+O2(g)=CO2(g) ¦¤H="-393.5" kJ/mol
Ôò·´Ó¦2NO(g)+2CO(g)=N2(g)+2CO2(g)µÄ¦¤H= kJ/mol¡£
(2)Ö±½ÓÅŷŵªÑõ»¯Îï»áÐγÉËáÓê¡¢Îíö²,´ß»¯»¹Ô·¨ºÍÑõ»¯ÎüÊÕ·¨Êdz£ÓõĴ¦Àí·½·¨¡£ÀûÓÃNH3ºÍCH4µÈÆøÌå³ýÈ¥ÑÌÆøÖеĵªÑõ»¯Îï¡£ÒÑÖª:CH4(g)+2O2(g)=CO2(g)+2H2O(l) ¦¤H1="a" kJ/mol;Óû¼ÆËã·´Ó¦CH4(g)+4NO(g)=CO2(g)+2H2O(l)+2N2(g)µÄìʱ䦤H2Ôò»¹ÐèÒª²éѯij·´Ó¦µÄìʱ䦤H3,µ±·´Ó¦Öи÷ÎïÖʵĻ¯Ñ§¼ÆÁ¿ÊýÖ®±ÈΪ×î¼òÕûÊý±Èʱ,¦¤H3="b" kJ/mol,¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÊÇ ,¾Ý´Ë¼ÆËã³ö¦¤H2= kJ/mol(Óú¬a¡¢bµÄʽ×Ó±íʾ)¡£
(3)ϱíÁгöÁ˹¤ÒµÉÏÎüÊÕSO2µÄÈýÖÖ·½·¨¡£
·½·¨¢ñ | Óð±Ë®½«SO2ת»¯(NH4)2SO3,ÔÙÑõ»¯³É(NH4)2SO4 |
·½·¨¢ò | ÓÃÉúÎïÖÊÈȽâÆø(Ö÷Òª³É·ÖCO¡¢CH4¡¢H2)½«SO2ÔÚ¸ßÎÂÏ»¹Ô³Éµ¥ÖÊÁò |
·½·¨¢ó | ÓÃNa2SO3ÈÜÒºÎüÊÕSO2,ÔÙ¾µç½âת»¯ÎªH2SO4 |
2CO(g)+SO2(g)=S(g)+2CO2(g) ¦¤H="+8.0" kJ/mol
2H2(g)+SO2(g)=S(g)+2H2O(g)¦¤H="+90.4" kJ/mol
2CO(g)+O2(g)=2CO2(g) ¦¤H="-566.0" kJ/mol
2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(g) ¦¤H="-483.6" kJ/mol
ÔòS(g)ÓëO2(g)·´Ó¦Éú³ÉSO2(g)µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ¿É±íʾΪ ¡£
(4)ºÏ³É°±ÓõÄÇâÆø¿ÉÒÔ¼×ÍéΪÔÁÏÖƵá£Óйػ¯Ñ§·´Ó¦µÄÄÜÁ¿±ä»¯ÈçͼËùʾ,ÔòCH4(g)ÓëH2O(g)·´Ó¦Éú³ÉCO(g)ºÍH2(g)µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ ¡£
(1)¢ÙN2+O22NO ¢Ú-746.5
(2)N2(g)+O2(g)="2NO(g)" ¦¤H3="b" kJ/mol a-2b
(3)S(g)+O2(g)=SO2(g) ¦¤H="-574.0" kJ/mol
(4)CH4(g)+H2O(g)=CO(g)+3H2(g)¦¤H="+161.1" kJ/mol
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ÒÑÖª·´Ó¦¢ÙFe(s)+CO2(g)FeO(s)+CO(g)¡¡¦¤H="a" kJ¡¤mol-1,ƽºâ³£ÊýΪK;·´Ó¦¢ÚCO(g)+1/2O2(g)CO2(g)¡¡¦¤H="b" kJ¡¤mol-1;·´Ó¦¢ÛFe2O3(s)+3CO(g)2Fe(s)+3CO2(g)¡¡¦¤H="c" kJ¡¤mol-1¡£²âµÃÔÚ²»Í¬Î¶ÈÏÂ,KÖµÈçÏÂ:
ζÈ/¡æ | 500 | 700 | 900 |
K | 1.00 | 1.47 | 2.40 |
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E.Ôö¼ÓFeµÄÁ¿
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(5)ÓÉ·´Ó¦¢ÙºÍ¢Ú¿ÉÇóµÃ,·´Ó¦2Fe(s)+O2(g)2FeO(s)µÄ¦¤H=¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£
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