ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
£¨10·Ö£©ÊµÑéÊÒÖÐÓÐһδ֪Ũ¶ÈµÄÏ¡ÑÎËᣬijѧÉúΪ²â¶¨ÑÎËáµÄŨ¶ÈÔÚʵÑéÊÒÖнøÐÐÈçÏÂ
ʵÑé¡£ÇëÄãÍê³ÉÏÂÁÐÌî¿Õ£º
²½ÖèÒ»£ºÅäÖÆ100mL 0.10mol/L NaOH±ê×¼ÈÜÒº¡£.
²½Öè¶þ£ºÈ¡20.00mL´ý²âÏ¡ÑÎËá·ÅÈë׶ÐÎÆ¿ÖУ¬²¢µÎ¼Ó2¡«3µÎ·Ó̪ÈÜÒº×÷ָʾ¼Á£¬ÓÃ×Ô¼ºÅäÖƵıê×¼NaOHÈÜÒº½øÐеζ¨¡£Öظ´ÉÏÊöµÎ¶¨²Ù×÷2¡«3´Î£¬¼Ç¼Êý¾ÝÈçÏ¡£
ʵÑé±àºÅ | NaOHÈÜÒºµÄŨ¶È £¨mol/L£© | µÎ¶¨Íê³Éʱ£¬ÏûºÄNaOHÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ý£¨mL£© | ´ý²âÑÎËáÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ý£¨mL£© |
1 | 0.10 | 22.02 | 20.00 |
2 | 0.10 | 22.00 | 20.00 |
3 | 0.10 | 21.98 | 20.00 |
´Ëʱ׶ÐÎÆ¿ÄÚÈÜÒºµÄpHµÄ·¶Î§ÊÇ ¡£
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝÉÏÊöÊý¾Ý£¬¿É¼ÆËã³ö¸ÃÑÎËáµÄŨ¶ÈΪ ¡£
£¨3£©ÅÅÈ¥¼îʽµÎ¶¨¹ÜÖÐÆøÅݵķ½·¨Ó¦²ÉÓÃÏÂͼµÄ ²Ù×÷£¬È»ºóÇáÇἷѹ²£Á§Çòʹ¼â×첿·Ö³äÂú¼îÒº¡£
£¨4£©ÔÚÉÏÊöʵÑéÖУ¬ÏÂÁвÙ×÷£¨ÆäËû²Ù×÷ÕýÈ·£©»áÔì³É²â¶¨½á¹û£¨´ý²âҺŨ¶ÈÖµ£©Æ«¸ßµÄÓÐ £¨¶àÑ¡¿Û·Ö£©£º
A ÅäÖƱê×¼ÈÜÒº¶¨ÈÝʱ£¬¼ÓË®³¬¹ý¿Ì¶È B ׶ÐÎƿˮϴºóÖ±½Ó×°´ý²âÒº
C ËáʽµÎ¶¨¹ÜˮϴºóδÓôý²âÏ¡ÑÎËáÈÜÒºÈóÏ´ D µÎ¶¨µ½´ïÖÕµãʱ£¬ÑöÊÓ¶Á³öµÎ¶¨¹Ü¶ÁÊý£»
E. ¼îʽµÎ¶¨¹Ü¼â×첿·ÖÓÐÆøÅÝ£¬µÎ¶¨ºóÏûʧ
£¨1£©×îºóÒ»µÎNaOHÈÜÒº¼ÓÈëʱ£¬ÈÜÒºÑÕÉ«Ç¡ºÃÓÉÎÞÉ«±äΪdzºìÉ«£¬ÇÒ°ë·ÖÖÓÄÚ²»ÍÊÉ« 8.2¡ª10
£¨2£©0.11mol/L £¨3£©±û £¨4£©A¡¢D¡¢E¡£
½âÎöÊÔÌâ·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©ÓÉÓÚָʾ¼ÁÔÚδ֪Ũ¶ÈµÄËáÈÜÒºÖУ¬¿ªÊ¼ÊÇÎÞÉ«µÄ£¬ËùÒԵζ¨´ïµ½ÖÕµãµÄÏÖÏóÊÇÈÜÒºÓÉÎÞÉ«±äΪdzºìÉ«£¬°ë·ÖÖÓÄÚ²»ÍÊÉ«¡£´Ëʱ׶ÐÎÆ¿ÄÚ·Ó̪ÈÜÒºµÄpHµÄ·¶Î§ÊÇ8.2¡ª10¡££¨2£©V£¨NaOH£©=22.00ml,ÓÉÓÚËá¼îÇ¡ºÃ·´Ó¦Ê±µÄ¹ØϵÊÇ£ºV£¨NaOH£©¡¤C(NaOH)= V£¨HCl£©¡¤C(HCl)£¬ËùÒÔC(HCl)="[" V£¨NaOH£©¡¤C(NaOH)] ¡ÂV£¨HCl£©="22.00ml¡Á0.10mol/L¡Â20.00ml=0.11mol/L;" £¨3£©ÅÅÈ¥¼îʽµÎ¶¨¹ÜÖÐÆøÅݵķ½·¨Ó¦²ÉÓÃÓÒͼµÄ±û×°ÖòÙ×÷£»£¨4£©A. ÅäÖƱê×¼ÈÜÒº¶¨ÈÝʱ£¬¼ÓË®³¬¹ý¿Ì¶È£¬Ôò±ê×¼ÈÜÒºµÄŨ¶ÈƫС£¬ÏûºÄµÄ±ê×¼ÈÜÒºÌå»ýÆ«´ó£¬ËùÒÔʹ²â¶¨µÄ´ý²âÈÜÒºµÄŨ¶ÈÆ«´ó£»ÕýÈ·£»B. ׶ÐÎƿˮϴºóÖ±½Ó×°´ý²âÒº£¬ÓÉÓÚ¼îÒºµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿²»±ä£¬ËùÒÔÏûºÄ±ê×¼ÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ý²»±ä£¬¹ÊÎÞÓ°Ï죬´íÎó£»C. ËáʽµÎ¶¨¹ÜˮϴºóδÓôý²âÏ¡ÑÎËáÈÜÒºÈóÏ´£¬ÔòÔÚ׶ÐÎÆ¿ÖеĴý²âÈÜÒºµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Æ«ÉÙ£¬ÏûºÄµÄ±ê×¼ÈÜÒºÌå»ýƫС£¬Òò´Ë¼ÆËã³öµÄŨ¶È¾ÍÆ«µÍ£¬´íÎó£»D. µÎ¶¨µ½´ïÖÕµãʱ£¬ÑöÊÓ¶Á³öµÎ¶¨¹Ü¶ÁÊý£»Ôò±ê×¼ÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ýÆ«´ó£¬Ê¹´ý²âÈÜÒºµÄŨ¶ÈÆ«´ó£¬ÕýÈ·£»E. ¼îʽµÎ¶¨¹Ü¼â×첿·ÖÓÐÆøÅÝ£¬µÎ¶¨ºóÏûʧ£¬Ôò±ê×¼ÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ýÆ«´ó£¬ËùÒÔʹ´ý²âÈÜÒºµÄŨ¶È¾ÍÆ«´ó£¬ÕýÈ·¡£
¿¼µã£º¿¼²éËá¼îÖк͵樵ÄÖÕµãµÄÅжϡ¢Îó²î·ÖÎö¼°Å¨¶ÈµÄ¼ÆËãµÄ֪ʶ¡£
³£ÎÂÏ£¬ÊµÑéÊÒÓÐ0.01mol?L£1´×ËᣬÏÂÁÐÐðÊöÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®c (CH3COO£) + c (OH£)=" 0.01" mol?L£1 |
B£®ÓëµÈÌå»ýpH = 12µÄ°±Ë®»ìºÏºóËùµÃÈÜÒºÏÔ¼îÐÔ |
C£®¼ÓÈëÉÙÁ¿´×ËáÄƹÌÌåºóËùµÃÈÜÒºÖÐc (CH3COO£)¼õС |
D£®ÓëµÈÌå»ý0.01 mol?L£1NaNO3ÈÜÒº»ìºÏºóÓУºc (NO3£) =" c" (CH3COO£)+c (CH3COOH) |
ÊÒÎÂÏ£¬Ïòamo1¡¤L£1°±Ë®ÖÐÖðµÎ¼ÓÈëÑÎËᣬÏÂÁÐÃèÊö²»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®ÈÜÒºµÄpH¼õС |
B£®Ôö´ó |
C£®Ë®µÄµçÀë³Ì¶ÈÏȼõСºóÔö´ó |
D£®²»±ä |
ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÖдíÎóµÄÊÇ
A£®0.5 L 2 mol¡¤L£1 AlCl3ÈÜÒºÖУ¬Al3£«ºÍCl£×ÜÊýСÓÚ4¡Á6.02¡Á1023¸ö |
B£®ÖƳÉ0.5 L 10 mol¡¤L£1µÄÑÎËᣬÐèÒª±ê×¼×´¿öϵÄÂÈ»¯ÇâÆøÌå112 L |
C£®´Ó1 L 1 mol¡¤L£1µÄNaClÈÜÒºÖÐÒÆÈ¡³ö10 mLÈÜÒº£¬ÆäŨ¶ÈÊÇ1 mol¡¤L£1 |
D£®10 g 98%µÄÁòËá(ÃܶÈΪ1.84 g¡¤cm£3)Óë10 mL18.4 mol¡¤L£1µÄÁòËáµÄŨ¶È²»Í¬ |
ÊÒÎÂÏ£¬Íù0.1mol/LµÄ°±Ë®ÖеÎÈë·Ó̪ÊÔҺʱ£¬ÈÜÒº½«³ÊÏÖ·ÛºìÉ«¡£ÏÖ²ÉÈ¡ÏÂÁдëÊ©£¬µÎÓзÓ̪µÄ°±Ë®ÈÜÒºÑÕÉ«²»»á±ädzµÄÊÇ
A£®ÍùÈÜÒºÖеÎÈëÏ¡ÁòËá | B£®ÍùÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëNH4Cl¾§Ìå |
C£®°ÑÈÜÒº¼ÓÈÈÖÁ·ÐÌÚ | D£®ÍùÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëNaOH¹ÌÌå |
£¨1£©½«¸ÃζÈÏÂa mL pH="13" NaOHÈÜÒºÓëb mL0.05mol/L H2SO4»ìºÏ£¬ËùµÃ»ìºÏÈÜÒºµÄpH=7£¬
Ôòa:b =
£¨2£©ÈôÔÚº¬ÓÐ×ãÁ¿AgCl¹ÌÌåµÄ±¥ºÍAgClÈÜÒºÖзֱð·ÅÈ룺
A£®100mLÕôÁóË®ÖУ» | B£®100mL 0.2 mol¡¤L£1AgNO3ÈÜÒºÖУ» |
C£®100 mL 0.1 mol¡¤L£1AlCl3ÈÜÒºÖУ» | D£®100mL 0.1 mol¡¤L£1ÑÎËáÈÜÒºÖС£ |
£¨3£©ÔÚ25¡æÏ£¬ÏòŨ¶È¾ùΪ0.20 mol¡¤L-1µÄMgCl2ºÍCuCl2»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖÐÖðµÎ¼ÓÈ백ˮ£¬ÏÈÉú³É ³Áµí£¨Ìѧʽ£©£¬Éú³É¸Ã³ÁµíµÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ £»µ±²âµÃÈÜÒºpH=11.00ʱ£¬Ôò´ËζÈϲÐÁôÔÚÈÜÒºÖеÄc(Mg2+):c(Cu2+)=
£¨ÒÑÖª25¡æʱKsp[Mg(OH)2]=1.8¡Á10-11£¬KsP[Cu(OH)2]=2.0¡Á10-20£©