ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
£¨2009?ÉîÛÚ¶þÄ££©Âȼ·ÏÔü£¨ÑÎÄࣩÖк¬ÓÐþ¸ÆÌúÂÁµÄ¹èËáÑκÍ̼ËáÑΣ¬ÆäÖк¬Ã¾£¨ÒÔMgO¼Æ£©Ô¼10%£¬¸Æ£¨ÒÔCaO¼Æ£©Ô¼15%£¬Ìú£¨¢ò¡¢¢ó£©ºÍÂÁµÈµÄº¬Á¿µÍÓÚ1%£®Âȼ´ÓÑÎÄàÖÐÌáÈ¡MgSO4£®7H2OµÄÁ÷³ÌÈçÏ£º
²¿·ÖÑôÀë×ÓÒÔÇâÑõ»¯Îï³ÁµíʱÈÜÒºpH
Èܽâ¶È±í
»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©ÂËÔüBµÄÖ÷Òª³É·ÖÊÇ£º
£¨2£©´ÓÂËÒºAµÃµ½ÂËÒºC£¬ÄÜ·ñÓð±Ë®´úÌæNaClO£¿
£¨3£©´ÓÂËÒºCÖлñµÃ²úÆ·¾¹ý3¸ö²Ù×÷²½Ö裬·Ö±ðÊÇ
£¨4£©½«Ò»¶¨ÖÊÁ¿µÄMgSO4£®7H2O·ÅÔÚÛáÛöÖмÓÈȲâµÃ²»Í¬Î¶Ƚ׶ÎÊ£Óà¹ÌÌåÖÊÁ¿ÈçͼËùʾ£®
¾Ýͼд³öCD¶Î·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ
²¿·ÖÑôÀë×ÓÒÔÇâÑõ»¯Îï³ÁµíʱÈÜÒºpH
³ÁµíÎï | Al£¨OH£©3 | Fe£¨OH£©3 | Fe£¨OH£©2 | Mg£¨OH£©2 |
pH | 5.2 | 3.2 | 9.7 | 11.2 |
ζÈ0C | 10 | 30 | 40 |
CaSO4 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.21 |
£¨1£©ÂËÔüBµÄÖ÷Òª³É·ÖÊÇ£º
H2SiO3£¨»òH4SO4£©\CaSO4£¨»òCaSO4?2H2O£©
H2SiO3£¨»òH4SO4£©\CaSO4£¨»òCaSO4?2H2O£©
£®£¨2£©´ÓÂËÒºAµÃµ½ÂËÒºC£¬ÄÜ·ñÓð±Ë®´úÌæNaClO£¿
·ñ
·ñ
£¬Ê²Ã´ÀíÓÉ°±Ë®²»Äܽ«Fe2+Ñõ»¯³ÉFe3+£¬ÔòÎÞ·¨³ÁµíÍêÈ«
°±Ë®²»Äܽ«Fe2+Ñõ»¯³ÉFe3+£¬ÔòÎÞ·¨³ÁµíÍêÈ«
£¬ÆäÖмÓÈÈÖó·ÐµÄÄ¿µÄÊǼÓÈÈÄÜʹFe3+ºÍAl3+Ë®½âÍêÈ«£¬Í¬Ê±ÒòΪÇâÑõ»¯ÌúºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁÊǽº×´³Áµí£¬¼ÓÈÈÓÐÀûÓÚÆÆ»µ½ºÌåµÄÎȶ¨ÐÔ£¬Ê¹³Áµí¿ÅÁ£±ä´óÀûÓÚºóÃæ¹ýÂË·ÖÀë
¼ÓÈÈÄÜʹFe3+ºÍAl3+Ë®½âÍêÈ«£¬Í¬Ê±ÒòΪÇâÑõ»¯ÌúºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁÊǽº×´³Áµí£¬¼ÓÈÈÓÐÀûÓÚÆÆ»µ½ºÌåµÄÎȶ¨ÐÔ£¬Ê¹³Áµí¿ÅÁ£±ä´óÀûÓÚºóÃæ¹ýÂË·ÖÀë
£®£¨3£©´ÓÂËÒºCÖлñµÃ²úÆ·¾¹ý3¸ö²Ù×÷²½Ö裬·Ö±ðÊÇ
¼ÓÈÈŨËõ
¼ÓÈÈŨËõ
£¬ÀäÈ´½á¾§
ÀäÈ´½á¾§
£¬¹ýÂË
¹ýÂË
£®£¨4£©½«Ò»¶¨ÖÊÁ¿µÄMgSO4£®7H2O·ÅÔÚÛáÛöÖмÓÈȲâµÃ²»Í¬Î¶Ƚ׶ÎÊ£Óà¹ÌÌåÖÊÁ¿ÈçͼËùʾ£®
¾Ýͼд³öCD¶Î·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ
MgSO4?H2O
MgSO4+H2O¡ü
| ||
MgSO4?H2O
MgSO4+H2O¡ü
£®
| ||
·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©ÔÚº¬ÓÐþ¸ÆÌúÂÁµÄ¹èËáÑκÍ̼ËáÑÎÖмÓÈëÁòËá¿ÉÉú³É¹èËáºÍÁòËá¸Æ³Áµí£»
£¨2£©´ÓÂËÒºAµÃµ½ÂËÒºCµÄÄ¿µÄÊǽ«Fe2+Ñõ»¯³ÉFe3+£¬NaClOÆðµ½Ñõ»¯¼ÁµÄ×÷Óã¬ÑÎÀàµÄË®½âΪÎüÈȹý³Ì£¬¼ÓÈë´Ù½øË®½âÉú³É³Áµí²¢·ÀÖ¹Éú³É½ºÌ壻
£¨3£©´ÓÂËÒºÖлñÈ¡¾§Ì壬Ӧ¾¹ý¼ÓÈÈŨËõ£¬ÀäÈ´½á¾§£¬¹ýÂ˵ȲÙ×÷£»
£¨4£©¸ù¾ÝÎïÖʵÄÖÊÁ¿±ä»¯ÅжÏÎïÖʵÄ×é³É£¬²¢ÒÔ´ËÅжϿÉÄÜ·¢ÉúµÄ·´Ó¦£®
£¨2£©´ÓÂËÒºAµÃµ½ÂËÒºCµÄÄ¿µÄÊǽ«Fe2+Ñõ»¯³ÉFe3+£¬NaClOÆðµ½Ñõ»¯¼ÁµÄ×÷Óã¬ÑÎÀàµÄË®½âΪÎüÈȹý³Ì£¬¼ÓÈë´Ù½øË®½âÉú³É³Áµí²¢·ÀÖ¹Éú³É½ºÌ壻
£¨3£©´ÓÂËÒºÖлñÈ¡¾§Ì壬Ӧ¾¹ý¼ÓÈÈŨËõ£¬ÀäÈ´½á¾§£¬¹ýÂ˵ȲÙ×÷£»
£¨4£©¸ù¾ÝÎïÖʵÄÖÊÁ¿±ä»¯ÅжÏÎïÖʵÄ×é³É£¬²¢ÒÔ´ËÅжϿÉÄÜ·¢ÉúµÄ·´Ó¦£®
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©ÔÚº¬ÓÐþ¸ÆÌúÂÁµÄ¹èËáÑκÍ̼ËáÑÎÖмÓÈëÁòËá¿ÉÉú³É¹èËáºÍÁòËá¸Æ³Áµí£¬ÎªH2SiO3£¨»òH4SO4£©\CaSO4£¨»òCaSO4?2H2O£©£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºH2SiO3£¨»òH4SO4£©\CaSO4£¨»òCaSO4?2H2O£©£»
£¨2£©´ÓÂËÒºAµÃµ½ÂËÒºCµÄÄ¿µÄÊǽ«Fe2+Ñõ»¯³ÉFe3+£¬ÀûÓÃË®½âÉú³É³Áµí£¬¶ø°±Ë®²»Äܽ«Fe2+Ñõ»¯³ÉFe3+£¬ÔòÎÞ·¨³ÁµíÍêÈ«£¬NaClOÆðµ½Ñõ»¯¼ÁµÄ×÷Óã¬ÑÎÀàµÄË®½âΪÎüÈȹý³Ì£¬¼ÓÈë´Ù½øË®½âÉú³É³Áµí²¢·ÀÖ¹Éú³É½ºÌ壬Òò¼ÓÈÈÓÐÀûÓÚÆÆ»µ½ºÌåµÄÎȶ¨ÐÔ£¬Ê¹³Áµí¿ÅÁ£±ä´óÀûÓÚºóÃæ¹ýÂË·ÖÀ룬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º·ñ£»°±Ë®²»Äܽ«Fe2+Ñõ»¯³ÉFe3+£¬ÔòÎÞ·¨³ÁµíÍêÈ«£» ¼ÓÈÈÄÜʹFe3+ºÍAl3+Ë®½âÍêÈ«£¬Í¬Ê±ÒòΪÇâÑõ»¯ÌúºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁÊǽº×´³Áµí£¬¼ÓÈÈÓÐÀûÓÚÆÆ»µ½ºÌåµÄÎȶ¨ÐÔ£¬Ê¹³Áµí¿ÅÁ£±ä´óÀûÓÚºóÃæ¹ýÂË·ÖÀ룻
£¨3£©´ÓÂËÒºÖлñÈ¡¾§Ì壬Ӧ¾¹ý¼ÓÈÈŨËõ£¬ÀäÈ´½á¾§£¬¹ýÂ˵ȲÙ×÷£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¼ÓÈÈŨËõ£¬ÀäÈ´½á¾§£¬¹ýÂË£» £¨4£©100gMgSO4£®7H2OÖУ¬m£¨MgSO4£©=100¡Á
=48.8g£¬m£¨H2O£©=100g-48.8g=51.2g£¬
ÔòCµã¹ÌÌåÖк¬ÓÐË®µÄÖÊÁ¿Îª56.1g-48.8g=7.3g£¬´Ëʱn£¨H2O£©=
=0.41mol£¬n£¨MgSO4£©=
=0.41mol£¬
ËùÒÔCµãʹ¹ÌÌåµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÎªMgSO4?H2O£¬Dµã¹ÌÌåΪMgSO4£¬ÔòCD¶Î·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪMgSO4?H2O
MgSO4+H2O¡ü£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºMgSO4?H2O
MgSO4+H2O¡ü£®
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºH2SiO3£¨»òH4SO4£©\CaSO4£¨»òCaSO4?2H2O£©£»
£¨2£©´ÓÂËÒºAµÃµ½ÂËÒºCµÄÄ¿µÄÊǽ«Fe2+Ñõ»¯³ÉFe3+£¬ÀûÓÃË®½âÉú³É³Áµí£¬¶ø°±Ë®²»Äܽ«Fe2+Ñõ»¯³ÉFe3+£¬ÔòÎÞ·¨³ÁµíÍêÈ«£¬NaClOÆðµ½Ñõ»¯¼ÁµÄ×÷Óã¬ÑÎÀàµÄË®½âΪÎüÈȹý³Ì£¬¼ÓÈë´Ù½øË®½âÉú³É³Áµí²¢·ÀÖ¹Éú³É½ºÌ壬Òò¼ÓÈÈÓÐÀûÓÚÆÆ»µ½ºÌåµÄÎȶ¨ÐÔ£¬Ê¹³Áµí¿ÅÁ£±ä´óÀûÓÚºóÃæ¹ýÂË·ÖÀ룬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º·ñ£»°±Ë®²»Äܽ«Fe2+Ñõ»¯³ÉFe3+£¬ÔòÎÞ·¨³ÁµíÍêÈ«£» ¼ÓÈÈÄÜʹFe3+ºÍAl3+Ë®½âÍêÈ«£¬Í¬Ê±ÒòΪÇâÑõ»¯ÌúºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁÊǽº×´³Áµí£¬¼ÓÈÈÓÐÀûÓÚÆÆ»µ½ºÌåµÄÎȶ¨ÐÔ£¬Ê¹³Áµí¿ÅÁ£±ä´óÀûÓÚºóÃæ¹ýÂË·ÖÀ룻
£¨3£©´ÓÂËÒºÖлñÈ¡¾§Ì壬Ӧ¾¹ý¼ÓÈÈŨËõ£¬ÀäÈ´½á¾§£¬¹ýÂ˵ȲÙ×÷£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¼ÓÈÈŨËõ£¬ÀäÈ´½á¾§£¬¹ýÂË£» £¨4£©100gMgSO4£®7H2OÖУ¬m£¨MgSO4£©=100¡Á
120 |
246 |
ÔòCµã¹ÌÌåÖк¬ÓÐË®µÄÖÊÁ¿Îª56.1g-48.8g=7.3g£¬´Ëʱn£¨H2O£©=
7.3g |
18g/mol |
48.8g |
120g/mol |
ËùÒÔCµãʹ¹ÌÌåµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÎªMgSO4?H2O£¬Dµã¹ÌÌåΪMgSO4£¬ÔòCD¶Î·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪMgSO4?H2O
| ||
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºMgSO4?H2O
| ||
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ì⿼²éÎïÖʵÄÖƱ¸¡¢·ÖÀë¡¢Ìá´¿·½°¸µÄÉè¼Æ£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬Ò×´íµãΪ£¨4£©£¬×¢Òâ¸ù¾ÝÖÊÁ¿µÄ±ä»¯¼ÆËãÎïÖʵÄ×é³É£¬½ø¶øÊéд¿ÉÄÜ·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿