ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
Cu2+ÄÜÓëNH3¡¢H2O¡¢OH-¡¢Cl-µÈÐγÉÅäλÊýΪ4µÄÅäºÏÎ
£¨1£©ÏòCuSO4ÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë¹ýÁ¿NaOHÈÜÒº¿ÉÉú³ÉNa2[Cu£¨OH£©4]£®
¢Ù»³öÅäÀë×Ó[Cu£¨OH£©4]2+ÖеÄÅäλ¼ü£®
¢ÚNa2[Cu£¨OH£©4]ÖгýÁËÅäλ¼üÍ⣬»¹´æÔڵĻ¯Ñ§¼üÀàÐÍÓÐ
A£®Àë×Ó¼ü B£®½ðÊô¼ü C£®¼«ÐÔ¹²¼Û¼ü D£®·Ç¼«ÐÔ¹²¼Û¼ü
£¨2£©½ðÊô͵¥¶ÀÓ백ˮ»ò¹ýÑõ»¯Çⶼ²»ÄÜ·´Ó¦£¬µ«¿ÉÓ백ˮºÍ¹ýÑõ»¯ÇâµÄ»ìºÏÈÜÒº·¢ÉúÈçÏ·´Ó¦£º
Cu+H2O2+4NH3¨T[Cu£¨OH£©4]2++2OH-£®ÆäÔÒòÊÇ
£¨3£©Cu2+¿ÉÒÔÓëÒÒ¶þ°·£¨H2N-CH2CH2-NH2£©ÐγÉÅäÀë×Ó£¨Èçͼ£©
¢ÙH¡¢O¡¢NÈýÖÖÔªËصĵ縺ÐÔ´Ó´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳Ðò
¢ÚÒÒ¶þ°··Ö×ÓÖÐNÔ×ӳɼüʱ²ÉÈ¡µÄÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍÊÇ
¢ÛÒÒ¶þ°··Ðµã¸ßÓÚCl-CH2CH2-ClµÄÖ÷ÒªÔÒòÊÇ
£¨1£©ÏòCuSO4ÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë¹ýÁ¿NaOHÈÜÒº¿ÉÉú³ÉNa2[Cu£¨OH£©4]£®
¢Ù»³öÅäÀë×Ó[Cu£¨OH£©4]2+ÖеÄÅäλ¼ü£®
¢ÚNa2[Cu£¨OH£©4]ÖгýÁËÅäλ¼üÍ⣬»¹´æÔڵĻ¯Ñ§¼üÀàÐÍÓÐ
AC
AC
£¨ÌîÐòºÅ£©£®A£®Àë×Ó¼ü B£®½ðÊô¼ü C£®¼«ÐÔ¹²¼Û¼ü D£®·Ç¼«ÐÔ¹²¼Û¼ü
£¨2£©½ðÊô͵¥¶ÀÓ백ˮ»ò¹ýÑõ»¯Çⶼ²»ÄÜ·´Ó¦£¬µ«¿ÉÓ백ˮºÍ¹ýÑõ»¯ÇâµÄ»ìºÏÈÜÒº·¢ÉúÈçÏ·´Ó¦£º
Cu+H2O2+4NH3¨T[Cu£¨OH£©4]2++2OH-£®ÆäÔÒòÊÇ
¹ýÑõ»¯ÇâΪÑõ»¯¼Á£¬°±·Ö×ÓÓëCu2+ÐγÉÅäλ¼ü£¬Á½ÕßÏ໥´Ù½øʹ·´Ó¦½øÐÐ
¹ýÑõ»¯ÇâΪÑõ»¯¼Á£¬°±·Ö×ÓÓëCu2+ÐγÉÅäλ¼ü£¬Á½ÕßÏ໥´Ù½øʹ·´Ó¦½øÐÐ
£®£¨3£©Cu2+¿ÉÒÔÓëÒÒ¶þ°·£¨H2N-CH2CH2-NH2£©ÐγÉÅäÀë×Ó£¨Èçͼ£©
¢ÙH¡¢O¡¢NÈýÖÖÔªËصĵ縺ÐÔ´Ó´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳Ðò
O£¾N£¾H
O£¾N£¾H
£®¢ÚÒÒ¶þ°··Ö×ÓÖÐNÔ×ӳɼüʱ²ÉÈ¡µÄÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍÊÇ
sp3
sp3
£®¢ÛÒÒ¶þ°··Ðµã¸ßÓÚCl-CH2CH2-ClµÄÖ÷ÒªÔÒòÊÇ
ÒÒ¶þ°··Ö×Ó¼äÄÜÐγÉÇâ¼ü
ÒÒ¶þ°··Ö×Ó¼äÄÜÐγÉÇâ¼ü
£®·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©¢ÙCu2+º¬ÓпչìµÀ£¬OH-º¬Óй¶Եç×Ó£¬¿ÉÐγÉÅäλ¼ü£»
¢ÚNa2[Cu£¨OH£©4]ÖгýÁËÅäλ¼üÍ⣬»¹´æÔÚÀë×Ó¼üºÍ¼«ÐÔ¹²¼Û¼ü£»
£¨2£©¹ýÑõ»¯Çâ¿ÉÑõ»¯CuÉú³ÉCu2+£¬½ø¶øÓë°±·Ö×ÓÐγÉÅäλ¼ü£»
£¨3£©¢Ù¸ù¾Ýµç¸ºÐÔÔÚÖÜÆÚ±íÖеݱä¹æÂÉ·ÖÎö£»
¢ÚÒÒ¶þ°··Ö×ÓÖÐNÔ×ÓÐγÉ4¸ö¦Ä¼ü£»
¢ÛÒÒ¶þ°··Ö×Ó¼äÄÜÐγÉÇâ¼ü£®
¢ÚNa2[Cu£¨OH£©4]ÖгýÁËÅäλ¼üÍ⣬»¹´æÔÚÀë×Ó¼üºÍ¼«ÐÔ¹²¼Û¼ü£»
£¨2£©¹ýÑõ»¯Çâ¿ÉÑõ»¯CuÉú³ÉCu2+£¬½ø¶øÓë°±·Ö×ÓÐγÉÅäλ¼ü£»
£¨3£©¢Ù¸ù¾Ýµç¸ºÐÔÔÚÖÜÆÚ±íÖеݱä¹æÂÉ·ÖÎö£»
¢ÚÒÒ¶þ°··Ö×ÓÖÐNÔ×ÓÐγÉ4¸ö¦Ä¼ü£»
¢ÛÒÒ¶þ°··Ö×Ó¼äÄÜÐγÉÇâ¼ü£®
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©¢ÙCu2+º¬ÓпչìµÀ£¬OH-º¬Óй¶Եç×Ó£¬¿ÉÐγÉÅäλ¼ü£¬ÅäÀë×Ó[Cu£¨OH£©4]2+ÖÐ1¸öCu2+Óë4¸öOH-ÐγÉÅäλ¼ü£¬¿É±íʾΪ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£»
¢ÚNa2[Cu£¨OH£©4]ΪÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎº¬ÓÐÀë×Ó¼ü£¬²¢ÇÒO-HΪ¼«ÐÔ¹²¼Û¼ü£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºAC£»
£¨2£©¹ýÑõ»¯Çâ¿ÉÑõ»¯CuÉú³ÉCu2+£¬½ø¶øÓë°±·Ö×ÓÐγÉÅäλ¼ü£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¹ýÑõ»¯ÇâΪÑõ»¯¼Á£¬°±·Ö×ÓÓëCu2+ÐγÉÅäλ¼ü£¬Á½ÕßÏ໥´Ù½øʹ·´Ó¦½øÐУ»
£¨3£©¢ÙͬÖÜÆÚÔªËØ´Ó×óµ½ÓÒÔªËصĵ縺ÐÔÖð½¥ÔöÇ¿£¬ÔòO£¾N£¬HµÄµç¸ºÐÔ×îÈõ£¬ÔòÓÐO£¾N£¾H£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºO£¾N£¾H£»
¢ÚÒÒ¶þ°··Ö×ÓÖÐNÔ×ÓÐγÉ4¸ö¦Ä¼ü£¬Îªsp3ÔÓ»¯£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºsp3£»
¢ÛNÔªËص縺ÐÔ½ÏÇ¿£¬¿ÉÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬·Ðµã½Ï¸ß£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÒÒ¶þ°··Ö×Ó¼äÄÜÐγÉÇâ¼ü£®
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£»
¢ÚNa2[Cu£¨OH£©4]ΪÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎº¬ÓÐÀë×Ó¼ü£¬²¢ÇÒO-HΪ¼«ÐÔ¹²¼Û¼ü£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºAC£»
£¨2£©¹ýÑõ»¯Çâ¿ÉÑõ»¯CuÉú³ÉCu2+£¬½ø¶øÓë°±·Ö×ÓÐγÉÅäλ¼ü£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¹ýÑõ»¯ÇâΪÑõ»¯¼Á£¬°±·Ö×ÓÓëCu2+ÐγÉÅäλ¼ü£¬Á½ÕßÏ໥´Ù½øʹ·´Ó¦½øÐУ»
£¨3£©¢ÙͬÖÜÆÚÔªËØ´Ó×óµ½ÓÒÔªËصĵ縺ÐÔÖð½¥ÔöÇ¿£¬ÔòO£¾N£¬HµÄµç¸ºÐÔ×îÈõ£¬ÔòÓÐO£¾N£¾H£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºO£¾N£¾H£»
¢ÚÒÒ¶þ°··Ö×ÓÖÐNÔ×ÓÐγÉ4¸ö¦Ä¼ü£¬Îªsp3ÔÓ»¯£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºsp3£»
¢ÛNÔªËص縺ÐÔ½ÏÇ¿£¬¿ÉÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬·Ðµã½Ï¸ß£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÒÒ¶þ°··Ö×Ó¼äÄÜÐγÉÇâ¼ü£®
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ì⿼²é½ÏΪ×ۺϣ¬Éæ¼°Åäλ¼ü£¬ÔªËØÖÜÆÚÂÉÒÔ¼°Çâ¼üµÈ֪ʶ£¬ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬±¾Ìâ×¢ÒâÅäλ¼üµÄÐγÉÌõ¼þ£¬°ÑÎÕÔªËØÖÜÆڵĵݱä¹æÂÉ£¬Îª¸ÃÌâµÄÖ÷Òª¿¼µã£¬Ò²ÊÇÒ×´íµã£¬Ñ§Ï°ÖÐ×¢ÒâÏà¹Ø֪ʶµÄ»ýÀÛ£®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿