ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
ÌìÈ»ÆøµÄÖ÷Òª³É·Ö¼×ÍéȼÉÕÉú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ºÍҺ̬ˮµÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÈçÏ£¬Çë»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺CH4£¨g£©+2O2£¨g£©=CO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-889.6kJ/mol£®
£¨1£©·´Ó¦ÎïÄÜÁ¿×ÜºÍ £¨Ìî¡°´óÓÚ¡±¡¢¡°Ð¡ÓÚ¡±»ò¡°µÈÓÚ¡±£©Éú³ÉÎïÄÜÁ¿×ܺͣ®
£¨2£©Èô1mol¼×ÍéÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ºÍË®ÕôÆø£¬Ôò·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿ 889.6kJ£®£¨Ìî¡°£¾¡±¡¢¡°£¼¡±»ò¡°=¡±£©
£¨3£©ÒÑÖªÇâÆøȼÉÕÉú³ÉҺ̬ˮµÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÊÇ£º2H2£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©=2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-572kJ/mol£¬ÔòÏàͬÖÊÁ¿µÄ¼×ÍéºÍÇâÆø£¬ÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³ÉҺ̬ˮ£¬·ÅÈȽ϶àµÄÊÇ £®
£¨4£©ÈçͼËùʾµÄ¼×³Ø×°ÖÃÊÇÓÉCH4¡¢O2ºÍKOHÈÜÒº×é³ÉµÄÐÂÐÍȼÁϵç³Ø£¬ÀûÓøÃ×°ÖÿÉÒÔ½« ÄÜת»¯Îª ÄÜ£®
£¨5£©ÒÒ³ØÖеÄÁ½¸öµç¼«Ò»¸öÊÇʯīµç¼«£¬Ò»¸öÊÇÌúµç¼«£¬¹¤×÷ʱM¡¢NÁ½¸öµç¼«µÄÖÊÁ¿¶¼²»¼õÉÙ£¬Çë»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨6£©Mµç¼«µÄ²ÄÁÏÊÇ £¬NµÄµç¼«µç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª£º £»ÒҳصÄ×Ü·´Ó¦Ê½ÊÇ £¬Í¨Èë¼×ÍéµÄ²¬µç¼«ÉÏ·¢ÉúµÄµç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª £®
£¨7£©Ôڴ˹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÒÒ³ØÖÐijһµç¼«Îö³ö½ðÊôÒø4.32gʱ£¬¼×³ØÖÐÀíÂÛÉÏÏûºÄÑõÆøΪ L£¨±ê×¼×´¿öÏ£©£»Èô´ËʱÒÒ³ØÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ýΪ400mL£¬ÔòÒÒ³ØÖÐÈÜÒºµÄH+µÄŨ¶ÈΪ £®
£¨1£©·´Ó¦ÎïÄÜÁ¿×ܺÍ
£¨2£©Èô1mol¼×ÍéÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ºÍË®ÕôÆø£¬Ôò·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿
£¨3£©ÒÑÖªÇâÆøȼÉÕÉú³ÉҺ̬ˮµÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÊÇ£º2H2£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©=2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-572kJ/mol£¬ÔòÏàͬÖÊÁ¿µÄ¼×ÍéºÍÇâÆø£¬ÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³ÉҺ̬ˮ£¬·ÅÈȽ϶àµÄÊÇ
£¨4£©ÈçͼËùʾµÄ¼×³Ø×°ÖÃÊÇÓÉCH4¡¢O2ºÍKOHÈÜÒº×é³ÉµÄÐÂÐÍȼÁϵç³Ø£¬ÀûÓøÃ×°ÖÿÉÒÔ½«
£¨5£©ÒÒ³ØÖеÄÁ½¸öµç¼«Ò»¸öÊÇʯīµç¼«£¬Ò»¸öÊÇÌúµç¼«£¬¹¤×÷ʱM¡¢NÁ½¸öµç¼«µÄÖÊÁ¿¶¼²»¼õÉÙ£¬Çë»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨6£©Mµç¼«µÄ²ÄÁÏÊÇ
£¨7£©Ôڴ˹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÒÒ³ØÖÐijһµç¼«Îö³ö½ðÊôÒø4.32gʱ£¬¼×³ØÖÐÀíÂÛÉÏÏûºÄÑõÆøΪ
·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©¸ù¾ÝÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÖС÷HµÄ·ûºÅ·ÖÎö£»
£¨2£©Ë®ÕôÆøת»¯ÎªÒºÌ¬Ë®Òª·Å³öÈÈÁ¿£¬¾Ý´Ë·ÖÎö£»
£¨3£©¸ù¾Ý·½³ÌʽÇó³öÏàͬÖÊÁ¿µÄ¼×ÍéºÍÇâÆø£¬ÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³ÉҺ̬ˮ·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿·ÖÎö£»
£¨4£©È¼Áϵç³Ø½«»¯Ñ§ÄÜת»¯ÎªµçÄÜ£»
£¨6£©¼îÐÔ¼×ÍéȼÁϵç³ØÖÐͨÈë¼×ÍéµÄÒ»¼«ÎªÔµç³ØµÄ¸º¼«£¬Í¨ÈëÑõÆøµÄÒ»¼«ÎªÔµç³ØµÄÕý¼«£¬ÒÒ³ØΪµç½â³Ø£¬ÒÒ³ØÖеÄÁ½¸öµç¼«Ò»¸öÊÇʯīµç¼«£¬Ò»¸öÊÇÌúµç¼«£¬¹¤×÷ʱM¡¢NÁ½¸öµç¼«µÄÖÊÁ¿¶¼²»¼õÉÙ£¬NÁ¬½ÓÔµç³ØµÄÕý¼«£¬Ó¦Îªµç½â³ØµÄÑô¼«£¬ÔòӦΪʯī²ÄÁÏ£¬MΪµç½â³ØµÄÒõ¼«£¬ÎªÌúµç¼«£¬µç½âÏõËáÒøÈÜҺʱ£¬Òõ¼«·´Ó¦Ê½ÎªAg++e-=Ag£¬Ñô¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª4OH--4e-=O2¡ü+2H2O£»
£¨7£©¸ù¾Ýµç¼«·´Ó¦½áºÏµç×ÓµÄתÒƵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿µÄÅжϽøÐмÆË㣮
£¨2£©Ë®ÕôÆøת»¯ÎªÒºÌ¬Ë®Òª·Å³öÈÈÁ¿£¬¾Ý´Ë·ÖÎö£»
£¨3£©¸ù¾Ý·½³ÌʽÇó³öÏàͬÖÊÁ¿µÄ¼×ÍéºÍÇâÆø£¬ÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³ÉҺ̬ˮ·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿·ÖÎö£»
£¨4£©È¼Áϵç³Ø½«»¯Ñ§ÄÜת»¯ÎªµçÄÜ£»
£¨6£©¼îÐÔ¼×ÍéȼÁϵç³ØÖÐͨÈë¼×ÍéµÄÒ»¼«ÎªÔµç³ØµÄ¸º¼«£¬Í¨ÈëÑõÆøµÄÒ»¼«ÎªÔµç³ØµÄÕý¼«£¬ÒÒ³ØΪµç½â³Ø£¬ÒÒ³ØÖеÄÁ½¸öµç¼«Ò»¸öÊÇʯīµç¼«£¬Ò»¸öÊÇÌúµç¼«£¬¹¤×÷ʱM¡¢NÁ½¸öµç¼«µÄÖÊÁ¿¶¼²»¼õÉÙ£¬NÁ¬½ÓÔµç³ØµÄÕý¼«£¬Ó¦Îªµç½â³ØµÄÑô¼«£¬ÔòӦΪʯī²ÄÁÏ£¬MΪµç½â³ØµÄÒõ¼«£¬ÎªÌúµç¼«£¬µç½âÏõËáÒøÈÜҺʱ£¬Òõ¼«·´Ó¦Ê½ÎªAg++e-=Ag£¬Ñô¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª4OH--4e-=O2¡ü+2H2O£»
£¨7£©¸ù¾Ýµç¼«·´Ó¦½áºÏµç×ÓµÄתÒƵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿µÄÅжϽøÐмÆË㣮
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©ÒÑÖªCH4£¨g£©+2O2£¨g£©=CO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-889.6kJ/mol£¬·´Ó¦ÊÇ·ÅÈÈ·´Ó¦£¬ËùÒÔ·´Ó¦ÎïÄÜÁ¿×ܺʹóÓÚÉú³ÉÎïÄÜÁ¿×ܺͣ¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º´óÓÚ£»
£¨2£©Ë®ÕôÆøת»¯ÎªÒºÌ¬Ë®Òª·Å³öÈÈÁ¿£¬ËùÒÔ1mol¼×ÍéÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ºÍË®ÕôÆø£¬·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿Ð¡ÓÚ889.6kJ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¼£»
£¨3£©ÒÑÖªCH4£¨g£©+2O2£¨g£©=CO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-889.6kJ/mol£¬2H2£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©=2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-572kJ/mol£¬Ôò1g¼×ÍéÍêȫȼÉշųöµÄÈÈÁ¿Îª
¡Á889.6kJ£¬1gÇâÆøÍêȫȼÉշųöµÄÈÈÁ¿Îª
¡Á572kJ£¬ËùÒÔÏàͬÖÊÁ¿µÄ¼×ÍéºÍÇâÆø£¬ÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³ÉҺ̬ˮ£¬ÇâÆø·ÅµÄÈÈÁ¿½Ï¶à£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÇâÆø£»
£¨4£©Ôµç³ØÊÇ°Ñ»¯Ñ§ÄÜת»¯ÎªµçÄܵÄ×°Öã¬ËùÒÔȼÁϵç³Ø½«»¯Ñ§ÄÜת»¯ÎªµçÄÜ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º»¯Ñ§£»µç£»
£¨6£©¼îÐÔ¼×ÍéȼÁϵç³ØÖÐͨÈë¼×ÍéµÄÒ»¼«ÎªÔµç³ØµÄ¸º¼«£¬¸º¼«Éϼ×Íéʧµç×Ó·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦£¬µç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½ÎªCH4-8e-+10OH-=CO32-+7H2O£¬Í¨ÈëÑõÆøµÄÒ»¼«ÎªÔµç³ØµÄÕý¼«£¬ÒÒ³ØΪµç½â³Ø£¬ÒÒ³ØÖеÄÁ½¸öµç¼«Ò»¸öÊÇʯīµç¼«£¬Ò»¸öÊÇÌúµç¼«£¬¹¤×÷ʱM¡¢NÁ½¸öµç¼«µÄÖÊÁ¿¶¼²»¼õÉÙ£¬NÁ¬½ÓÔµç³ØµÄÕý¼«£¬Ó¦Îªµç½â³ØµÄÑô¼«£¬ÔòӦΪʯī²ÄÁÏ£¬NΪÑô¼«£¬µç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½ÊÇ4OH--4e-=O2¡ü+2H2O£¬MΪÒõ¼«£¬µç¼«²ÄÁÏÊÇFe£¬µç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½ÎªAg++e-=Ag£¬ÔòÒҳصÄ×Ü·´Ó¦Ê½Îª4AgNO3+2H2O
4Ag¡ý+O2¡ü+4HNO3£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºFe£»4OH--4e-=O2¡ü+2H2O£»4AgNO3+2H2O
4Ag¡ý+O2¡ü+4HNO3£»CH4-8e-+10OH-=CO32-+7H2O£»
£¨7£©n£¨Ag£©=
=0.04mol£¬¸ù¾ÝAg++e-=Ag¿É֪תÒƵç×ÓΪ0.04mol£¬
¼×³ØÖÐͨÈëÑõÆøµÄÒ»¼«ÎªÕý¼«£¬·´Ó¦Ê½Îª2O2+8H++8e-=4H2O£¬ÔòÏûºÄn£¨O2£©=
¡Á0.04mol=0.01mol£¬
V£¨O2£©=0.01mol¡Á22.4L/mol=0.224L£»
¸ù¾ÝÒÒ³ØÖеķ´Ó¦¿ÉÖª£º4Ag¡«O2¡«4HNO3£¬ËùÒÔn£¨H+£©=n£¨Ag£©=0.04mol£¬Ôòc£¨H+£©=
=0.1mol/L£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º0.224£»0.1mol/L£®
£¨2£©Ë®ÕôÆøת»¯ÎªÒºÌ¬Ë®Òª·Å³öÈÈÁ¿£¬ËùÒÔ1mol¼×ÍéÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ºÍË®ÕôÆø£¬·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿Ð¡ÓÚ889.6kJ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¼£»
£¨3£©ÒÑÖªCH4£¨g£©+2O2£¨g£©=CO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-889.6kJ/mol£¬2H2£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©=2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-572kJ/mol£¬Ôò1g¼×ÍéÍêȫȼÉշųöµÄÈÈÁ¿Îª
1 |
16 |
1 |
4 |
£¨4£©Ôµç³ØÊÇ°Ñ»¯Ñ§ÄÜת»¯ÎªµçÄܵÄ×°Öã¬ËùÒÔȼÁϵç³Ø½«»¯Ñ§ÄÜת»¯ÎªµçÄÜ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º»¯Ñ§£»µç£»
£¨6£©¼îÐÔ¼×ÍéȼÁϵç³ØÖÐͨÈë¼×ÍéµÄÒ»¼«ÎªÔµç³ØµÄ¸º¼«£¬¸º¼«Éϼ×Íéʧµç×Ó·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦£¬µç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½ÎªCH4-8e-+10OH-=CO32-+7H2O£¬Í¨ÈëÑõÆøµÄÒ»¼«ÎªÔµç³ØµÄÕý¼«£¬ÒÒ³ØΪµç½â³Ø£¬ÒÒ³ØÖеÄÁ½¸öµç¼«Ò»¸öÊÇʯīµç¼«£¬Ò»¸öÊÇÌúµç¼«£¬¹¤×÷ʱM¡¢NÁ½¸öµç¼«µÄÖÊÁ¿¶¼²»¼õÉÙ£¬NÁ¬½ÓÔµç³ØµÄÕý¼«£¬Ó¦Îªµç½â³ØµÄÑô¼«£¬ÔòӦΪʯī²ÄÁÏ£¬NΪÑô¼«£¬µç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½ÊÇ4OH--4e-=O2¡ü+2H2O£¬MΪÒõ¼«£¬µç¼«²ÄÁÏÊÇFe£¬µç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½ÎªAg++e-=Ag£¬ÔòÒҳصÄ×Ü·´Ó¦Ê½Îª4AgNO3+2H2O
| ||
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºFe£»4OH--4e-=O2¡ü+2H2O£»4AgNO3+2H2O
| ||
£¨7£©n£¨Ag£©=
4.32g |
108g/mol |
¼×³ØÖÐͨÈëÑõÆøµÄÒ»¼«ÎªÕý¼«£¬·´Ó¦Ê½Îª2O2+8H++8e-=4H2O£¬ÔòÏûºÄn£¨O2£©=
1 |
4 |
V£¨O2£©=0.01mol¡Á22.4L/mol=0.224L£»
¸ù¾ÝÒÒ³ØÖеķ´Ó¦¿ÉÖª£º4Ag¡«O2¡«4HNO3£¬ËùÒÔn£¨H+£©=n£¨Ag£©=0.04mol£¬Ôòc£¨H+£©=
0.04mol |
0.4L |
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ì⿼²éÁË»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ÖÐÄÜÁ¿µÄ±ä»¯£¬Ôµç³ØÔÀíºÍµç½â³ØÔÀí£¬Ã÷È·Ôµç³ØºÍµç½â³Øµç¼«ÉÏ·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄÀàÐͼ´¿É·ÖÎö½â´ð±¾Ì⣬ÄѶȲ»´ó£¬×¢Òâµç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½µÄÊéдÓëµç½âÖÊÈÜÒºµÄËá¼îÐÔÓйأ®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿