ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿£¨¹²10·Ö£©Ä³ÈÜÒº¿ÉÄܺ¬ÓÐNa£«¡¢K£«¡¢Mg2£«¡¢Cu2£«µÈÑôÀë×Ó¼°MnO4£¡¢SiO32£¡¢AlO2£¡¢CO32£¡¢HCO3£¡¢SO42£¡¢Cl£µÈÒõÀë×Ó£¬ÒÑÖª£º¢Ù¸ÃÈÜÒº³ÊÎÞÉ«£»¢Ú¾²â¶¨ÈÜÒºµÄpH£½12£»¢ÛÈ¡ÉÙÁ¿ÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈë100 mL 2 mol¡¤L£1Ï¡ÑÎËá½øÐÐËữ£¬Óа×É«³ÁµíÉú³É£¬»¹µÃµ½Ò»ÖÖÎÞÉ«ÎÞζµÄÆøÌ壬¸ÃÆøÌåʹ³ÎÇåʯ»ÒË®£¨×ãÁ¿£©±ä»ë×Ç¡£¶ÔËữºóµÄÈÜÒº¹ýÂË£¬µÃµ½ÂËÒº¼×¡£
£¨1£©ÓÉ¢Ù¢Ú¢Û¿ÉÅжϣºÔÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨²»´æÔÚµÄÀë×ÓÊÇ________£¬Ò»¶¨´æÔÚµÄÀë×ÓÊÇ ¡£
£¨2£©½«ÂËÒº¼×·Ö³ÉÁ½µÈ·Ý£¬Ò»·ÝÖÐÖðµÎ¼ÓÈ백ˮ£¬¸Õ¿ªÊ¼¼ÓÈ백ˮʱ£¬Ã»ÓгÁµí²úÉú£¬×îÖÕÓа×É«½º×´³Áµí£¬ËµÃ÷ÔÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨ÓÐ £¨ÌîÀë×Ó·ûºÅ£©£»ÁíÒ»·ÝÖмÓÈë×ãÁ¿µÄBa(NO3)2ÈÜÒº£¬Óа×É«³ÁµíÉú³É£¬ËµÃ÷ÔÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨ÓÐ £¨ÌîÀë×Ó·ûºÅ£©£¬¹ýÂ˵õ½ÂËÒºÒÒ¡£
£¨3£©ÍùÂËÒºÒÒÖмÓÈë×ãÁ¿µÄAgNO3ÈÜÒº£¬¹ýÂË¡¢Ï´µÓ¡¢¸ÉÔïµÃ¹ÌÌå26.5 g£¬ÔòÔÈÜÒºÖÐÊÇ·ñÓÐCl££¿ £¨Ìî¡°ÊÇ¡±»ò¡°·ñ¡±£©¡£
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿£¨¹²10·Ö£©
£¨1£©MnO4£¡¢Cu2£«¡¢Mg2£«¡¢HCO3££» CO32£¡¢SiO32£
£¨2£©AlO2££» SO42£
£¨3£©ÊÇ
¡¾½âÎö¡¿
ÊÔÌâ·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©¢Ù¸ÃÈÜÒº³ÊÎÞÉ«£¬ÔòÓÐÉ«Àë×Ó²»ÄÜ´æÔÚ£¬Ò»¶¨²»º¬ÓÐMnO4-¡¢Cu2+£¬¢Ú¾²â¶¨ÈÜÒºµÄpH=12£¬ÔÚ¼îÐÔ»·¾³Ï²»Äܹ²´æµÄÀë×Ó²»ÄÜ´æÔÚ£¬¼´²»´æÔÚMg2+¡¢HCO3-£¬¢ÛÈ¡ÉÙÁ¿ÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈëÏ¡ÑÎËá[100mL¡¢2molL-1]½øÐÐËữ£¬Óа×É«³ÁµíÉú³É£¬»¹µÃµ½Ò»ÖÖÎÞÉ«ÎÞζµÄÆøÌ壬¸ÃÆøÌåʹ³ÎÇåʯ»ÒË®£¨×ãÁ¿£©±ä»ë×Ç£¬Ôò¸ÃÆøÌåÊǶþÑõ»¯Ì¼£¬³ÁµíÖ»ÄÜÊǹèËᣬһ¶¨´æÔÚSiO32-¡¢CO32-£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºMnO4-¡¢Mg2+¡¢Cu2+¡¢HCO3-£»SiO32-¡¢CO32-£»
£¨2£©¶ÔËữºóµÄÈÜÒº¹ýÂË£¬µÃµ½ÂËÒº¼×£¬ÆäÖÐÒ»¶¨º¬ÓÐÊ£ÓàµÄÑÎËᣬ½«ÂËÒº¼×·Ö³ÉÁ½µÈ·Ý£¬Ò»·ÝÖÐÖðµÎ¼ÓÈ백ˮ£¬×îÖÕÓа×É«½º×´³Áµí£¬ÄܺͰ±Ë®·´Ó¦²úÉúµÄ°×É«³ÁµíÖ»ÄÜÊÇÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁ£¬¿ªÊ¼Ê±£¬°±Ë®ÊǺÍÑÎËá·¢ÉúÖкͷ´Ó¦£¬Öкͷ´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·´Ó¦ÎªNH3H2O+H+=NH4++H2O£¬²»»áÉú³ÉÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁ³Áµí£¬ÁíÒ»·ÝÖмÓÈë×ãÁ¿µÄBa£¨NO3£©2ÈÜÒº£¬Óа×É«²»ÈÜÓÚÏõËáµÄ³ÁµíÉú³É£¬ÔòÒ»¶¨ÊÇÁòËá±µ³Áµí£¬Ö¤Ã÷Ò»¶¨º¬ÓÐÁòËá¸ùÀë×Ó£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºAlO2-£»SO42-£»
£¨3£©È¡ÉÙÁ¿ÔÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈëÏ¡ÑÎËá[100mL¡¢2molL-1¼´0.2mol]½øÐÐËữ£¬·Ö³ÉÁ½µÈ·Öºó£¬ÆäÖÐÿһ·ÝÖк¬ÓÐ0.1molµÄHCl£¬ÂËÒºÒÒÖмÓÈë×ãÁ¿µÄAgNO3ÈÜÒº£¬¹ýÂË¡¢Ï´µÓ¡¢¸ÉÔïµÃ¹ÌÌå26.5g£¬n£¨AgCl£©=£¾0.1mol£¬ËùÒÔÔÈÜÒºÖÐÓÐCl-£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÊÇ¡£