ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
ÒÑÖª£ºÔÚ25ʱH2O?H++OH-£¬KW=10-14£»CH3COOH?H++CH3COO-£¬Ka=1.8×10-5£¨1£©È¡ÊÊÁ¿´×ËáÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈëÉÙÁ¿´×ËáÄƹÌÌ壬´ËʱÈÜÒºÖÐC£¨H+£©ÓëC£¨CH3COOH£©µÄ±ÈÖµ______£¨Ìî¡°Ôö´ó¡±»ò¡°¼õС¡±»ò¡°²»±ä¡±£©
£¨2£©´×ËáÄÆË®½âµÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ______£®µ±Éý¸ßζÈʱ£¬C£¨OH-£©½«______£¨Ìî¡°Ôö´ó¡±¡°¼õС¡±¡°²»±ä¡±£©£»
£¨3£©0.5mol?L-1´×ËáÄÆÈÜÒºpHΪm£¬ÆäË®½âµÄ³Ì¶È£¨ÒÑË®½âµÄ´×ËáÄÆÓëÔÓд×ËáÄƵıÈÖµ£©Îªa£»1mol?L-1´×ËáÄÆÈÜÒºpHΪn£¬Ë®½âµÄ³Ì¶ÈΪb£¬ÔòmÓënµÄ¹ØϵΪ______£¬aÓëbµÄ¹ØϵΪ______£¨Ìî¡°´óÓÚ¡±¡°Ð¡ÓÚ¡±¡°µÈÓÚ¡±£©£»
£¨4£©½«µÈÌå»ýµÈŨ¶ÈµÄ´×ËáºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº»ìºÏºó£¬ËùµÃÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòÊÇ______£®
£¨5£©Èô´×ËáºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº»ìºÏºópH£¼7£¬Ôòc£¨Na+£©______ c£¨CH3COO-£©£¨Ìî¡°´óÓÚ¡±¡¢¡°Ð¡ÓÚ¡±»ò¡°µÈÓÚ¡±£©£¬
£¨6£©ÈôÓÉpH=3µÄHAÈÜÒºV1mLÓëpH=11µÄNaOH{ÈÜÒºV2 mL£®»ìºÏ¶øµÃ£¬ÔòÏÂÁÐ˵·¨²»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ______£®
A£®Èô·´Ó¦ºóÈÜÒº³ÊÖÐÐÔ£¬Ôòc£¨H+£©+c£¨OH-£©=2×10-7mol?L-1
B£®ÈôV1=V2£¬·´Ó¦ºóÈÜÒºpHÒ»¶¨µÈÓÚ7
C£®Èô·´Ó¦ºóÈÜÒº³ÊËáÐÔ£¬ÔòV1Ò»¶¨´óÓÚV2
D£®Èô·´Ó¦ºóÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬ÔòV1Ò»¶¨Ð¡ÓÚV2
£¨7£©ÔÚijÈÜÒºÖк¬Mg2+¡¢Cd2+¡¢Zn2+ÈýÖÖÀë×ÓµÄŨ¶È¾ùΪ0.01mol?L-1£®ÏòÆäÖмÓÈë¹ÌÌå´×ËáÄƺó²âµÃÈÜÒºµÄC£¨OH-£©Îª2.2×10-5mol?L-1£¬£¨²»¿¼ÂÇÈÜÒºÌå»ý±ä»¯£©ÒÔÉÏÈýÖÖ½ðÊôÀë×ÓÖÐ______ÄÜÉú³É³Áµí£¬ÔÒòÊÇ______
£¨KSP[Mg£¨OH£©2]=1.8×10-11¡¢KSP[Zn£¨OH£©2]=1.2×10-17¡¢KSP[Cd£¨OH£©2]=2.5×10-14£©
£¨8£©È¡10mL 0.5mol?L-1ÑÎËáÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓˮϡÊ͵½500mL£¬Ôò¸ÃÈÜÒºÖÐÓÉË®µçÀë³öµÄc£¨H+£©=______£®
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©¸ù¾Ý´×ËáÄƹÌÌå¶ÔƽºâCH3COOH?CH3COO-+H+µÄÓ°Ïì·ÖÎö£»
£¨2£©´×Ëá¸ùÀë×Ó½áºÏË®µçÀëµÄÇâÀë×ÓÉú³É´×Ëᣬ·´Ó¦ÊÇ¿ÉÄæµÄ£»´×Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓµÄË®½âÊÇÎüÈÈ·´Ó¦£»
£¨3£©´×ËáÄÆÈÜÒºÖÐÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈÔ½´ó£¬Ë®½â³Ì¶ÈԽԽС£¬µ«ÊÇÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÔ½´ó£¬ÈÜÒºµÄPHÔ½´ó£»
£¨4£©½«µÈÌå»ý¡¢µÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈµÄ´×ËáºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº»ìºÏºó£¬Ç¡ºÃÉú³ÉCH3COONa£¬ÎªÇ¿¼îÈõËáÑΣ¬ÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£»
£¨5£©pH£¼7ÈÜÒºÏÔʾËáÐÔ£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÀë×Ó´óÓÚÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶È£¬´×Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óÓÚÄÆÀë×ÓŨ¶È£»
£¨6£©pH=3µÄHAÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈºÍpH=11µÄNaOHÈÜÒºÖеÄÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓÏàµÈ£¬´×ËáÊÇÈõµç½âÖÊ£¬ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÊÇÇ¿µç½âÖÊ£¬¸ù¾ÝÕâЩ¶ÔÑ¡Ïî½øÐÐÅжϣ»
£¨7£©¸ù¾ÝÀë×ÓµÄŨ¶ÈºÍÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶È£¬¼ÆËã³ö¸÷ÖÖÀë×ÓµÄÀë×Ó»ý£¬È»ºó¸ù¾ÝKSP[Mg£¨OH£©2]=1.8×10-11¡¢KSP[Zn£¨OH£©2]=1.2×10-17¡¢KSP[Cd£¨OH£©2]=2.5×10-14½øÐÐÅжÏÊÇ·ñÉú³É³Áµí£»
£¨8£©¸ù¾Ý10mL 0.5mol?L-1ÑÎËáÈÜÒº£¬¼ÆËã³öÇâÀë×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È£¬ÈÜҺϡÊÍ£¬ÇâÀë×ÓÎïÖʵÄÁ¿²»±ä£¬¼ÆËã³öÏ¡ÊͺóÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶È£»ÑÎËáÈÜÒºÖÐË®µçÀëµÄÇâÀë×ÓµÈÓÚÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓµÄŨ¶È£®
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©Òò´×ËáÄƹÌÌåµçÀë²úÉúCH3COO-£¬c£¨CH3COO-£©Ôö´ó£¬Ê¹µÄƽºâCH3COOH?CH3COO-+H+ÄæÏòÒƶ¯£¬C£¨H+£©¼õС£¬C£¨CH3COOH£©Ôö´ó£¬ËùÒÔC£¨H+£©ÓëC£¨CH3COOH£©µÄ±ÈÖµ¼õС£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¼õС£»
£¨2£©´×ËáÄÆË®½âµÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£ºCH3COO-+H2O?CH3COOH+OH-£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦ÊÇÎüÈÈ·´Ó¦£¬Î¶ÈÉý¸ß£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÔö´ó£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCH3COO-+H2O?CH3COOH+OH-£»Ôö´ó£»
£¨3£©ÓÉÓÚ´×ËáÄÆÈÜÒºÖУ¬´×ËáÄƵÄŨ¶ÈÔ½´ó£¬Ë®½â³Ì¶ÈԽС£¬µ«ÊÇÈÜÒºÖеÄÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È·´¶øÔ½´ó£¬ÈÜÒºµÄPHÔ½´ó£¬ËùÒÔmСÓÚn£¬a´óÓÚb£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÐ¡ÓÚ£»´óÓÚ£»
£¨4£©´×ËáΪÈõµç½âÖÊ£¬½«µÈÌå»ý¡¢µÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈµÄ´×ËáºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº»ìºÏºó£¬Ç¡ºÃÉú³ÉCH3COONa£¬ÎªÇ¿¼îÈõËáÑΣ¬ÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¬ÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚ£ºc£¨CH3COO-£©+c£¨OH-£©=c£¨Na+£©+c£¨H+£©£¬Ôòc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨CH3COO-£©£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨CH3COO-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£»
£¨5£©ÓÉÓÚÈÜÒºµÄPHСÓÚ7£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÀë×ÓÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È´óÓÚÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓµÄŨ¶È£¬ÇâÀë×ÓÖ÷ÒªÊÇ´×ËáµçÀëµÄ£¬ËùÒÔ´×Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óÓÚÄÆÀë×ÓŨ¶È£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÐ¡ÓÚ£»
£¨6£©A¡¢Èô·´Ó¦ºóÈÜÒº³ÊÖÐÐÔ£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶È=ÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶È=1×10-7mol?L-1c£¨H+£©+c£¨OH-£©=2×10-7mol?L-1£¬¹ÊA˵·¨ÕýÈ·£»
B¡¢´×ËáÊÇÈõµç½âÖʲ¿·ÖµçÀ룬´×ËáµÄŨ¶È´óÓÚÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵÄŨ¶È£¬ÈôV1=V2£¬·´Ó¦ºóÈÜÒºpHÒ»¶¨Ð¡ÓÚ7£¬¹ÊB˵·¨´íÎó£»
C¡¢Èô·´Ó¦ºóÈÜÒº³ÊËáÐÔ£¬ÓÉÓÚ´×ËáŨ¶È´óÓÚÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆŨ¶È£¬ÔòV1¡ÜV2£¬¹ÊC˵·¨ÕýÈ·£»
D¡¢Èô·´Ó¦ºóÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬ÓÉÓÚV1=V2ÈÜÒºÏÔʾËáÐÔ£¬ËùÒÔV1Ò»¶¨Ð¡ÓÚV2£¬¹ÊD˵·¨ÕýÈ·£»
¹ÊÑ¡£ºBC£»
£¨7£©ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÊÇ£º[OH-]=2.2×10-5mol?L-1£¬¸ù¾Ý[M2+][OH-]2=5×10-12£¨mol?L-1£©3£¬
ÓÉÓÚ5×10-12СÓÚKSP[Mg£¨OH£©2]=1.8×10-11£¬Ã»ÓÐÇâÑõ»¯Ã¾³ÁµíÉú³É£¬
ÓÉÓÚ5×10-12´óÓÚKSP[Zn£¨OH£©2]=1.2×10-17£¬ÓÐÇâÑõ»¯Ð¿³ÁµíÉú³É£¬
ÓÉÓÚ5×10-12´óÓÚKSP[Cd£¨OH£©2]=2.5×10-14£¬ÓÐCd£¨OH£©2³ÁµíÉú³É£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCd2+¡¢Zn2+£»
£¨8£©Ï¡ÊͺóÈÜÒºÖеÄÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÊÇ£ºc£¨H+£©==0.01mol/L£¬ÓÉÓÚÑÎËáÈÜÒºÖУ¬Ë®µçÀëµÄÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈµÈÓÚÈÜÒºÖеÄÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓµÄŨ¶È£¬¸ÃÈÜÒºÖÐÓÉË®µçÀë³öµÄc£¨H+£©=1×10-12£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º1×10-12£®
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ì⿼²éÈõµç½âÖʵĵçÀëƽºâ¡¢ÑÎÀàË®½â¡¢Àë×ÓŨ¶È±È½Ï¡¢ÈÜÒºPHÖµµÄÅжϵȣ¬Éæ¼°µÄÌâÄ¿ÈÝÁ¿½Ï´ó£¬±¾ÌâÄѶÈÖеȣ®
£¨2£©´×Ëá¸ùÀë×Ó½áºÏË®µçÀëµÄÇâÀë×ÓÉú³É´×Ëᣬ·´Ó¦ÊÇ¿ÉÄæµÄ£»´×Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓµÄË®½âÊÇÎüÈÈ·´Ó¦£»
£¨3£©´×ËáÄÆÈÜÒºÖÐÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈÔ½´ó£¬Ë®½â³Ì¶ÈԽԽС£¬µ«ÊÇÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÔ½´ó£¬ÈÜÒºµÄPHÔ½´ó£»
£¨4£©½«µÈÌå»ý¡¢µÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈµÄ´×ËáºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº»ìºÏºó£¬Ç¡ºÃÉú³ÉCH3COONa£¬ÎªÇ¿¼îÈõËáÑΣ¬ÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£»
£¨5£©pH£¼7ÈÜÒºÏÔʾËáÐÔ£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÀë×Ó´óÓÚÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶È£¬´×Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óÓÚÄÆÀë×ÓŨ¶È£»
£¨6£©pH=3µÄHAÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈºÍpH=11µÄNaOHÈÜÒºÖеÄÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓÏàµÈ£¬´×ËáÊÇÈõµç½âÖÊ£¬ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÊÇÇ¿µç½âÖÊ£¬¸ù¾ÝÕâЩ¶ÔÑ¡Ïî½øÐÐÅжϣ»
£¨7£©¸ù¾ÝÀë×ÓµÄŨ¶ÈºÍÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶È£¬¼ÆËã³ö¸÷ÖÖÀë×ÓµÄÀë×Ó»ý£¬È»ºó¸ù¾ÝKSP[Mg£¨OH£©2]=1.8×10-11¡¢KSP[Zn£¨OH£©2]=1.2×10-17¡¢KSP[Cd£¨OH£©2]=2.5×10-14½øÐÐÅжÏÊÇ·ñÉú³É³Áµí£»
£¨8£©¸ù¾Ý10mL 0.5mol?L-1ÑÎËáÈÜÒº£¬¼ÆËã³öÇâÀë×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È£¬ÈÜҺϡÊÍ£¬ÇâÀë×ÓÎïÖʵÄÁ¿²»±ä£¬¼ÆËã³öÏ¡ÊͺóÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶È£»ÑÎËáÈÜÒºÖÐË®µçÀëµÄÇâÀë×ÓµÈÓÚÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓµÄŨ¶È£®
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©Òò´×ËáÄƹÌÌåµçÀë²úÉúCH3COO-£¬c£¨CH3COO-£©Ôö´ó£¬Ê¹µÄƽºâCH3COOH?CH3COO-+H+ÄæÏòÒƶ¯£¬C£¨H+£©¼õС£¬C£¨CH3COOH£©Ôö´ó£¬ËùÒÔC£¨H+£©ÓëC£¨CH3COOH£©µÄ±ÈÖµ¼õС£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¼õС£»
£¨2£©´×ËáÄÆË®½âµÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£ºCH3COO-+H2O?CH3COOH+OH-£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦ÊÇÎüÈÈ·´Ó¦£¬Î¶ÈÉý¸ß£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÔö´ó£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCH3COO-+H2O?CH3COOH+OH-£»Ôö´ó£»
£¨3£©ÓÉÓÚ´×ËáÄÆÈÜÒºÖУ¬´×ËáÄƵÄŨ¶ÈÔ½´ó£¬Ë®½â³Ì¶ÈԽС£¬µ«ÊÇÈÜÒºÖеÄÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È·´¶øÔ½´ó£¬ÈÜÒºµÄPHÔ½´ó£¬ËùÒÔmСÓÚn£¬a´óÓÚb£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÐ¡ÓÚ£»´óÓÚ£»
£¨4£©´×ËáΪÈõµç½âÖÊ£¬½«µÈÌå»ý¡¢µÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈµÄ´×ËáºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº»ìºÏºó£¬Ç¡ºÃÉú³ÉCH3COONa£¬ÎªÇ¿¼îÈõËáÑΣ¬ÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¬ÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚ£ºc£¨CH3COO-£©+c£¨OH-£©=c£¨Na+£©+c£¨H+£©£¬Ôòc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨CH3COO-£©£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨CH3COO-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£»
£¨5£©ÓÉÓÚÈÜÒºµÄPHСÓÚ7£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÀë×ÓÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È´óÓÚÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓµÄŨ¶È£¬ÇâÀë×ÓÖ÷ÒªÊÇ´×ËáµçÀëµÄ£¬ËùÒÔ´×Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óÓÚÄÆÀë×ÓŨ¶È£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÐ¡ÓÚ£»
£¨6£©A¡¢Èô·´Ó¦ºóÈÜÒº³ÊÖÐÐÔ£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶È=ÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶È=1×10-7mol?L-1c£¨H+£©+c£¨OH-£©=2×10-7mol?L-1£¬¹ÊA˵·¨ÕýÈ·£»
B¡¢´×ËáÊÇÈõµç½âÖʲ¿·ÖµçÀ룬´×ËáµÄŨ¶È´óÓÚÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵÄŨ¶È£¬ÈôV1=V2£¬·´Ó¦ºóÈÜÒºpHÒ»¶¨Ð¡ÓÚ7£¬¹ÊB˵·¨´íÎó£»
C¡¢Èô·´Ó¦ºóÈÜÒº³ÊËáÐÔ£¬ÓÉÓÚ´×ËáŨ¶È´óÓÚÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆŨ¶È£¬ÔòV1¡ÜV2£¬¹ÊC˵·¨ÕýÈ·£»
D¡¢Èô·´Ó¦ºóÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬ÓÉÓÚV1=V2ÈÜÒºÏÔʾËáÐÔ£¬ËùÒÔV1Ò»¶¨Ð¡ÓÚV2£¬¹ÊD˵·¨ÕýÈ·£»
¹ÊÑ¡£ºBC£»
£¨7£©ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÊÇ£º[OH-]=2.2×10-5mol?L-1£¬¸ù¾Ý[M2+][OH-]2=5×10-12£¨mol?L-1£©3£¬
ÓÉÓÚ5×10-12СÓÚKSP[Mg£¨OH£©2]=1.8×10-11£¬Ã»ÓÐÇâÑõ»¯Ã¾³ÁµíÉú³É£¬
ÓÉÓÚ5×10-12´óÓÚKSP[Zn£¨OH£©2]=1.2×10-17£¬ÓÐÇâÑõ»¯Ð¿³ÁµíÉú³É£¬
ÓÉÓÚ5×10-12´óÓÚKSP[Cd£¨OH£©2]=2.5×10-14£¬ÓÐCd£¨OH£©2³ÁµíÉú³É£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCd2+¡¢Zn2+£»
£¨8£©Ï¡ÊͺóÈÜÒºÖеÄÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÊÇ£ºc£¨H+£©==0.01mol/L£¬ÓÉÓÚÑÎËáÈÜÒºÖУ¬Ë®µçÀëµÄÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈµÈÓÚÈÜÒºÖеÄÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓµÄŨ¶È£¬¸ÃÈÜÒºÖÐÓÉË®µçÀë³öµÄc£¨H+£©=1×10-12£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º1×10-12£®
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ì⿼²éÈõµç½âÖʵĵçÀëƽºâ¡¢ÑÎÀàË®½â¡¢Àë×ÓŨ¶È±È½Ï¡¢ÈÜÒºPHÖµµÄÅжϵȣ¬Éæ¼°µÄÌâÄ¿ÈÝÁ¿½Ï´ó£¬±¾ÌâÄѶÈÖеȣ®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿