ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
Óлú»¯Ñ§ÖªÊ¶ÔÚÉú»îÖÐÓ¦Óù㷺£®
£¨1£©ÌÇÀà¡¢ÓÍÖ¬ºÍµ°°×ÖÊÊǶ¯ÎïÐÔºÍÖ²ÎïÐÔʳÎïÖеĻù±¾ÓªÑøÎïÖÊ£®
¢ÙÏÂÁÐÓйØ˵·¨ÖУ¬ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®ÃÞ¡¢Â顢ľ²Ä¡¢²ÏË¿µÄÖ÷Òª³É·Ö¶¼ÊÇÏËάËØ
B£®ÓÍÖ¬ÊDzúÉúÄÜÁ¿×î¸ßµÄÓªÑøÎïÖÊ
C£®µ°°×ÖÊÔÚÈËÌåÄÚ·¢ÉúË®½â×îÖÕÉú³É°±»ùËá
D£®ÌÇÀ඼ÊÇÓÐÌðζµÄÎïÖÊ
E£®µí·Û¡¢ÏËάËØ¡¢µ°°×Öʶ¼ÊÇÌìÈ»¸ß·Ö×Ó»¯ºÏÎï
F£®ÁòËá炙òÒÒËáǦÈÜÒº¼ÓÈëµ½µ°°×ÖÊÈÜÒºÖУ¬µ°°×Öʶ¼ÄÜ´ÓÈÜÒºÖÐÎö³ö
¢ÚÆÏÌÑÌÇÊÇ×îÖØÒª¡¢×î¼òµ¥µÄµ¥ÌÇ£¬³ýÁËÊÇÒ»ÖÖÓªÑøÎïÖÊ£¬»¹ÄÜÓÃÔÚÖƾµµÈ¹¤ÒµÉÏ£®Ð´³öÆÏÌÑÌÇ·¢ÉúÒø¾µ·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£º
£¨2£©Æ»¹ûËá³£ÓÃ×÷ÆûË®¡¢ÌǹûµÄÌí¼Ó¼Á£¬Æä½á¹¹¼òʽΪ£¬¸Ã·Ö×ÓÖйÙÄÜÍŵÄÃû³ÆΪ
£¨3£©ÊµÑéÊҺϳÉÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄ²½ÖèÈçÏ£ºÔÚÔ²µ×ÉÕÆ¿ÄÚ¼ÓÈëÒÒ´¼¡¢Å¨ÁòËáºÍÒÒËᣬƿ¿ÚÊúÖ±°²×°Í¨ÓÐÀäÈ´Ë®µÄÀäÄý¹Ü£¨Ê¹·´Ó¦»ìºÏÎïµÄÕôÆøÀäÄýΪҺÌåÁ÷»ØÉÕÆ¿ÄÚ£©£¬¼ÓÈÈ»ØÁ÷Ò»¶Îʱ¼äºó»»³ÉÕôÁó×°ÖýøÐÐÕôÁó£¨Èçͼ1Ëùʾ£©£¬µÃµ½º¬ÓÐÒÒ´¼¡¢ÒÒËáºÍË®µÄÒÒËáÒÒõ¥´Ö²úÆ·£®Çë»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺£¨ÒÑÖª£ºÒÒ´¼¡¢ÒÒËá¡¢ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄ·ÐµãÒÀ´ÎÊÇ78.4¡æ¡¢118¡æ¡¢77.1¡æ£©
¢ÙÔÚÉÕÆ¿ÖгýÁ˼ÓÈëÒÒ´¼¡¢Å¨ÁòËáºÍÒÒËáÍ⣬»¹Ó¦·ÅÈ뼸¿éËé´ÉƬ£¬ÆäÄ¿µÄÊÇ
¢ÚÉú³ÉÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄ·´Ó¦ÊÇ¿ÉÄæ·´Ó¦£¬·´Ó¦Îï²»ÄÜÍêÈ«±ä³ÉÉú³ÉÎ·´Ó¦Ò»¶Îʱ¼äºó£¬¾Í´ïµ½Á˸÷´Ó¦µÄÏ޶ȣ¬¼´´ïµ½»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ״̬£®ÏÂÁÐÃèÊöÄÜ˵Ã÷¸Ã·´Ó¦ÒÑ´ïµ½»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ״̬µÄÓУ¨ÌîÐòºÅ£©
A£®µ¥Î»Ê±¼äÀÉú³É1molÒÒËáÒÒõ¥£¬Í¬Ê±Éú³É1molË®
B£®µ¥Î»Ê±¼äÀÉú³É1molÒÒËáÒÒõ¥£¬Í¬Ê±Éú³É1molÒÒËá
C£®µ¥Î»Ê±¼äÀÏûºÄ1molÒÒ´¼£¬Í¬Ê±ÏûºÄ1molÒÒËá
D£®Õý·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂÊÓëÄæ·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂÊÏàµÈ
E£®»ìºÏÎïÖи÷ÎïÖʵÄŨ¶È²»Ôٱ仯
¢ÛÏÖÄâ·ÖÀ뺬ÒÒËá¡¢ÒÒ´¼ºÍË®µÄÒÒËáÒÒõ¥´Ö²úÆ·£¬Èçͼ2ËùʾÊÇ·ÖÀë²Ù×÷²½ÖèÁ÷³Ìͼ£®
ÊÔ¼ÁaÊÇ
¢Üд³öC¡úD ·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ
£¨1£©ÌÇÀà¡¢ÓÍÖ¬ºÍµ°°×ÖÊÊǶ¯ÎïÐÔºÍÖ²ÎïÐÔʳÎïÖеĻù±¾ÓªÑøÎïÖÊ£®
¢ÙÏÂÁÐÓйØ˵·¨ÖУ¬ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
BCEF
BCEF
£»A£®ÃÞ¡¢Â顢ľ²Ä¡¢²ÏË¿µÄÖ÷Òª³É·Ö¶¼ÊÇÏËάËØ
B£®ÓÍÖ¬ÊDzúÉúÄÜÁ¿×î¸ßµÄÓªÑøÎïÖÊ
C£®µ°°×ÖÊÔÚÈËÌåÄÚ·¢ÉúË®½â×îÖÕÉú³É°±»ùËá
D£®ÌÇÀ඼ÊÇÓÐÌðζµÄÎïÖÊ
E£®µí·Û¡¢ÏËάËØ¡¢µ°°×Öʶ¼ÊÇÌìÈ»¸ß·Ö×Ó»¯ºÏÎï
F£®ÁòËá炙òÒÒËáǦÈÜÒº¼ÓÈëµ½µ°°×ÖÊÈÜÒºÖУ¬µ°°×Öʶ¼ÄÜ´ÓÈÜÒºÖÐÎö³ö
¢ÚÆÏÌÑÌÇÊÇ×îÖØÒª¡¢×î¼òµ¥µÄµ¥ÌÇ£¬³ýÁËÊÇÒ»ÖÖÓªÑøÎïÖÊ£¬»¹ÄÜÓÃÔÚÖƾµµÈ¹¤ÒµÉÏ£®Ð´³öÆÏÌÑÌÇ·¢ÉúÒø¾µ·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£º
CH2OH£¨CHOH£©4CHO+2Ag£¨NH3£©2OH
2Ag¡ý+CH2OH£¨CHOH£©4COONH4+3NH3+H2O
ˮԡ |
CH2OH£¨CHOH£©4CHO+2Ag£¨NH3£©2OH
2Ag¡ý+CH2OH£¨CHOH£©4COONH4+3NH3+H2O
£®Ë®Ô¡ |
£¨2£©Æ»¹ûËá³£ÓÃ×÷ÆûË®¡¢ÌǹûµÄÌí¼Ó¼Á£¬Æä½á¹¹¼òʽΪ£¬¸Ã·Ö×ÓÖйÙÄÜÍŵÄÃû³ÆΪ
ôÈ»ù£¬ôÇ»ù
ôÈ»ù£¬ôÇ»ù
£¬¿ÉÒԺʹ¼ÀàÎïÖÊ·¢Éúõ¥»¯
õ¥»¯
·´Ó¦£¬»¹¿ÉÒÔ·¢Éú·Ö×ÓÄÚÍÑË®Éú³ÉÂíÀ´ËᣬÂíÀ´ËáÄÜʹäåË®ÍÊÉ«£¬ÔòÂíÀ´ËáµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪHOOC-CH=CH-COOH
HOOC-CH=CH-COOH
£®£¨3£©ÊµÑéÊҺϳÉÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄ²½ÖèÈçÏ£ºÔÚÔ²µ×ÉÕÆ¿ÄÚ¼ÓÈëÒÒ´¼¡¢Å¨ÁòËáºÍÒÒËᣬƿ¿ÚÊúÖ±°²×°Í¨ÓÐÀäÈ´Ë®µÄÀäÄý¹Ü£¨Ê¹·´Ó¦»ìºÏÎïµÄÕôÆøÀäÄýΪҺÌåÁ÷»ØÉÕÆ¿ÄÚ£©£¬¼ÓÈÈ»ØÁ÷Ò»¶Îʱ¼äºó»»³ÉÕôÁó×°ÖýøÐÐÕôÁó£¨Èçͼ1Ëùʾ£©£¬µÃµ½º¬ÓÐÒÒ´¼¡¢ÒÒËáºÍË®µÄÒÒËáÒÒõ¥´Ö²úÆ·£®Çë»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺£¨ÒÑÖª£ºÒÒ´¼¡¢ÒÒËá¡¢ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄ·ÐµãÒÀ´ÎÊÇ78.4¡æ¡¢118¡æ¡¢77.1¡æ£©
¢ÙÔÚÉÕÆ¿ÖгýÁ˼ÓÈëÒÒ´¼¡¢Å¨ÁòËáºÍÒÒËáÍ⣬»¹Ó¦·ÅÈ뼸¿éËé´ÉƬ£¬ÆäÄ¿µÄÊÇ
·ÀÖ¹ÉÕÆ¿ÖеÄÒºÌ屩·Ð
·ÀÖ¹ÉÕÆ¿ÖеÄÒºÌ屩·Ð
£»¢ÚÉú³ÉÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄ·´Ó¦ÊÇ¿ÉÄæ·´Ó¦£¬·´Ó¦Îï²»ÄÜÍêÈ«±ä³ÉÉú³ÉÎ·´Ó¦Ò»¶Îʱ¼äºó£¬¾Í´ïµ½Á˸÷´Ó¦µÄÏ޶ȣ¬¼´´ïµ½»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ״̬£®ÏÂÁÐÃèÊöÄÜ˵Ã÷¸Ã·´Ó¦ÒÑ´ïµ½»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ״̬µÄÓУ¨ÌîÐòºÅ£©
BDE
BDE
£»A£®µ¥Î»Ê±¼äÀÉú³É1molÒÒËáÒÒõ¥£¬Í¬Ê±Éú³É1molË®
B£®µ¥Î»Ê±¼äÀÉú³É1molÒÒËáÒÒõ¥£¬Í¬Ê±Éú³É1molÒÒËá
C£®µ¥Î»Ê±¼äÀÏûºÄ1molÒÒ´¼£¬Í¬Ê±ÏûºÄ1molÒÒËá
D£®Õý·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂÊÓëÄæ·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂÊÏàµÈ
E£®»ìºÏÎïÖи÷ÎïÖʵÄŨ¶È²»Ôٱ仯
¢ÛÏÖÄâ·ÖÀ뺬ÒÒËá¡¢ÒÒ´¼ºÍË®µÄÒÒËáÒÒõ¥´Ö²úÆ·£¬Èçͼ2ËùʾÊÇ·ÖÀë²Ù×÷²½ÖèÁ÷³Ìͼ£®
ÊÔ¼ÁaÊÇ
±¥ºÍNa2CO3ÈÜÒº
±¥ºÍNa2CO3ÈÜÒº
£¬·ÖÀë·½·¨¢ÙÊÇ·ÖÒº
·ÖÒº
£»·ÖÀë·½·¨¢ÚÊÇÕôÁó
ÕôÁó
£¬ÊÔ¼ÁbÊÇ£¨Å¨£©ÁòËá
£¨Å¨£©ÁòËá
£»¢Üд³öC¡úD ·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ
2CH3COONa+H2SO4¡ú2CH3COOH+Na2SO4
2CH3COONa+H2SO4¡ú2CH3COOH+Na2SO4
£®·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©¢Ù´ÓÎïÖʵÄ×é³ÉºÍÐÔÖʽǶȷÖÎö£¬²ÏË¿ÊôÓÚµ°°×ÖÊ£¬ÌÇÀ಻һ¶¨ÓÐÌð棬ÀýÈçµí·ÛºÍÏËάËØÊôÓÚÌÇ£¬µ«Ã»ÓÐÌðζ£»ÁòËáï§ÈÜÒº¼ÓÈëµ½µ°°×ÖÊÈÜÒºÖУ¬ÄÜʹµ°°×ÖÊ·¢ÉúÑÎÎö£¬ÒÒËáǦÈÜÒº¼ÓÈëµ½µ°°×ÖÊÈÜÒºÖУ¬ÄÜʹµ°°×ÖÊ·¢Éú±äÐÔ£»
¢ÚÆÏÌÑÌÇΪ¶àôÇ»ùÈ©ÊÇ»¹ÔÐÔµ¥ÌÇ£¬ÒÔ´ËÊéд»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£»
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝÓлúÎïµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽÀ´¹Û²ìº¬ÓеĹÙÄÜÍÅ£¬²¢ÊéдÃû³Æ£»-COOHÓë-OH·¢Éúõ¥»¯·´Ó¦Éú³Éõ¥£»Éú³ÉÂíÀ´ËᣬÂíÀ´ËáÄÜʹäåË®ÍÊÉ«£¬ËµÃ÷º¬ÓÐ̼̼˫¼ü£»
£¨3£©¢ÙÒºÌå¼ÓÈÈʹÒ×±©·Ð£¬Ó¦¼ÓÈëËé´ÉƬ£»
¢Ú»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦´ïµ½Æ½ºâʱ£¬ÕýÄæ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÏàµÈ£¬¸÷ÎïÖʵÄŨ¶È²»±ä£¬ÓÉ´ËÑÜÉúµÄһЩÎïÀíÁ¿Ò²²»±ä£»
¢Û´Ö²úÆ·ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥Öк¬ÓÐÒÒËáÓëÒÒ´¼£¬Óñ¥ºÍµÄ̼ËáÄÆÈÜÒº·´Ó¦µôÒÒËᣬÈܽâÒÒ´¼£¬Í¬Ê±½µµÍÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄÈܽâ¶È£¬±ãÓÚÈÜÒº·Ö²ã£¬ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ÃܶȱÈˮС£¬ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ÔÚÉϲ㣬ȻºóÀûÓ÷ÖÒº£¬ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥¼ÓÈëÎÞˮ̼ËáÄÆÎüÊÕÆäÖеÄË®£¬¿ÉµÃÒÒËáÒÒõ¥£»ÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐÒÒ´¼¡¢Ì¼ËáÄÆ¡¢ÒÒËáÄÆ£¬½øÐÐÕôÁó¿ÉÒÔÊÕ¼¯ÒÒ´¼£¬ÏòÕô³öÒÒ´¼µÄÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëÁòËᣬ¿ÉÒԵõ½ÒÒËᣬÔÙ½øÐÐÕôÁó¿ÉÒÔÊÕ¼¯ÒÒË᣻
¢ÜÁòËáµÄËáÐÔÇ¿ÓÚÒÒËᣮ
¢ÚÆÏÌÑÌÇΪ¶àôÇ»ùÈ©ÊÇ»¹ÔÐÔµ¥ÌÇ£¬ÒÔ´ËÊéд»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£»
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝÓлúÎïµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽÀ´¹Û²ìº¬ÓеĹÙÄÜÍÅ£¬²¢ÊéдÃû³Æ£»-COOHÓë-OH·¢Éúõ¥»¯·´Ó¦Éú³Éõ¥£»Éú³ÉÂíÀ´ËᣬÂíÀ´ËáÄÜʹäåË®ÍÊÉ«£¬ËµÃ÷º¬ÓÐ̼̼˫¼ü£»
£¨3£©¢ÙÒºÌå¼ÓÈÈʹÒ×±©·Ð£¬Ó¦¼ÓÈëËé´ÉƬ£»
¢Ú»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦´ïµ½Æ½ºâʱ£¬ÕýÄæ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÏàµÈ£¬¸÷ÎïÖʵÄŨ¶È²»±ä£¬ÓÉ´ËÑÜÉúµÄһЩÎïÀíÁ¿Ò²²»±ä£»
¢Û´Ö²úÆ·ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥Öк¬ÓÐÒÒËáÓëÒÒ´¼£¬Óñ¥ºÍµÄ̼ËáÄÆÈÜÒº·´Ó¦µôÒÒËᣬÈܽâÒÒ´¼£¬Í¬Ê±½µµÍÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄÈܽâ¶È£¬±ãÓÚÈÜÒº·Ö²ã£¬ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ÃܶȱÈˮС£¬ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ÔÚÉϲ㣬ȻºóÀûÓ÷ÖÒº£¬ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥¼ÓÈëÎÞˮ̼ËáÄÆÎüÊÕÆäÖеÄË®£¬¿ÉµÃÒÒËáÒÒõ¥£»ÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐÒÒ´¼¡¢Ì¼ËáÄÆ¡¢ÒÒËáÄÆ£¬½øÐÐÕôÁó¿ÉÒÔÊÕ¼¯ÒÒ´¼£¬ÏòÕô³öÒÒ´¼µÄÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëÁòËᣬ¿ÉÒԵõ½ÒÒËᣬÔÙ½øÐÐÕôÁó¿ÉÒÔÊÕ¼¯ÒÒË᣻
¢ÜÁòËáµÄËáÐÔÇ¿ÓÚÒÒËᣮ
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©¢ÙA£®ÃÞ¡¢Â顢ľ²ÄµÄÖ÷Òª³É·ÖΪÏËάËØ£¬µ«²ÏË¿µÄÖ÷Òª³É·Öµ°°×ÖÊ£¬¹ÊA´íÎó£»
B£®»ù±¾ÓªÑøÎïÖÊÓÐÌÇÀà¡¢ÓÍÖ¬¡¢µ°°×Öʵȣ¬ÆäÖÐÓÍÖ¬²úÉúµÄÄÜÁ¿×î¸ß£¬¹ÊBÕýÈ·£»
C£®µ°°×ÖÊÊÇ°±»ùËáµÄËõ¾Û²úÎˮ½â×îÖÕÉú³É°±»ùËᣬ¹ÊCÕýÈ·£»
D£®ÌÇÀ಻һ¶¨ÓÐÌð棬ÀýÈçµí·ÛºÍÏËάËØÊôÓÚÌÇ£¬µ«Ã»ÓÐÌð棬¹ÊD´íÎó£»
E£®µí·Û¡¢ÏËάËØ¡¢µ°°×Öʶ¼ÊÇÌìÈ»¸ß·Ö×Ó»¯ºÏÎÏà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿½Ï´ó£¬¹ÊEÕýÈ·£»
F£®ÁòËáï§ÊôÓÚ·ÇÖؽðÊôÑΣ¬ËùÒÔÁòËáï§ÈÜÒº¼ÓÈëµ½µ°°×ÖÊÈÜÒºÖУ¬ÄÜʹµ°°×ÖÊ·¢ÉúÑÎÎö£¬ÒÒËáǦÊôÓÚÖؽðÊôÑΣ¬ËùÒÔÒÒËáǦÈÜÒº¼ÓÈëµ½µ°°×ÖÊÈÜÒºÖУ¬ÄÜʹµ°°×ÖÊ·¢Éú±äÐÔ£¬µ°°×Öʶ¼ÄÜ´ÓÈÜÒºÖÐÎö³ö£¬¹ÊFÕýÈ·£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBCEF£»
¢ÚÆÏÌÑÌÇΪ»¹ÔÐÔµ¥ÌÇ£¬Îª¶àôÇ»ùÈ©£¬ÆÏÌÑÌÇÔÚˮԡ¼ÓÈÈÌõ¼þÏ·¢ÉúÒø¾µ·´Ó¦£¬·´Ó¦µÄ·½³ÌʽΪCH2OH£¨CHOH£©4CHO+2Ag£¨NH3£©2OH
2Ag¡ý+CH2OH£¨CHOH£©4COONH4+3NH3+H2O£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCH2OH£¨CHOH£©4CHO+2Ag£¨NH3£©2OH
2Ag¡ý+CH2OH£¨CHOH£©4COONH4+3NH3+H2O£»
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝÓлúÎïµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽ¿ÉÖª¸ÃÓлúÎﺬÓк¬ÓÐ-COOH¡¢-OHÁ½ÖÖ¹ÙÄÜÍÅ£¬Ãû³ÆΪôÈ»ùºÍôÇ»ù£»ôÈ»ùºÍôÇ»ù¼äÄÜ·¢Éúõ¥»¯·´Ó¦£»Æ»¹ûËá·¢Éú·Ö×ÓÄÚÍÑË®·´Ó¦µÄ·½³ÌʽΪHOOCCH£¨OH£©CH2COOH
HOOCCH=CHCOOH+H2O£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºôÇ»ù£»ôÈ»ù£»õ¥»¯£»HOOC-CH=CH-COOH£»
£¨3£©¢ÙÒºÌå¼ÓÈÈʹÒ×±©·Ð£¬Ó¦¼ÓÈëËé´ÉƬ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º·ÀÖ¹ÒºÌåÊÜÈȱ©·Ð£»
¢ÚÒÑÖª¿ÉÄæ·´Ó¦CH3CH2OH+CH3COOH
CH3COOCH2CH3+H2O£¬
A£®»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÖ®±ÈµÈÓÚ»¯Ñ§¼ÆÁ¿ÊýÖ®±È£¬ÎÞÂÛÊÇ·ñ´ïµ½Æ½ºâ£¬Éú³É1molÒÒËáÒÒõ¥£¬Í¬Ê±Éú³É1molË®£¬¹ÊA´íÎó£»
B£®µ¥Î»Ê±¼äÀÉú³É1molÒÒËáÒÒõ¥£¬Í¬Ê±Éú³É1molÒÒËᣬ˵Ã÷ÕýÄæ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÏàµÈ£¬¹ÊBÕýÈ·£»
C£®»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÖ®±ÈµÈÓÚ»¯Ñ§¼ÆÁ¿ÊýÖ®±È£¬ÎÞÂÛÊÇ·ñ´ïµ½Æ½ºâ£¬µ¥Î»Ê±¼äÀÏûºÄ1molÒÒ´¼£¬Í¬Ê±ÏûºÄ1molÒÒËᣬ¹ÊC´íÎó£»
D£®Õý·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂÊÓëÄæ·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂÊÏàµÈ£¬´ïµ½Æ½ºâ״̬£¬¹ÊDÕýÈ·£»
E£®»ìºÏÎïÖи÷ÎïÖʵÄŨ¶È²»Ôٱ仯£¬ËµÃ÷´ïµ½Æ½ºâ״̬£¬¹ÊEÕýÈ·£®
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBDE£®
¢Û´Ö²úÆ·ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥Öк¬ÓÐÒÒËáÓëÒÒ´¼£¬Óñ¥ºÍµÄ̼ËáÄÆÈÜÒº·´Ó¦µôÒÒËᣬÈܽâÒÒ´¼£¬Í¬Ê±½µµÍÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄÈܽâ¶È£¬±ãÓÚÈÜÒº·Ö²ã£¬ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ÃܶȱÈˮС£¬ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ÔÚÉϲ㣬ȻºóÀûÓ÷ÖÒº£¬ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥¼ÓÈëÎÞˮ̼ËáÄÆÎüÊÕÆäÖеÄË®£¬¿ÉµÃÒÒËáÒÒõ¥£»ÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐÒÒ´¼¡¢Ì¼ËáÄÆ¡¢ÒÒËáÄÆ£¬½øÐÐÕôÁó¿ÉÒÔÊÕ¼¯ÒÒ´¼£¬ÏòÕô³öÒÒ´¼µÄÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëÁòËᣬ¿ÉÒԵõ½ÒÒËᣬÔÙ½øÐÐÕôÁó¿ÉÒÔÊÕ¼¯ÒÒË᣻
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º±¥ºÍNa2CO3ÈÜÒº£»·ÖÒº£»ÕôÁ󣻣¨Å¨£©ÁòË᣻
¢ÜÒÒËáÄÆΪÈõËáÑΣ¬ÁòËáΪǿËᣬ¸ù¾ÝÇ¿ËáÖÆÈõËᣬ2CH3COONa+H2SO4¡ú2CH3COOH+Na2SO4£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2CH3COONa+H2SO4¡ú2CH3COOH+Na2SO4£®
B£®»ù±¾ÓªÑøÎïÖÊÓÐÌÇÀà¡¢ÓÍÖ¬¡¢µ°°×Öʵȣ¬ÆäÖÐÓÍÖ¬²úÉúµÄÄÜÁ¿×î¸ß£¬¹ÊBÕýÈ·£»
C£®µ°°×ÖÊÊÇ°±»ùËáµÄËõ¾Û²úÎˮ½â×îÖÕÉú³É°±»ùËᣬ¹ÊCÕýÈ·£»
D£®ÌÇÀ಻һ¶¨ÓÐÌð棬ÀýÈçµí·ÛºÍÏËάËØÊôÓÚÌÇ£¬µ«Ã»ÓÐÌð棬¹ÊD´íÎó£»
E£®µí·Û¡¢ÏËάËØ¡¢µ°°×Öʶ¼ÊÇÌìÈ»¸ß·Ö×Ó»¯ºÏÎÏà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿½Ï´ó£¬¹ÊEÕýÈ·£»
F£®ÁòËáï§ÊôÓÚ·ÇÖؽðÊôÑΣ¬ËùÒÔÁòËáï§ÈÜÒº¼ÓÈëµ½µ°°×ÖÊÈÜÒºÖУ¬ÄÜʹµ°°×ÖÊ·¢ÉúÑÎÎö£¬ÒÒËáǦÊôÓÚÖؽðÊôÑΣ¬ËùÒÔÒÒËáǦÈÜÒº¼ÓÈëµ½µ°°×ÖÊÈÜÒºÖУ¬ÄÜʹµ°°×ÖÊ·¢Éú±äÐÔ£¬µ°°×Öʶ¼ÄÜ´ÓÈÜÒºÖÐÎö³ö£¬¹ÊFÕýÈ·£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBCEF£»
¢ÚÆÏÌÑÌÇΪ»¹ÔÐÔµ¥ÌÇ£¬Îª¶àôÇ»ùÈ©£¬ÆÏÌÑÌÇÔÚˮԡ¼ÓÈÈÌõ¼þÏ·¢ÉúÒø¾µ·´Ó¦£¬·´Ó¦µÄ·½³ÌʽΪCH2OH£¨CHOH£©4CHO+2Ag£¨NH3£©2OH
ˮԡ |
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCH2OH£¨CHOH£©4CHO+2Ag£¨NH3£©2OH
ˮԡ |
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝÓлúÎïµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽ¿ÉÖª¸ÃÓлúÎﺬÓк¬ÓÐ-COOH¡¢-OHÁ½ÖÖ¹ÙÄÜÍÅ£¬Ãû³ÆΪôÈ»ùºÍôÇ»ù£»ôÈ»ùºÍôÇ»ù¼äÄÜ·¢Éúõ¥»¯·´Ó¦£»Æ»¹ûËá·¢Éú·Ö×ÓÄÚÍÑË®·´Ó¦µÄ·½³ÌʽΪHOOCCH£¨OH£©CH2COOH
ŨÁòËá |
¡÷ |
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºôÇ»ù£»ôÈ»ù£»õ¥»¯£»HOOC-CH=CH-COOH£»
£¨3£©¢ÙÒºÌå¼ÓÈÈʹÒ×±©·Ð£¬Ó¦¼ÓÈëËé´ÉƬ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º·ÀÖ¹ÒºÌåÊÜÈȱ©·Ð£»
¢ÚÒÑÖª¿ÉÄæ·´Ó¦CH3CH2OH+CH3COOH
ŨÁòËá |
¼ÓÈÈ |
A£®»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÖ®±ÈµÈÓÚ»¯Ñ§¼ÆÁ¿ÊýÖ®±È£¬ÎÞÂÛÊÇ·ñ´ïµ½Æ½ºâ£¬Éú³É1molÒÒËáÒÒõ¥£¬Í¬Ê±Éú³É1molË®£¬¹ÊA´íÎó£»
B£®µ¥Î»Ê±¼äÀÉú³É1molÒÒËáÒÒõ¥£¬Í¬Ê±Éú³É1molÒÒËᣬ˵Ã÷ÕýÄæ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÏàµÈ£¬¹ÊBÕýÈ·£»
C£®»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÖ®±ÈµÈÓÚ»¯Ñ§¼ÆÁ¿ÊýÖ®±È£¬ÎÞÂÛÊÇ·ñ´ïµ½Æ½ºâ£¬µ¥Î»Ê±¼äÀÏûºÄ1molÒÒ´¼£¬Í¬Ê±ÏûºÄ1molÒÒËᣬ¹ÊC´íÎó£»
D£®Õý·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂÊÓëÄæ·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂÊÏàµÈ£¬´ïµ½Æ½ºâ״̬£¬¹ÊDÕýÈ·£»
E£®»ìºÏÎïÖи÷ÎïÖʵÄŨ¶È²»Ôٱ仯£¬ËµÃ÷´ïµ½Æ½ºâ״̬£¬¹ÊEÕýÈ·£®
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBDE£®
¢Û´Ö²úÆ·ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥Öк¬ÓÐÒÒËáÓëÒÒ´¼£¬Óñ¥ºÍµÄ̼ËáÄÆÈÜÒº·´Ó¦µôÒÒËᣬÈܽâÒÒ´¼£¬Í¬Ê±½µµÍÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄÈܽâ¶È£¬±ãÓÚÈÜÒº·Ö²ã£¬ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ÃܶȱÈˮС£¬ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ÔÚÉϲ㣬ȻºóÀûÓ÷ÖÒº£¬ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥¼ÓÈëÎÞˮ̼ËáÄÆÎüÊÕÆäÖеÄË®£¬¿ÉµÃÒÒËáÒÒõ¥£»ÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐÒÒ´¼¡¢Ì¼ËáÄÆ¡¢ÒÒËáÄÆ£¬½øÐÐÕôÁó¿ÉÒÔÊÕ¼¯ÒÒ´¼£¬ÏòÕô³öÒÒ´¼µÄÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëÁòËᣬ¿ÉÒԵõ½ÒÒËᣬÔÙ½øÐÐÕôÁó¿ÉÒÔÊÕ¼¯ÒÒË᣻
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º±¥ºÍNa2CO3ÈÜÒº£»·ÖÒº£»ÕôÁ󣻣¨Å¨£©ÁòË᣻
¢ÜÒÒËáÄÆΪÈõËáÑΣ¬ÁòËáΪǿËᣬ¸ù¾ÝÇ¿ËáÖÆÈõËᣬ2CH3COONa+H2SO4¡ú2CH3COOH+Na2SO4£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2CH3COONa+H2SO4¡ú2CH3COOH+Na2SO4£®
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ì⿼²é½ÏΪ×ۺϣ¬Éæ¼°ÓлúÎïµÄ×é³É¡¢½á¹¹ºÍÐÔÖÊÒÔ¼°ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄÖƱ¸£¬×¢ÒâÒÒËáÒÒõ¥·´Ó¦µÄ¿ÉÄæÐÔÌص㣬עÒâÅжÏƽºâ״̬µÄ·½·¨£¬ÎªÒ×´íµã£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿
Óлú»¯Ñ§ÖªÊ¶ÔÚÉú»îÖÐÓ¦Óù㷺£¬ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨²»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
A¡¢ÓÉÓÚÒÒ´¼Äܹ»ÈܽâºÜ¶àÓлúÎïºÍÎÞ»úÎËùÒÔ¿ÉÓÃÒÒ´¼ÌáÈ¡ÖÐÒ©ÖеÄijЩ³É·Ö | B¡¢ÀûÓÃÌìÈ»Æø×öȼÁÏ¿ÉÒÔÓÐЧµØ¼õÉÙ¡°ÎÂÊÒЧӦ¡±µÄÆøÌå²úÉú | C¡¢ÓÃ×ÆÉյķ½·¨¿ÉÒÔ¼ø±ðë֯ÎïºÍÃÞÖ¯Îï | D¡¢ÓÍÖ¬ÊDzúÉúÄÜÁ¿×î¸ßµÄÓªÑøÎïÖÊ£¬ÔÚÒûʳÖбØÐë¿ØÖÆÓÍÖ¬µÄÉãÈëÁ¿ |