ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
5£®ÓÐһƿÎÞÉ«³ÎÇåÈÜÒº£¬¿ÉÄܺ¬NH4+¡¢K+¡¢Na +¡¢Mg2+¡¢Ba2+¡¢Al3+¡¢Fe3+¡¢SO42-¡¢CO32-¡¢Cl-¡¢I-ÖеÄÒ»ÖÖ»ò¼¸ÖÖ£¬È¡¸ÃÈÜÒº½øÐÐÈçÏÂʵÑ飺
¢ÙÓÃpHÊÔÖ½¼ìÑ飬±íÃ÷ÈÜÒº³ÊËáÐÔ£»
¢ÚÈ¡²¿·ÖÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈëÉÙÁ¿CCl4¼°ÊýµÎÐÂÖƵÄÂÈË®£¬¾Õñµ´ºó¾²Öã¬CCl4²ã³Ê×ϺìÉ«£»
¢ÛÈ¡²¿·ÖÈÜÒº£¬ÖðµÎ¼ÓÈëÏ¡NaOHÈÜÒº£¬Ê¹ÈÜÒº´ÓËáÐÔÖð½¥×ª±äΪ¼îÐÔ£¬Ôڵμӹý³ÌÖм°µÎ¼ÓÍê±Ïºó£¬ÈÜÒºÖоùÎÞ³ÁµíÉú³É£»
¢ÜÈ¡²¿·ÖÉÏÊö³Ê¼îÐÔµÄÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓNa2CO3ÈÜÒº£¬Óа×É«³ÁµíÉú³É£»
¢Ý½«¢ÛµÃµ½µÄ¼îÐÔÈÜÒº¼ÓÈÈ£¬ÓÐÆøÌå·Å³ö£¬¸ÃÆøÌåÄÜʹʪÈóµÄºìɫʯÈïÊÔÖ½±äÀ¶£®
¸ù¾ÝÉÏÊöʵÑéÊÂʵȷ¶¨²¢»Ø´ð£ºÔÚÈÜÒºÖп϶¨²»´æÔÚµÄÀë×ÓÓÐSO42-¡¢CO32-¡¢Mg2+¡¢Al3+¡¢Fe3+£¬ÒªÈ·¶¨ÊÇ·ñ´æÔÚµÄÒõÀë×ÓµÄʵÑé·½·¨ÊÇÈ¡ÉÙÁ¿ÈÜÒºÓÚÊÔ¹ÜÖУ¬µÎ¼ÓÏ¡ÏõËᣬÔٵμÓÏõËáÒøÈÜÒº£¬Èç¹ûÓа×É«³Áµí³öÏÖ£¬ËµÃ÷º¬ÓиÃÒõÀë×Ó£¬·ñÔò²»º¬ÓиÃÒõÀë×Ó£®
·ÖÎö ÎÞÉ«ÈÜÒºÖв»»á´æÔÚFe3+£»¢ÙÓÃpHÊÔÖ½¼ìÑéÈÜÒº³ÊËáÐÔ£¬ËùÒÔÈÜÒºÖв»´æÔÚÓëÇ¿Ëá·´Ó¦µÄCO32-Àë×Ó£»¢ÚµâÀë×ÓÄܺÍÂÈË®·´Ó¦Éú³Éµâµ¥ÖÊ£¬µâÔÚËÄÂÈ»¯Ì¼ÖгÊ×ÏÉ«£¬Í¨¹ýʵÑéÏÖÏóÅжϣ¬ÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐI-£»¢ÛþÀë×Ó¡¢ÂÁÀë×Ó¡¢ÌúÀë×Ó¶¼ºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦Éú³É³Áµí£¬Í¨¹ýʵÑéÏÖÏóÅжϣ¬ÈÜÒºÖв»´æÔÚÓëÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×Ó·´Ó¦Éú³É³ÁµíµÄMg2+¡¢Al3+¡¢Fe3+£»¢Ü±µÀë×ÓºÍ̼ËáÄÆ·´Ó¦Éú³É°×É«³Áµí£¬Í¨¹ýʵÑéÏÖÏóÅжϣ¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÓÐÓëNa2CO3ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦Éú³É°×É«³ÁµíµÄBa2+£¬Èç¹ûÓÐBa2+Àë×Ó£¬ÈÜÒºÖоÍûÓÐSO42-£»¢Ý笠ùÀë×ÓÔÚ¼ÓÈÈÌõ¼þÏÂÓëÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÄÜʹʪÈóµÄºìɫʯÈïÊÔÖ½±äÀ¶É«µÄ°±Æø£¬ÕâÊÇ笠ùÀë×ÓµÄÌØÕ÷·´Ó¦£»Í¨¹ýʵÑéÏÖÏóÅжϣ¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÓÐNH4+£¬¾Ý´Ë½øÐнâ´ð£®
½â´ð ½â£ºÎÞÉ«ÈÜÒºÖв»»á´æÔÚFe3+£»
¢ÙÈÜÒº³ÊÇ¿ËáÐÔ£¬ËùÒÔÈÜÒºÖв»´æÔÚÓëÇ¿Ëá·´Ó¦µÄCO32-Àë×Ó£»
¢ÚµâÀë×ÓÄܺÍÂÈË®·´Ó¦Éú³Éµâµ¥ÖÊ£¬µâÔÚËÄÂÈ»¯Ì¼ÖгÊ×ÏÉ«£¬Í¨¹ýʵÑéÏÖÏóÅжϣ¬ÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐI-£»
¢ÛþÀë×Ó¡¢ÂÁÀë×Ó¡¢ÌúÀë×Ó¶¼ºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦Éú³É³Áµí£¬Í¨¹ýʵÑéÏÖÏóÅжϣ¬ÈÜÒºÖв»´æÔÚÓëÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×Ó·´Ó¦Éú³É³ÁµíµÄMg2+¡¢Al3+¡¢Fe3+£»
¢Ü±µÀë×ÓºÍ̼ËáÄÆ·´Ó¦Éú³É°×É«³Áµí£¬Í¨¹ýʵÑéÏÖÏóÅжϣ¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÓÐÓëNa2CO3ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦Éú³É°×É«³ÁµíµÄBa2+£¬Èç¹ûÓÐBa2+Àë×Ó£¬ÈÜÒºÖоÍûÓÐSO42-£»
¢Ý笠ùÀë×ÓÔÚ¼ÓÈÈÌõ¼þÏÂÓëÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÄÜʹʪÈóµÄºìɫʯÈïÊÔÖ½±äÀ¶É«µÄ°±Æø£¬ÕâÊÇ笠ùÀë×ÓµÄÌØÕ÷·´Ó¦£»Í¨¹ýʵÑéÏÖÏóÅжϣ¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÓÐNH4+£¬
ͨ¹ýÒÔÉÏÏÖÏó²»ÄÜÅжÏÈÜÒºÖÐÊÇ·ñº¬ÓÐK+¡¢Na+¡¢Cl-£»
ËùÒÔÔÚÈÜÒºÖп϶¨´æÔÚµÄÀë×ÓÓÐI-¡¢NH4+¡¢Ba2+£»¿Ï¶¨²»´æÔÚµÄÀë×ÓÓÐSO42-¡¢CO32-¡¢Mg2+¡¢Al3+¡¢Fe3+£»»¹²»ÄÜÈ·¶¨ÊÇ·ñ´æÔÚµÄÀë×ÓÓÐK+¡¢Na+¡¢Cl-£»
È·¶¨ÒõÀë×ÓÂÈÀë×ӵĴæÔڵķ½·¨£ºÈ¡ÉÙÁ¿ÈÜÒºÓÚÊÔ¹ÜÖУ¬µÎ¼ÓÏ¡ÏõËᣬÔٵμÓÏõËáÒøÈÜÒº£¬Èç¹ûÓа×É«³Áµí³öÏÖ£¬ËµÃ÷º¬ÓиÃÒõÀë×Ó£¬·ñÔò²»º¬ÓиÃÒõÀë×Ó£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºSO42-¡¢CO32-¡¢Mg2+¡¢Al3+¡¢Fe3+£»È¡ÉÙÁ¿ÈÜÒºÓÚÊÔ¹ÜÖУ¬µÎ¼ÓÏ¡ÏõËᣬÔٵμÓÏõËáÒøÈÜÒº£¬Èç¹ûÓа×É«³Áµí³öÏÖ£¬ËµÃ÷º¬ÓиÃÒõÀë×Ó£¬·ñÔò²»º¬ÓиÃÒõÀë×Ó£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁ˳£¼ûÀë×ÓµÄÐÔÖʼ°¼ìÑé·½·¨£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬Ã÷È·³£¼ûÀë×ÓµÄÐÔÖÊΪ½â´ð¹Ø¼ü£¬×¢ÒâÊìÁ·ÕÆÎÕ³£¼ûÔڵļìÑé·½·¨£¬ÊÔÌâÅàÑøÁËѧÉúµÄ·ÖÎö¡¢Àí½âÄÜÁ¦¼°Âß¼ÍÆÀíÄÜÁ¦£®
A£® | 0.1mo/L | B£® | 0.15mol/L | C£® | 0.2mol/L | D£® | 0.3mol/L |
¢Ù | ¢Ú | ¢Û | ¢Ü | |
A | NaCl | K2SO4 | KCl | £¨NH4£©2SO4 |
B | Na2SO4 | K2SO4 | KCl | NH4Cl |
C | NaCl | K2SO4 | KCl | NH4Cl |
D | Na2SO4 | K2SO4 | KCl | £¨NH4£©2SO4 |
A£® | A¡¢ | B£® | B¡¢ | C£® | C¡¢ | D£® | D¡¢ |
A£® | 0£®l mol•L-1µÄNaAlO2ÈÜÒº£ºK+¡¢Na+¡¢SO42-¡¢CO32- | |
B£® | ʹpHÊÔÖ½±äÀ¶µÄÈÜÒºÖУºNH4+¡¢Na+¡¢SO42-¡¢Cl- | |
C£® | º¬ÓдóÁ¿ClO- ÈÜÒºÖУºK+¡¢OH-¡¢I-¡¢SO32- | |
D£® | c£¨Al3+£©=0.1 mol•L-1µÄÈÜÒºÖУºNa+¡¢Cl-¡¢AlO2-¡¢SO42- |
A£® | 0.5 mol | B£® | 1 mol | C£® | 1.5 mol | D£® | 2 mol |