【题目】阅读下面的文字完成各题。

①西洋文评家谈论中国诗时,往往仿佛是在鉴赏中国画。例如有人说,中国古诗“空灵”“轻淡”“含蓄”,在西洋诗里,最接近韦尔兰。另一人说,中国古诗简约隽永,韦尔兰的《诗法》算得中国文学里传统原则的定义。还有人说,中国古诗抒情,从不明说,全凭暗示,不激动,不狂热,很少辞藻、形容词和比喻,歌德、海涅、哈代等的小诗偶有中国诗的风味。这些意见出于本世纪前期,然而到现在还似乎代表一般人的看法。透过翻译而能那样认识中国诗,很不容易。一方面也许证明中国诗的艺术高、活力强,它像人体有“自动免疫性”似的,也具备顽强的免译性或抗译性,经受得起好好歹歹的翻译;一方面更表示这些批评家有艺术感觉和本土文学素养。一个绘画史家也指出,歌德的《峰颠群动息》和海涅的《孤杉孑然立》两首小诗和中国画的情调融合。把中国旧诗和韦尔兰联系,最耐人寻味。韦尔兰宣称:最好是“灰暗的诗歌”,不着彩色,只分深淡。那简直就是南宗画风了:“画欲暗,不欲明;明者如觚棱钩角是也,暗者如云横雾塞是也。”(董其昌《画眼》)

②一句话,在那些西洋批评家眼里,词气豪放的李白、思力深刻的杜甫、言论畅快的白居易、比喻络绎的苏轼——且不提韩愈、李商隐等人——都给“神韵”淡远的王维、韦应物同化了。西方有句谚语:“黑夜里,各色的猫一般灰色。”据动物学家的研究,猫是色盲的,在白天看一切东西都是灰色。正像人黑夜里看猫,猫白天看世界,西洋批评家看五光十色的中国旧诗都成为韦尔兰所向往的“灰暗的诗歌”。这种现象并不稀罕。习惯于一种文艺传统或风气的人看另一种传统或风气里的作品,常常笼统概括,有如中国古代隽语所谓“用个带草(怀素)看法,一览而尽”(见董说《西游补》)。譬如在法国文评家眼里,德国文学作品都是浪漫主义的,它的“古典主义”也是浪漫的、非古典的;而在德国文评家眼里,法国文学作品都只能算古典主义的,它的“浪漫主义”至多是打了对折的浪漫。德、法比邻,又同属于西欧文化大家庭,尚且如此,中国和西洋更不用说了。

③和西洋诗相形之下,中国旧诗大体上显得情感不奔放,说话不唠叨,嗓门儿不提得那么高,力气不使得那么狠,颜色不着得那么浓。在中国诗里算是“浪漫”的,和西洋诗相形之下,仍然是“古典”的;在中国诗里算是痛快的,比起西洋诗,仍然不失为含蓄的。我们以为词华够鲜艳了,看惯纷红骇绿的他们还欣赏它的素淡;我们以为“直恁响喉咙”了,听惯大声高唱的他们只觉得是低言软语。同样,束缚在中国旧诗传统里的读者看来,西洋诗里空灵的终嫌着痕迹、费力气,淡远的终嫌有烟火气、荤腥味,简洁的终嫌不够惜墨如金。这仿佛国际货币有兑换率,甲国的两毛零钱折合乙国的一块大洋。西洋人评论不很中肯,那可以理解。他们不是个中人,只从外面看个大概,见林而不见树,领略大同而忽视小异。我们中国批评家不会那样,我们知道中国旧诗不单纯是“灰暗诗歌”,不能由“神韵派”来代表。但是,我们也往往不注意一个事实:神韵派在旧诗传统里公认的地位不同于南宗在旧画传统里公认的地位,传统文评否认神韵派是标准的诗风,而传统画评承认南宗是标准的画风。在“正宗”“正统”这一点上,中国旧“诗、画”不是“一律”的。

【1】作者引西洋文评家谈论中国诗,他们的看法是中国古诗“空灵”“轻淡”“含蓄”______。(用文中的词语答)概括起来,在西洋文评家看来,中国诗的特点是______________。(用文中的词语答)

2作者从“透过翻译而能那样认识中国诗,很不容易”引出了两点看法。这两点看法分别是什么?

3文中作者就西洋评论家对中国诗的评论,表明了自己的看法,这个看法可用文中的话明确表示,这话是哪一句?据作者分析,西洋文评家把中国旧诗都看成“灰暗的诗歌”,其原因是什么?

【题目】请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填人一个最恰当的单词。每空一词。

In the professional world, oral communication skills in the workplace, which are the art of using speech to convey information, thoughts and feelings to others, are important for the success of any organizations.

The 21st century has been considered to be an era of communication. The way we convey our thoughts is of great importance in building relationships. In the workplace, there are employees of diverse cultural and educational backgrounds. This makes team work on a difficult task, but with a clear understanding of the task to be achieved, all members work towards the same goal. Misunderstandings, conflicts and differences in opinions are easily managed when there is a clear flow of communication between team members.

With proper communication, a close relationship and trust build among the employees, therefore promoting excellent working conditions. An atmosphere of support and cooperation is promoted by properly conveying expectations of the management team to the employees and vice versa (相反的情况). Therefore, developing oral communication skills is important to success in life ahead.

How to improve oral communication? In the business world, individuals are expected to be confident about their beliefs and ideas. Therefore, they must include words like “in my opinion”, “as far as I know”. While improving skills on oral communication, people in the workplace must learn the art of listening. In addition, one must also have a positive body language during conversations. A person with a smiling face and positive attitude can raise the spirits of everyone around him. When we're talking to someone, we must give the other person an opportunity to talk as it improves our listening ability.

Communication is an art and it can be improved by working on it constantly. Since it is not an overnight work, one needs to learn it by observing people who are good at it.

Title

Oral communication skills in the workplace

【1】________

The art of using speech to convey information, thoughts and feelings to others.

Importance

●The way we convey our thoughts plays a major 【2】________ in building relationships.

Understanding the task 【3】________ makes employees work towards the same goal.

A clear flow of communication can easily 【4】________ the misunderstandings, conflicts and differences in opinions.

Good relationships and trust among the employees built with proper communication can 【5】________ excellent working conditions.

Conveying expectations can promote support and cooperation.

_【6】_______to improving oral

communication

Use words like in my opinion” to show your 【7】________ about your beliefs and ideas.

Learn to be a good 【8】________ in the workplace.

Avoid using a 【9】 ________ body language during conversations.

Smile and be positive to delight the people around you.

Give the other person a chance to talk in a conversation.

Conclusion

Communication can be improved with 【10】________ effort and we should learn from those who are good at it.

 0  77000  77008  77014  77018  77024  77026  77030  77036  77038  77044  77050  77054  77056  77060  77066  77068  77074  77078  77080  77084  77086  77090  77092  77094  77095  77096  77098  77099  77100  77102  77104  77108  77110  77114  77116  77120  77126  77128  77134  77138  77140  77144  77150  77156  77158  77164  77168  77170  77176  77180  77186  77194  109140 

违法和不良信息举报电话:027-86699610 举报邮箱:58377363@163.com

精英家教网