Question

【题目】阅读理解。

第一节 阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?

UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”.

Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.

Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.

“We didn’t take any notice of it.” Simard says sadly. “Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.

【1】 Why does the author say “the opposite is true”?

A. Because trees compete for survival.

B. Because trees depend on each other.

C. Because trees provide support for dying trees.

D. Because trees protect their own wealth.

【2】“Mother trees” are extremely important because they ________.

A. look the largest in size in the forest

B. know more about the complex “tree societies”

C. pass on nutrition to young trees

D. seem more likely to be cut down by humans

【3】 What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to?

A. How “tree societies” work.

B. How trees grow old.

C. How forestry industry develops.

D. How young trees survive.

【4】 What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Old Trees Communicate Like Humans

B. Young Trees Are in Need of Protection

C. Trees Contribute to Our Society

D. Trees Are More Amazing Than You Think

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】C

【3】A

【4】D

【解析】

本文是说明文。文章介绍了一位教授最新的研究成果：树和树之间不是你死我活的竞争关系，而是相互依赖的，快死的树会将自己的营养传给小树让它们更好地成长。人们如果知道这些现象，就可以更好地保护树木。

【1】B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，上文提到达尔文理论表明树和树之间是适者生存的竞争关系，而现在的研究成果显示树是彼此合作和依赖的，故这两者是相反的，故选B。

【2】C 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句可知，mother trees之所以重要是因为它们将营养传给小树，选C。

【3】A 推理判断题。it出现在文章最后一段：实际上it指代的是第四段提到的内容，砍倒mother trees，因为人们不知道树的“社会”和树木之间的依存关系，故it指的是“树的社会”是怎么运作的，故选A。

【4】D 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，文章主要介绍树和树之间不是你死我活的竞争关系，它们之间是相互依赖的，快死的树会将自己的营养传给小树让它们更好地成长，从第一段的句子：Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation? 可知，作者想要表达的是树要比我们想象的要更加令人惊叹，故选D。