题目内容
【题目】阅读下面的文字,完成下列各题
《庄子》中自称其创作方法是“以卮言为曼衍,以重言为真,以寓言为广”(《天下》)。寓言即虚拟的寄寓于他人他物的言语。人们习惯于以“我”为是非标准,为避免主观片面,把道理讲清,取信于人,必须“藉外论之”(《寓言》)。重言即借重长者、尊者、名人的言语,为使自己的道理为他人接受,托己说于长者、尊者之言以自重。卮言即出于无心、自然流露之语言,这种言语层出无穷,散漫流衍地把道理传播开来,并能穷年无尽,永远流传下去。《庄子》一书,大都是用“三言”形式说理。这三种形式有时融为一体,难以分清。“三言”之中,“寓言十九”(《寓言》),寓言是最主要的表现方式。《庄子》内篇及外、杂篇中的许多篇目,都以寓言为文章的主干论述类文本阅读《庄子》中自称其创作方法是“以卮言为曼衍,以重言为真论述类文本阅读《庄子》中自称其创作方法是“以卮言为曼衍,以重言为真。大量运用充满“谬悠之说、荒唐之言、无端崖之辞”(《天下》)的寓言,使《庄子》的章法散漫断续,变化无穷,难以捉摸。如《逍遥游》前半部分,不惜笔墨,用大量寓言、重言铺张渲染,从鲲鹏展翅到列子御风而行的内容,并非作品的主旨,只是为了用他们的有待逍遥来陪衬、烘托至人的无待逍遥,而“至人无己,神人无功,圣人无名”这个主题句,却如蜻蜓点水,一笔带过。《庄子》结构线索上的模糊隐秘,并不意味着文章结构缺乏内在联系,而是深邃的思想和浓郁的情感贯注于行文之中,形成一条纽带,把看似断断续续的孤立的寓言与寓言之间,段与段之间联结在一起,融为一个有机体。《逍遥游》的主题是追求一种“无待”的精神自由的逍遥境界。文章先为主题作铺垫,然后是主题的阐发,最后结束在至人游于无何有之乡的袅袅余音之中。内篇中的其他作品,也是在明确的内在主旨的统领之下,以各种各样的寓言,从不同角度、不同层面,加以形象的展示,最后完全避开逻辑推理下判断,而以抒情诗般的寓言作结。《庄子》内篇,可以说是哲理抒情散文。
《庄子》一书的文学价值,不仅由于寓言数量多,全书仿佛是一部寓言故事集,还在于这些寓言表现出超常的想象力,构成了奇特的形象世界,“意出尘外,怪生笔端”(刘熙载《艺概文概》)。《庄子》哲学思想博大精深,深奥玄妙,具有高深莫测、不可捉摸的神秘色彩,用概念和逻辑推理来直接表达,不如通过想象和虚构的形象世界来象征暗示。同时,从“道”的立场来看待万物,万物等齐一体,物与物之间可以互相转化。而且,庄子认识到了时间的无限、空间的无限、宇宙的无穷,他不仅站在个人的立场看待世界万物,也站在宇宙的高度看待世界万物,因而,《庄子》的想象虚构,往往超越时空的局限和物我的分别,恢诡谲怪,奇幻异常,变化万千。 (摘编自聂石樵《庄子》)
【1】下列理解和分析,不符合原文意思的一项是( )
A.以寓言为主干,大量运用充满“谬悠之说、荒唐之言、无端崖之辞”的寓言,使《庄子》的章法散漫断续,变化无穷,难以捉摸。
B.人们习惯于以“我”为是非标准,为避免主观片面,取信于人,必须“藉外论之”,因而寓言成为《庄子》采用的重要创作方法之一。
C.《庄子》一书之所以寓言数量多,是因为庄子认为用想象和虚构的形象世界来象征暗示,胜于用概念和逻辑推理来直接表达。
D.《庄子》运用寓言的风格在《逍遥游》一文中有所体现,从鲲鹏展翅到列子御风而行,只是为了用他们的有待逍遥来烘托至人的无待逍遥。
【2】根据原文内容,下列理解和分析不正确的一项是( )
A.《逍遥游》先为主题作铺垫,然后阐发主题,最后结束在至人游于无何有之乡的余音之中。其主题是嘲讽那种“有待”的思想境界。
B.卮言层出无穷,能够散漫流衍地把道理传播开来,并能穷年无尽,永远流传下去。它出于无心,自然流露。
C.庄子认识到了时间的无限、空间的无限、宇宙的无穷,他不仅站在个人的立场看待世界万物,也站在宇宙的高度,可见庄子已经超越了当世的人。
D.《庄子》哲学思想博大精深,深奥玄妙,具有高深莫测、不可捉摸的神秘色彩。
【3】下列对原文内容的表述,不正确的一项是( )
A.《庄子》的文章结构模糊隐秘,是以思想和情感为纽带,把断断续续的孤立的寓言与寓言之间,段与段之间联结在一起,融为一个有机体。
B.《庄子》的创作方法是“以卮言为曼衍,以重言为真,以寓言为广”,此书大都是用“三言”形式说理。这三种形式始终融为一体,根本无法分清。
C.《庄子》全书仿佛是一部寓言故事集,其文学价值,不仅在于寓言数量多,也在于这些寓言表现出超常的想象力,构成了奇特的形象世界。
D.《庄子》内篇,可以说是哲理抒情散文论述类文本阅读《庄子》中自称其创作方法是“以卮言为曼衍,以重言为真阅读答案。它在明确的内在主旨的统领下,以多样寓言展示,最后避开逻辑推理,以抒情诗般的寓言作结。
【答案】
【1】C
【2】A
【3】B
【解析】
【1】“是因为”前后的内容强加因果。
【2】A其主题是嘲讽那种“有待”的思想境界。主题错误。
【3】“这三种形式始终融为一体,根本无法分清”表述有误。原文为“这三种形式有时融为一体,难以分清”。
【题目】 Farming is moving indoors, where the sun never shines, where rainfall is irrelevant and where the climate is always right. The perfect crop field could be inside a windowless building with controlled light, temperature, wetness, air quality and nutrition. It could be in a New York high-rise or a complex in the Saudi desert.
The world already is having trouble feeding itself. Half the people on Earth live in cities, and nearly half of those-about 3 billion-are hungry or illfed. Food prices, currently increasing, are buffeted by dryness, floods and the cost of energy required to plant, harvest and transport it. And prices will only get more unstable.
Climate change makes long-term crop planning uncertain. Farmers in many parts of the world already are using water available to the last drop. And the world is getting more crowded: by midcentury, the global population will grow from 6.8 billion to 9 billion.
To feed so many people may require expanding farmland at the expense of forests and wilderness, or finding ways to completely increase crop output.
Gertjan Meeuws has taken the concept of a greenhouse a step further, growing vegetables and house plants in enclosed (封闭的)and regulated environments. In their research station, water flows into the pans
when needed, and the temperature is kept constant. Lights go on and off, creating similar day and night, but according to the rhythm of the plant.
A building of 100 square meters and 14 layers(层)of plants could provide a daily diet of 200 grams of
fresh fruit and vegetables to the entire population of Den Bosch, about 140,000 people. Their idea isn't to grow foods that require much space, like corn or potatoes.
Here sunlight is not only unnecessary but can be harmful. Plants need only specific wavelengths of light to grow. Their growth rate is three times faster than under greenhouse conditions. They use about 90
percent less water than outdoors agriculture. And city farming means producing food near the consumer, and there's no need to transport it long distances.
【选项】
【1】What can we mainly learn from Paragraph 2? |
A. The climate is worse and worse. B. The city people live a hard life. C. The world has difficulty feeding its people. D. The world's population is increasing fast. |
【2】Which of the following is TRUE of the environments in the research station? |
A. The temperature is often changed. B. Sunshine is in great need for plants. C. Day and night depends on plants. D. Air quality is controlled by plants. |
【3】 It can be inferred from the text that Gertjan Meeuws's farming ________. |
A. helps save sea water a lot B. is highly adaptable C. resembles greenhouse agriculture D. suits the production of corn |
【4】What is the text mainly about?
A.Development of indoor farming.
B.Great Revolution in farming.
C.Advantages of indoor farming.
D.Sunless, rainless indoor farming.