题目内容

【题目】Among all the presents __________ a very nice watch, which was given by my best friend.

A. are included

B. includes

C. is included

D. include

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在所有的礼品中包括一块精美的手表，这是我最好的朋友送的。本题介词短语among all the presents 位于句首,句子需要使用倒装语序，同时主语 a very nice watch与include之间是被动关系,故排除B、D两项；主语是第二. 人称单数，故选C项。

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【题目】With the development of economy, even people in remote villages can have __________ to computers.

A. possibility

B. entrance

C. independence

D. access

【题目】The UK has a well-respected higher education system and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world．But to those who are new to it all, sometimes it can be confusing．

October is usually the busiest month in the college calendar．Universities have something called Freshers' Week for their newcomers．It's a great opportunity to make new friends, join lots of clubs and settle into university life．

However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, the outlook of meeting lots of strangers in big halls can be nerve-wracking （令人头痛的）．Where do you start? Who should you make friends with? Which clubs should you join?

Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you worrying about starting their university social life on the right foot．So just take it all in slowly．Don't rush into anything that you'll regret for the next three years．

Here are some top advice from past students on how to survive Freshers' Week:

·Learn rules．Make sure you know British social manners．Have a few wine glasses and snacks handy for your housemates and friends．

·Be kind．Sometimes cups of tea or even slices of toast can give you a head start in making friends．

·Be sociable．The more active you are, the more likely you'll be to meet new people than if you're someone who never leaves their room．

·Bring a doorstop．Keep your door open when you're in and that sends positive messages to your neighbors that you're friendly．

So with a bit of clever planning and effort, Frsshers' Week can give you a great start to your university life and soon you'll be passing on your experience to next year's new recruits．

【1】 Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?

A. October is generally the busiest month for universities.

B. It's a good idea to put a doorstop in your door.

C. A bit of planning can make Freshers' Week easier.

D. The first week of your every year at university is called Freshers'Week.

【2】The underlined word "recruits．" in the last paragraph refers to____．

A．courses

B．freshers

C．neighbors

D．challenges

【3】 We can infer from the 4th paragraph that ______.

A. the newcomers usually miss the days living at home

B. most of the students in the UK spend three years in universities

C. many freshers are worried about how to fit university life

D. all the new students will make new friends and join certain clubs

【4】 Why does the author suggest having wine glasses and snacks handy?

A. To pass the busy university life.

B. To help make friends with other freshers.

C. To show yourself a drinker as others.

D. To pass the time in a happy way.

【5】 The main purpose of writing this passage is to ______.

A. tell the newcomers how to make a new start in universities

B. introduce something about higher education system of the UK

C. discuss something about the Freshers' Week in the UK

D. advise the freshmen how to behave well in the beginning

【题目】下列句子加点词，为被动句标志的一项是（ ）

A．师不必贤于弟子

B．而耻学于师

C．不拘于时

D．其皆出于此乎

【题目】All possible means _______. However, nothing can _______ him dying of lung cancer.

has tried; stop

have tried; keep

has been tried; prevent

have been tried; stop

【题目】下列各句加线的词语，不能体现说明文语言准确、严谨特点的一项是

A．它俩相互推挤，好像竭力要把对方推下树去。

B．它们飞上坡顶，像小孩坐滑梯一样一只挨着一只滑雪而下。

C．研究者认为，战斗游戏可能要比真的战斗更为困难。

D．它们在陡峭的悬崖上跳跃，好像是在锻炼它们逃避敌害的能力。

【题目】________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

Compare

When comparing

Comparing

When compared

【题目】阅读下面的文字，完成下列各题。

在生态伦理方面，儒家不仅提出了“取予有度”的责任律令，还提出了“用之有节”的行为规范，从而确立了节用的道德责任。儒家并没有系统创建过节用责任伦理学说，但是从两方面阐发了相关理念。

一方面是为政之道的节用责任伦理。谈到治国方针时，孔子指出：“道千乘之国，敬事而信，节用而爱人，使民以时。”朱熹在《论语集注》把这段话理解为敬事、信任、节用、爱人和使民以时“五者”，但他同时又引证《周易》经文“节以制度，不伤财，不害民”，加以解释说：“盖侈用则伤财，伤财必至于害民，故爱民必先于节用。”显然依照《周易》的论说，孔子的话讲的理应是三层意思，而不是朱熹所说的“五者”。孔子的思想所要表达的正是因民信而敬事、因爱人而节用，前后构成因果关系。虽然孔子这里讲述的是治理诸侯国的行为原则，而不是直接针对天人关系的生态伦理，但是，犹如朱熹所言，侈用必伤财，而伤财必浪费自然资源；而且，奢侈消费必定害民，必定与民争利，与民争利又必定驱使民众获取自然资源。

无独有偶，孟子同样立足于民本与王道，一再倡导节制的责任要求。他说：“贤君必恭俭礼下，取于民有制。”尽管孟子旨在提倡以民为本的执政理念，却暗含着生态伦理的指向。这是因为，做到恭俭和有制，不但自己可以节省财物，减少向自然的索取，不致奢侈贪婪，而且不会向百姓横征暴敛，从而缓解民众的生存欲求与自然界资源之间的紧张。在论述富国之道时，荀子围绕人与物的生态问题做了更为明确、较为系统的阐发。基于“欲恶同物，欲多而物寡，寡则必争矣”的现实，荀子认为要保持自然资源和人类社会的协调发展，就必须节用裕民，开源节流。

另一方面是为人之道的节用责任伦理。荀子的节俭观点更为鲜明，也更为直接，在如何对待天人关系、力命关系问题上，他凸显了人的主体能动作用和责任担当意识，他说：“强本而节用，则天不能贫。”荀子是想告诉我们，人类即便在一定程度上要“靠天吃饭”，如果夯实农业这一根本，注意精耕细作，同时又力行节约、适度消费，就是有时无情的自然之天也不能使人陷入贫困境地。由此可见，强化生态责任观念，克制个人的不当欲望，追求一种俭朴生活方式，是实现天人和谐的伦理根基。

古代，思想家也好，普通民众也好，强调节俭、节用、节约主观动机上更多的可能是因为资源的短缺、生活的贫困而做出的无奈、被动的选择，也许还包含着维持社会生态平衡的责任考量。但是，应当肯定，他们所持守的节用责任伦理客观上有助于培养当今为人们提倡的绿色消费观念、绿色消费习惯和绿色消费生活，有助于促进人与自然之间保持必要的生态张力。

（摘自涂可国《用之有节》，有删改）

【1】下列关于原文内容的表述，不正确的一项是（ ）

A．儒家在生态伦理方面确立了“取予有度”“用之有节”的节用的道德责任，但没有系统创建节用责任伦理学说。

B．孔子在治国方针里谈到“节用而爱人”，因为爱民而节用，因果关系；朱熹将其理解为节用、爱民，并列关系。

C．《周易》说“节以制度，不伤财，不害民”，朱熹解释为奢侈必定伤财，伤财必定害民，所以先爱民才会节用。

D．孔子的节用思想原本是诸侯治国的行为原 则，不是针对生态而言，但这一思想符合天人关系，故成为生态伦理。

【2】下列理解和分析，不符合原文意思的一项是（ ）

A．“贤君必恭俭礼下，取于民有制”是孟子的以民为本的执政理念，与孔子的“节用而爱人”是一致的，都是倡导节制的责任要求。

B．孟子的民本理念虽是立足于民本与王道，但其恭俭与有制的执政理念可以减少向自然与百姓的索取，同样暗含着生态伦理的指向。

C．荀子认为，在欲多物少的现实面前，节用裕民，开源节流，有利于保持自然资源和人类社会的协调发展，这已是自觉的生态意识。

D．孔子、孟子、荀子三者在为政之道的节用伦理上都主张“用之有节”，而在人与物的生态问题上，荀子的阐述更为明确，更系统。

【3】根据原文内容，下列说法不正确的一项是（ ）

A．在论证荀子对待天人关系、力命关系时，文章采用了归纳法，概括出荀子对人的主体能动作用的肯定，然后引用荀子的原文佐证。

B．文章运用诠释法，说明了人类即使在“靠天吃饭”的前提下，如果能够努力耕作和用之有节，即使遭遇天灾，也不至于陷入绝境。

C．文章认为，中国古人强调节用，或许有维持社会生态平衡的责任考量，但更迫于客观现实的无奈而不得不被动选择的可能性更大。

D．儒家所持守的节用责任伦理虽然是为政之道，但在客观上有利于促进人与自然的和谐发展，现在，人们将其发展为绿色消费理念。

【题目】It's important for the figures __________ regularly.

A. to be updated

B. to have been updated

C. to update

D. to have updated

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