题目内容

【题目】刘兰芝回家前拜别焦母,其用意分析正确的一项是(

A上堂拜阿母,是为了和阿母道别,讲清妇难为的道理。

B上堂拜阿母,表现了刘兰芝临别时的态度镇定,性格坚强。

C刘兰芝打扮一新,上堂拜别阿母,是为了使阿母回心转意。

D上堂拜阿母,不卑不亢,礼节周到,集善良与刚强于一身。

【答案】D

【解析】A项,是为了和阿母道别,讲清道理错。B项,上堂拜阿母,表现坚强牵强。C项,为了使阿母回心转意错。

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【题目】阅读下面的文字,回答问题。

悲剧与人生的距离

朱光潜

悲剧中有人生,人生中不必有悲剧。我们的世界中有的是凶灾险恶。但是说这种凶灾险恶是悲剧,只是在用比譬。悲剧所描写的固然也不外乎凶灾险恶,但是悲剧的凶灾险恶是在艺术的锅炉中蒸馏过的。

像一切艺术一样,戏剧要有几分近情理,也要有几分不近情理。它要有几分近情理,否则它和人生没有接触点,读来兴味索然;它也要有几分不近情理,否则你会把舞台真正看做世界,看《奥塞罗》会想到自己的妻子,或者老实递消息给司马懿,说诸葛亮是在演空城计。

悲剧和人生之间自有一种不可跨越的距离,你走进舞台,你便须暂时丢开世界。

悲剧都有些古色古香。希腊悲剧流传于人间的几十部之中只有《波斯人》一部是写当时史实,其余都是写人和神还没有分家时的老故事老传说;莎士比亚并不醉心于古典,在这一点上他却近乎守旧。他的悲剧事迹也大半是代远淹的。世纪法国悲剧也是如此。拉辛在《巴雅泽》序文里说:说老实话,如果剧情在哪一国发生,剧本就在哪一国表演,我不劝作家拿这样近代的事迹做悲剧。他自己用近代的巴雅泽事迹,因为它发生在土耳其,国度的辽远可以稍稍补救时间的邻近,这是以空间的远救时间的近。

悲剧和平凡是不相容的,而实际上不平凡就失人生世相的真面目。所谓主角同时都有几分英雄气。普罗米修斯、哈姆雷特都不是你我凡人所能望其项背的,你我凡人没有他们的伟大魄力,也没有他们那股傻劲儿。许多悲剧情境移到我们日常世界中来,都会被妥协酿成一个平凡收场,不至于引起轩然大波。如果你我是俄狄浦斯,要逃弑父娶母的预言,索性不杀人,独身到老,便什么祸事也没有。悲剧的产生就由于不平常人睁着大眼睛向我们平常人所避免的灾祸里闯。悲剧的世界和我们是隔着一层的。

这种另一世界的感觉往往因神秘色彩而更加浓厚。悲剧压根儿就是一个不可解的谜语,如果能拿理性去解释它的来因去果,便失其为悲剧了。善有善报,恶有恶报,这是人类的普遍希望,而事实往往不如人所期望,不能尤人,于是怨天,说一切都是命运。悲剧是不虔敬的,它隐约指示冥冥之中有一个捣乱鬼,但是这个捣乱鬼的面目究竟如何,它却不让我们知道,本来它也无法让我们知道:

艺术往往在不自然中寓自然。一部《红楼梦》所写的完全是儿女情,作者却要把它摆在金玉缘这个神秘的轮廓里。一部《水浒传》所写的完全是侠盗生活,作者却要把它的根源埋到伏魔之洞。戏剧在人情物理上笼上一层神秘障,也是惯技:梅特林克的《普莱雅斯和梅丽桑德》写叔嫂的爱,本是一部人间性极重的悲剧,作者却把场合的空气渲染得阴森冷寂如地窖,把剧中人的举止言笑描写得如僵尸活鬼,使观者察觉不到它的人间性。

悲剧把生活的苦恼和死的幻灭通过放大镜,射到某种距离以外去看。苦闷的呼号变成庄严灿烂的意象,霎时间使人脱开现实的重压而游魂于幻境,这就是尼采所说的从形相得解脱

(选自《我与文学及其他》,有改动)

1悲剧把生活的苦恼和死的幻灭通过放大镜,射到某种距离以外去看一句中放大镜某种距离分别指什么?

【2】请简要说明全文的思路。

3文章题为悲剧与人生的距离,文中也说悲剧和人生之间自有一种不可跨越的距离。请结合全文内容,概括不可跨越的距离包含哪些内容。

【题目】The world’s astronomers came to their senses yesterday and approved a new definition of the word “planet” that would drop tiny Pluto from the club and relegate it instead to a lesser realm of “dwarf planets.” It was a welcome step away from a proposal that would have kept Pluto as a planet but meantime opened the door for dozens of small, icy bodies on the fringes of the solar system.

The important vote came after fierce debate at a meeting of the International Astronomical Union, which had been considering a proposal to define a planet as any object that orbits a star and is large enough for its own gravity to pull it into a spherical (球形的) shape. That definition was scientifically precise but led to results that offended common sense. An asteroid, a small moon, and another icy ball like Pluto would suddenly have risen to planet-hood, swelling the number of planets to 12, with many more icy rocks likely to qualify as more was learned about them.

Fortunately, the astronomers have now added another requirement to the definition. Planets must not only be large enough to be round, they must also have cleared out the neighborhood around their orbits. Pluto would not qualify it orbits in a belt of icy debris on the edge of the solar system. Neither would an icy rock nicknamed Xena, which orbits in that same zone, nor Ceres, a big asteroid that marches in the company of other asteroids. Pluto’s moon, Charon, which had qualified under the first proposal, is also out of the running.

Pluto, with its small size and oddball orbit, should never have been deemed a planet in the first place. Henceforth there will be eight planets, at least three dwarf planets, and tens of thousands of “smaller solar system bodies,” like comets and asteroids. Our only regret is that the astronomers chose the name “dwarf planets” for Pluto’s new category instead of abandoning the word entirely when discussing these less-than-planetary bodies.

【1】 We can know from the passage that the new definition of planet __________.

A. has been welcomed by all walks of life

B. will kick the Pluto out of the planet group in the solar system

C. still makes the Pluto as a planet

D. will enlarge the number of planets in our solar system into permanently 12

【2】 After the new definition of “planet” was put forward, all of the following are regarded as planet except________.

A. Venus

B. Ceres

C. Mars

D. Jupiter

【3】 The writer’s attitudes towards the new definition of “planet” is________.

A. welcome

B. indifferent

C. hostile

D. neutral

【4】 If the original definition of “planet” had not been changed, there would be the following consequences except that ________.

A. thousands of icy rocks in space will be classified as planets

B. some asteroids big enough to pull itself into a spherical shape will be regarded as planets.

C. the Pluto will be relegated to “dwarf planet”

D. there will be at least twelve or even more planets in the solar system.

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