[题目]下表是缺碘与不缺碘的两类人群中.血液中与甲状腺活动密切相关的两种激素的含量状况.分泌腺体激素名称不缺碘人群激素含量缺碘人群激素含量补碘前补碘后甲状腺甲状腺激素正常降低正常垂体A正常B正常(1)表中A是 .B应 .甲状腺激素对垂体分泌激素A起作用.在甲状腺激素的分泌调节中.控制枢纽是 .(2)长期缺碘.成年人会表现出:� 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

【题目】（8分）下表是缺碘与不缺碘的两类人群中，血液中与甲状腺活动密切相关的两种激素的含量状况。

分泌腺体	激素名称	不缺碘人群激素含量	缺碘人群激素含量
分泌腺体	激素名称	不缺碘人群激素含量	补碘前	补碘后
甲状腺	甲状腺激素	正常	降低	正常
垂体	A	正常	B	正常

（1）表中A是______________，B应________________。甲状腺激素对垂体分泌激素A起________作用。在甲状腺激素的分泌调节中，控制枢纽是________________________________。

（2）长期缺碘，成年人会表现出：①喜热、畏寒等体温偏低现象；②少言寡语、反应迟钝及嗜睡等现象。现象①说明甲状腺激素的相关作用是____________；现象②说明该激素对神经系统的作用是______________。通常，食用碘盐可以防治碘缺乏病。

（3）体液调节与神经调节比较，作用范围_____，需要__________的运输。

【答案】（8分，每空1分）（1）促甲状腺激素升高抑制（反馈调节）下丘脑

（2）促进新陈代谢提高兴奋性

（3）广泛体液

【解析】（1）下丘脑分泌的激素为促甲状腺激素释放激素，缺碘的人群中甲状腺激素含量比较低，会促进下丘脑分泌促甲状腺激素释放激素，此时垂体分泌促甲状腺激素增多。

（2）体温偏低说明体内的物质氧化少，产生的热量少；少言寡语、反应迟钝及嗜睡说明神经的兴奋性不高。因此，现象①说明甲状腺激素的相关作用是促进新陈代谢；现象②说明该激素对神经系统的作用是提高神经系统的兴奋性。（3）体液调节与神经调节比较，作用范围较广泛，并需要体液的运输。

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