题目内容

【题目】阅读材料,回答下列问题。

材料一2018年1月21日,江苏省气象台继续发布霾黄色预警信号,严重的雾霾天气已经困扰江苏一周。雾霾天气PM2.5严重超标,PM2.5粒径小,活性强,多附带有毒、有害物质,易致呼吸道疾病;雾霾天气能见度极低,极易造成交通事故。气象部门预报说,直至23日,强冷空气全面影响江苏后,污染才得到缓解。

材料二江苏的火力发电量全国第一,水泥产量全国第一,钢铁产量全国第二。

(1)雾霾的危害主要包括哪些方面?

(2)近年来,与我国西部地区相比,江苏等东部沿海地区的雾霾频发,最主要的原因是什么?有利于雾霾形成的气象条件主要有哪些?

(3)针对江苏省严重的雾霾,结合材料二和所学知识,分析应该采取哪些有效措施进行预防和治理?

【答案】(1)对人体健康的影响和对交通安全的影响。

(2)东部经济发达,化石能源消耗量大。大气条件较稳定、降水少、风力小等;存在逆温层。

(3)控制高能耗企业的发展,加快传统企业的改造升级和第三产业的发展;大力发展公共交通,减少私家车出行;禁烧秸秆;管好工地扬尘;提高能源利用率,使用清洁能源。

【解析】

本题考查雾霾的危害、成因和防治措施。

(1)直接跟据材料分析可知,雾霾附带有毒、有害物质,易致呼吸道疾病,对人体健康构成影响,还导致大气能见度降低,影响交通安全。

(2)江苏近年来火力发电量全国第一,水泥产量全国第一,钢铁产量全国第二,表明江苏经济发达,化石能源消耗量大;雾霾形成的气象条件与逆温层、大气稳定有关。

(3)从优化产业结构、提高能源利用率、优化能源消费结构等方面解答。优化产业结构,减少污染严重能耗较大的重化工业的比例,加快发展高新技术产业和第三产业的发展;发展科技,提高能源利用率;调整能源消费结构,减少传统能源的比例,提高清洁能源的比例;发展公共交通,减少私家车的出行,从而减少汽车尾气的排放。

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【题目】阅读理解

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

On November 18, 1995, Itzhak Perlman, the famous musician, came on stage to give a concert. If you have ever been to a Perlman concert, you know that getting on stage is no small achievement (成就) for him. He suffered from a disease as a child, and so he walks with the help of two walking sticks.

The audience (观众) sat quietly while he makes his way across the stage to his chair and begins his play. But this time, something went wrong. Just as he finished the first few bars, one of the strings (弦) on his violin broke. We thought that he would have to stop the concert. But he didn’t. Instead, he waited a moment, closed his eyes and then signaled the team to begin again.

Of course, anyone knows that it is impossible to play a pleasant work with just three strings. I know that, and you know that, but that night Itzhak Perlman refused to know that.

When he finished, there was a breathtaking silence in the room. And then people rose and cheered. He smiled and said—not proudly, but in a quiet attitude—“You know, sometimes it is the artist’s task to find out how much music you can still make with what you have left.”

This powerful line has stayed in my mind ever since I heard it. And who knows? Perhaps that is the meaning of life—not just for artists but for all of us.

So, perhaps our task in this fast changing, puzzling world in which we live is to make music, at first with all that we have, and then, when that is no longer possible, to make music with what we have left.

【1】What made Itzhak Perlmans performance at the concert special on November 18, 1995?

A. He just recovered from a serious illness.

B. He was late for the stage.

C. He had a quarrel with the audience.

D. His string of violin got broken.

2 Why didnt Itzhak Perlman accept the fact on the stage?

A. He was a person of pride.

B. He thought the audience didnt see that.

C. He decided to succeed with bad conditions.

D. He didnt see the string get broken at all.

3 Why did the audience stand up after the performance?

A. They were moved by his spirit.

B. They were moved by his disease.

C. They laughed at his action.

D. They wanted to relax.

4 What is the best title for the passage?

A. When you lose the most important thing

B. How can you give it up easily?

C. Playing a violin with three strings

D. Playing a violin to yourself

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