题目内容

【题目】下表为某些化学键的键能(单位:kJ·mol-1)。

共价键

Cl—Cl

Br—Br

I—I

H—Cl

H—Br

H—I

H—H

键能

243

193

151

431

366

298

436

(1)下列氢化物中,最稳定的是__________。

A.HCl B.HBr C.HI D.HF

(2)1 mol H2在2 mol Cl2中燃烧,生成2 mol HCl气体,放出能量__________kJ。

(3)相同条件下,X2(X代表Cl、Br、I)分别与氢气反应,若消耗等物质的量的氢气时,放出热量最多的是__________。推测1 mol H2在足量F2中燃烧比在足量Cl2中燃烧放热__________(填“多”或“少”)。

【答案】(1)D (2)183 (3)Cl2

【解析】稳定性是化学性质,与键能的大小有关,由于键能H—Cl键>H—Br键>H—I键,故推测键能H—F键>H—Cl键,键能越大,分子越稳定,所以HF最稳定。H2+Cl2===2HCl,生成2 mol HCl时,断键时吸收能量:436 kJ+243 kJ=679 kJ,成键时放出能量:2×431=862 kJ,反应共放出183 kJ能量。由此可算出1 mol H2与1 mol Br2、1 mol I2反应分别放出的能量为103 kJ、9 kJ,判断出三者放出热量关系为Cl2>Br2>I2

练习册系列答案
相关题目

【题目】七选五

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

体裁

话题

词数

难度

建议时间

说明

鲨鱼的习性及其对维持海洋生态平衡的重要性

249

★★☆☆☆

5分钟

Sharks have lived in the world’s oceans for millions of years. A shark has a very good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. These powerful senses help sharks find their food. 1

Sharks grow slowly. About forty percent of all sharks lay eggs. 2 Some sharks carry their young inside their bodies as humans do. Some sharks are not able to reproduce until they are twenty years old. Most reproduce only every two years. And they give birth to fewer than ten young sharks. For this reason, over-fishing of sharks is of special danger to the future of the animal.

3 They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too great. This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.

People hunt sharks for sport, food, medicine and their skin. Experts say the international market for some kinds of sharks has increased because many parts of a shark are valuable. 4 Shark liver oil is a popular source of Vitamin. The skin of a shark can be used like leather. In Asia, people enjoy a kind of soup made from shark fins. Experts say a fisherman can earn a lot of money for even one kilogram of shark fins.

Sharks are among the oldest animals on Earth. 5 If too many sharks in one area are killed, the group of sharks may never return to normal population levels.

A. The others give birth to their young.

B. Sharks are important for the world’s oceans.

C. This is a threat to other forms of life in the ocean.

D. Collectors pay thousands of dollars for the jaws of a shark.

E. But some sharks are in danger of disappearing from Earth.

F. Sharks are valuable to us and we can make full use of them.

G. Sharks eat fish, other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.

违法和不良信息举报电话:027-86699610 举报邮箱:58377363@163.com

精英家教网