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Chimps(ºÚÐÉÐÉ) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (±¾ÄÜ) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food.

In the laboratory, chimps don¡¯t naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random ---he just doesn¡¯t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.

Human children, on the other hand are extremely corporative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate a achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.

There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught .but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence.Develops in children before their general cognitive£¨ÈÏÖªµÄ£©skills,at least when compared with chimps..In tests conducted by Tomtasell, the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests, but were considerably better at understanding the social world

The cure of what children¡¯s minds have and chimps¡¯ don¡¯t in what Tomasello calls what. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a ¡°we¡±, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.

¡¾1¡¿What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?

A. Chimps seldom care about others¡¯ interests.

B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children.

C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors¡¯ food.

D. Chimps naturally share food with each other.

¡¾2¡¿Michael Tomasello¡¯s tests on young children indicate that they____.

A. have the instinct to help others

B. know how to offer help to adults

C. know the world better than chimps

D. trust adults with their hands full

¡¾3¡¿The passage is mainly about ____.

A. the helping behaviors of young children

B. ways to train children¡¯s shared intentionality

C. cooperation as a distinctive human nature

D. the development of intelligence in children

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Television is everywhere around us. Yet it is great for learning English. The pictures make it easier to understand than radio and because you can see who¡¯s talking, and get a better idea of what people mean. Just watch their ¡°body language¡±! Watch programs that you find enjoyable and entertaining. ¡¾1¡¿

Here¡¯s the english-at-home.com guide to learning as much as possible while watching English television:

¡¾2¡¿ Learning English should be fun ¨C¨C not something that you have to force yourself to do. If you have a passion for football, watch matches or the sports news.

Keep a notebook near to your television. ¡¾3¡¿ This is especially useful. You can look for programs with sub-titles in your own language.

Try to watch English television regularly. Even if you can only watch 15 minutes a day, you¡¯ll be amazed how much you learn.

Don¡¯t worry if you don¡¯t understand everything. English television is normally aimed at native English speakers. ¡¾4¡¿ If the programs that you¡¯re watching are full of unknown words, just concentrate on understanding the general meaning.

Keep a note of television programs and presenters that you find easy to understand and try to watch them regularly. ¡¾5¡¿ Soon you will impress your friends with your English skills.

A. Don¡¯t watch the programs too easy for you.

B. Better watch programs that you find interesting.

C. Programs often include many difficult words.

D. English learning has little to do with watching TV.

E. Whatever you watch will help you improve your English.

F. Doing this will increase your confidence in learning English.

G. You can take down any new words or expressions that you hear.

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