[题目]How badly reform is needed was recently by the rising youth crime figures.A. suspected B. indicatedC. influenced D. announced 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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【题目】How badly reform is needed was __________ recently by the rising youth crime figures.

A. suspected

B. indicated

C. influenced

D. announced

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。indicate“表明”。句意为：近来年轻人犯罪率的提高表明改革是多么的急迫。suspect“怀疑”；influence“影响”；announce“宣布”。

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【题目】阅读下面的文字，完成下题。

艺术品的接受在过去并不被看作是重要的美学问题，20世纪解释学兴起，一个名为“接受美学”的美学分支应运而生，于是研究艺术品的接受成为艺术美学中的显学。

过去，通常只是从艺术家的立场出发，将创作看作艺术家审美经验的结晶过程，作品完成就意味着创作完成。而从接受美学的角度来看，这一完成并不说明创作已经终结，它只说明创作的第一阶段告一段落，接下来是读者或观众、听众的再创作。由于未被阅读的作品的价值包括审美价值仅仅是一种可能的存在，只有通过阅读，它才转化为现实的存在，因此对作品的接受具有艺术本体的意义，也就是说，接受者也是艺术创作的主体之一。

艺术文本即作品对于接受者来说具有什么意义呢？接受美学的创始人、德国的伊瑟尔说艺术文本是一个“召唤结构”，因为文本有“空白”“空缺”“否定”三个要素。所谓“空白”，是说它有一些东西没有表达出来，作者有意不写或不明写，要接受者用自己的生活经验与想象去补充；所谓“空缺”，是语言结构造成的各个图像间的空白，接受者在阅读文本时要把一个个句子表现的图像片断连接起来，整合成一个有机的图像系统；所谓“否定”，指文本对接受者生活的现实具有否定的功能，它能引导接受者对现实进行反思和批判。由此可见，文本的召唤性需要接受者呼应和配合，完成艺术品的第二次创作。正如中国古典美学中的含蓄与简洁，其有限的文字常常引发出读者脑海中的丰富意象。

接受者作为主体，他对文本的接受不是被动的。海德格尔提出“前理解”，即理解前的心理文化结构，这种结构影响着理解。理解不可能是文本意义的重现，而只能是文本与“前理解”的统一。这样，文本与接受就呈现出一种相互作用的关系：一方面文本在相当程度上规定了接受者理解的范围、方向，让理解朝它的本义靠拢；另一方面，文本不可能将接受者完全制约住、规范住，接受者必然会按照自己的方式去理解作品，于是不可避免地就会出现误读或创造。从某种意义上说，理解就是误读，创造也是误读，不要希望所有的接受者都持同样的理解，也不要希望所有的理解都与艺术家的本旨一致，那样并不意味着艺术作品的成功。

文本一经产生就成为历史，它所表达的思想感情、所反映的生活，都只能是过去的，而理解总是现在进行时。当我们接受历史上的艺术作品时，我们当然可以设身处地想象古人的生活，体验古人的思想感情，但我们毕竟是现代人，只能按照我们现在的心理文化结构去理解古人。当然，任何理解都只能是个体的理解，但个体毕竟是与群体相通的，所以个体的理解中也有普遍性。理解作为现实的行为具有通向实践的品格，艺术品正是通过理解走向现实，并在生活中发挥作用的。不是别的，正是理解擦亮了艺术品的生命之光。

（摘编自陈望衡《艺术是什么》）

下列关于原文内容的表述，不正确的一项是（）

A．在过去，艺术品的接受并不属于美学的研究范围，而当接受美学诞生以后，关于艺术品的接受的研究就成为艺术美学中的一门显学。

B．在接受美学诞生以前，人们一般的认识是：整个创作过程就是艺术家的审美经验不断结晶的过程，艺术品一旦形成，创作也就大功告成。

C．接受美学认为，艺术品在艺术家手中产生出来，这只是艺术创作的第一阶段，读者、观众、听众对艺术品的接受是艺术创作的继续。

D．通过读者、观众和听众的接受，艺术作品的价值才从一种可能的存在转化为现实的存在，从这个意义上说，接受也属于艺术创作的一部分。

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