Geography is the study of Earth and its climates. Scientists use it to study global warming and track the weather. Governments use it to learn where people live and work and to plan what to do with the land. It is now easier than ever to use geography because of a science called space technology.

The United States launched its first satellite in 1958. Some space missions that followed were geographical studies. In fact, earth science is a big part of the work of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Astronauts looked out of the space shuttle. They decided to take photographs of Earth from their vantage point. Over the years, picture quality improved. Shuttle photography now shows land features, such as rivers. It can even show the streets of large cities. Photos of the same places at different times show how the land is changing.

NASA does not use just photographs, though. In 1958 it launched TIROS (the Television Infrared Observation Satellite). This first use of a satellite to study Earth was effective in giving weather forecasts. It led to the creation of new space tools to use in geography.

The Landsat Program began in 1972. This satellite sent detailed views of Earth from space. The pictures were so precise that scientists could count the number and kinds of crops in a field. Landsat showed where Earth’s surface had faults along which earthquakes might happen. This information helped in the planning of new cities and factories. Landsat also made discoveries. In Antarctica it located ranges of unknown mountains. It pinpointed small lakes in Virginia that were no ton maps. Landsat, now more advanced, still flies today.

Another space tool is Earth Observing-1 (EO-1). This spacecraft flies right behind Landsat. It takes pictures of the same sites. The two sets of pictures, viewed together, show how cities grow and how other places, such as rain forests, become smaller over time. This helps scientists learn how people affect geography.

One of the newest space tools is the Geographical Information Systems (GIS). GIS is computer software that helps scientists to study Earth. GIS is different from earlier space tools. Businesses, schools, and even average people — not just the government —can use it to show them how changes in the planet might affect them.

1.Why do governments study geography according to the passage?

A.To improve the environment. B.To make the land use plan.

C.To make new discoveries. D.To count the crops in a field.

2.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.The U.S. satellite program began in 1972. B.Landsat was able to take pictures of other planets.

C.TIROS was successful in giving weather forecasts. D.GIS can only be used by the government.

3.From the passage, we can infer that ________.

A.GIS is the newest computer to study Earth

B.NASA only depends on photos to study Earth

C.satellite pictures can give more detailed information

D.recent U.S. satellites are as advanced as the old ones

配对阅读。请将左栏 5 个人遇到的紧急情况和右栏七个不同的急救方式进行配对。并将答案写在答题卡相应题目的答题位置上。

Sally often takes a banana to school for lunch. She often puts a banana in her bag in the morning, and when she opens the bag at noon, the banana looks as if someone drove a car over it.

Rose wants to know whether her breath smells nice or not? But it's difficult to know, because it's very hard to smell the air that comes out of your own mouth.

John used to have a watch that can tell him the time and temperature during the day. However, it doesn't work these days and he wants to buy something that can be worn more easily.

It is reported that many people die as a result of breathing smoke or from cooking over wood-powered or coal-powered stoves. Anna wants to buy a cooker to avoid this problem.

Bruce often reads the news about food safety from newspaper, magazines or TV. It has great influences on people's health. He wants to find something that can help him check whether the food is safe or not.

A. Alarm Fork

Well, this special fork has two lights: one green and one red. When the green light is on, it's OK to take a bite of food. The fork "knows" when you take a bite, and soon the red light goes on. Wait for the green light before you take another bite.

B. Apple Watch

It can not only tell you the right time and the temperature. It also has a set of technology that can collect a lot of health data. It can record your every movement and even tell you whether you sleep well or not.

C. Time Temp Glasses

These special glasses show the time above your right eye and the temperature above your left eye. It is surely easier than wearing a watch, and you never have to guess the temperature.

D. Smell This

Smell This is useful for you to make sure your breath smell nice or not. Smell This covers your nose and your mouth, so it is easy to smell the air that comes out of your mouth.

E. “Sol-4” Cooker

The cooker is also much ''friendlier" than other cookers because it produces less smoke and the user would be less likely to have breathing illnesses from harmful smoke.

F. Kuaisou

The new chopsticks, called Kuaisou, are able to pick up a variety of readings on food freshness, acidity(酸碱度)and nutrients (营养).They allow people to take food safety into their own hands through an app on smart phones.

G. Banana Suitcase

Are you worrying about the banana in your bag? If you put your banana in the Banana Suitcase, it can keep a banana safe, delicious, and looking like a banana!

1._________

2._________

3._________

4._________

5._________

Mr. and Mrs. Black opened a small restaurant. In order to attract customers, they put a notice in front of the restaurant that said “Meals on the House for Three Days.”

A foreign student who didn't know much English happened to pass by the restaurant on the second day. It was lunchtime and he felt very hungry. “ Well, here is a restaurant. I am going to have something to eat.” He walked towards the restaurant when he saw the notice. “ American people are really strange. They even eat dinners on their houses! But how can I get up to the top of the house?” he said to himself. He looked around and found a ladder against a tree nearby. He started climbing up. But as he reached the top, he heard someone shouting at him. “Hey, what are you doing up there?” Mr. Black shouted at him. Next to him was a policeman. “ Doesn’t your notice say ‘Meals on the House for Three Days’? Is it just a joke?” the foreign student answered.

On hearing this, both Mr. Black and the policeman laughed. “ Do you know what ON THE HOUSE means? Look it up in the dictionary,” the policeman said.

1.How did Mr. and Mrs. Black attract customers?

A.They played jokes on them.

B.They offered them meals 24 hours a day.

C.They let them enjoy meals on the top of their house.

D.They put up a notice in front of their restaurant.

2.How much English did the foreign student know?

A.A lot B.A little C.None D.An average(平均)amount

3.The foreign student decided to have __________at Mr. Black’s restaurant.

A.breakfast B.lunch C.dinner D.nothing

4.The phrase “ on the house” probably means “ _____________ ”.

A.美味的 B.屋顶上的 C.家常的 D.免费的

5.Mr. Black and the policeman laughed at the young man because _____________.

A.he climbed up trees B.he was very hungry

C.he misunderstood the notice D.he was a foreign student

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