Question

【题目】

The environmental group Greenpeace reported that plastic and chemical pollution are often found in snow and seawater collected in Antarctica（南极）. Greenpeace collected water and snow samples（样本）from Antarctica during a visit this year. Laboratory tests proved the effect of human on the Antarctic.

"It was about one microplastic piece at least per liter（升）. It's worth worrying." said Greenpeace's Louisa Casson. Microplastics are extremely small parts of plastics. They come from the breakdown of bottles and other plastic waste in the world's oceans. In addition to microplastics, the Greenpeace study also proved that the presence of other chemicals and some harmful matter. These chemicals are widely used in industrial production and affect the birth and development of wildlife.

Plastic has been shown to harm wildlife. An example of this happened in southern Thailand. That was when a pilot whale died after eating up 80 pieces of plastic waste. Tests illustrated the waste weighed about eight kilograms.

International care about plastic pollution is rising. In India, Prime Minister Modi recently promised to ban all single-use plastic by 2022. In the city of Mumbai, Bollywood movie stars have been taking part in waste clean-up activities at Versova beach.

Plastic has been found in every corner of the world's oceans, from the bottom of the Pacific Mariana Trench to Antarctica. World governments decide on a European Union advice to create an Antarctic Ocean Protection Zone. At 1.8 million square kilometers, the area will be the largest protected one on the Earth.

【1】Greenpeace collected water and snow samples showing_______________.

A.the currents never play a role of protection

B.human has an effect on the Antarctic

C.more people have come to the Antarctic

D.microplastic pieces were newly found

【2】Microplastics can come from _______________according to the passage.

A.waste paperB.ring-pull cansC.plastic bagsD.one-off chopsticks

【3】What does the underlined word “illustrated” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese?

A.表明B.讲述C.想象D.推测

【4】To deal with the ocean pollution，world governments decide to_______________.

A.reduce the production of plastics

B.tell people to pick up the waste on beaches

C.tell people to recycle plastics

D.build some ocean protection areas

【5】What does the text mainly talk about?

A.The serious situation of plastic pollution.

B.The serious situation of pollution in oceans.

C.The serious situation of chemical pollution.

D.The methods of reducing water pollution.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】C

【3】A

【4】D

【5】B

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。文中依据绿色和平组织对南极和海洋环境的科学研究，向人们揭示了人类活动对环境的不利影响，尤其是塑料和化学品等垃圾的危害。同时文中也提到了人类为保护环境做出的努力。

【1】细节理解题。题干意为：绿色和平组织收集了水样和雪样，表明了_______。根据第一段最后两句“Greenpeace collected water and snow samples（样本）from Antarctica during a visit this year. Laboratory tests proved the effect of human on the Antarctic.”可知绿色和平组织收集了水样和雪样，经测验证明了人类对南极产生的影响。故选B。

【2】细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章，塑料微粒可以来自于_______。根据常识以及第二段第四句“They come from the breakdown of bottles and other plastic waste in the world's oceans.”可知应该是来自塑料废物，只有塑料袋符合。故选C。

【3】词义猜测题。题干意为：第三段中划线单词“illustrated”的中文意思可能是什么？根据句子“Tests illustrated the waste weighed about eight kilograms. ”可知，测试表明，这些垃圾重约8公斤。此处是指实验表明垃圾约重达8千克。故选A。

【4】细节理解题。题干意为：为了解决海洋污染，世界政府决定_______。根据最后一段中的“World governments decide on a European Union advice to create an Antarctic Ocean Protection Zone. At 1.8 million square kilometers, the area will be the largest protected one on the Earth.”可知一些海洋保护区将被建立。故选D。

【5】主旨大意题。题干意为：文章主要讲的什么？A项：塑料污染的严重情况；B项：海洋污染的严重情况；C项：化学污染的严重情况；D项：减少水污染的方法。通读全文可知，本文讲得是日益严重的海洋污染及对策。故选B。

本题的第3小题是词义猜测题。词义猜测题是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，所猜测词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。本题可以利用上下文语境来猜测词意。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。