题目内容
【题目】根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Why so many fires?
California is burning! Wildfires have spread across the US State since Oct 23 and smoke has filled its skies.
Take the Kincade Fire in northern California for example. It forced ( 迫 使 ) 200,000 people to e【1】its path within one week. The state’s largest power (电力) company cut power to about 206,000 homes in order to s【2】 more fires from breaking out, CBS News reported.
California has seen many wildfires in recent years. Nine of the 10 biggest fires have happened since 2000, i【3】five since 2010, according to The New York Times.
Why is this? California has the perfect wildfire c【4】, Park Williams, a US climate expert (气候专家), told The New York Times. It has dry air and high temperatures from spring through late fall. At the same time, seasonal winds blow across the state every year, causing the wildfires to spread q【5】and last for weeks.
Global warming has also made the fires worse in recent years. It has dried out the state’s trees and o【6】 plant life, causing them to burn more easily.
H 【7】have played a role as well. Burning campfires, garbage debris ( 碎 片 ),and cigarette butts (烟头) can easily cause wildfires. For example, one fire started last year when a car got a flat tire (漏气的轮胎). The car’s body met the road and sent out sparks (火花 ), starting a f【8】.
Lightning strikes (雷击) and volcanic eruptions (火山爆发) can also cause wildfires. However, people have caused 90 percent of California’s wildfires, according to the US National Park Service.
More about wildfires
Wildfires often happen in wooded areas in the US, Canada and Australia. They are also k 【9】 as forest fires or grass fires in Australia.
Wildfires can burn at over 900℃ and reach heights of more than 50 meters. They can move at speeds of up to 23 kilometers an hour, burning e【10】 – trees, brush, homes, even people – in their path.
【答案】
【1】escape
【2】stop
【3】including
【4】conditions
【5】quickly
【6】other
【7】Humans
【8】fire
【9】known
【10】everything
【解析】
本文介绍了加利福尼亚州易发生火灾,对人们生活造成的影响和造成火灾的诸多原因。
【1】句意:它迫使20万人在一周之内逃离那个地方。
由文中第一段可知,加利福尼亚北部经常会发生火灾,人们为了安全和生活,要逃离火灾易发的地区。由首字母提示可知,填escape;这里有固定句式force sb. to do sth.,所以应用动词原形,故填escape。
【2】句意:为了阻止火灾的爆发,该州最大的电力公司给大约206000家庭切断电力。
上文中提及,人们会搬离那些易发生火灾的地方,电力公司也减少电力,从而防止火灾更大概率的发生。结合首字母提示可知,填stop。这里填空前有固定短语in order to do sth.,为了做某事,这里应是动词原形,所以填stop。
【3】句意:自从2000年开始,10起大火中就有9起是野火,根据纽约时报,自从2010年开始就有5起。
文中强调最近野火易发,2000年开始就有10起大火中有9起就是野火,而其中5起发生在2010年之后,更是突出了近年来野火频发,“包括”include有两种形式,一种是被“包括”included,一种是主动“包括”including,文中是说2010起就“包括”5起火灾,所以应是主动,自然“包括”,不属于被动“包括”,所以填including。
【4】句意:加利福尼亚州有着野火发生的最好的环境。
文中介绍,为什么野火易发,因为加利福尼亚州有着良好的易于野火发生的环境。结合首字母提示可知,填condition;而环境状态是由多种因素组成,所以这里应该用复数形式conditions。
【5】句意:同时,每年都有季风吹拂过这个州,造成了野火蔓延更加迅速,并且持续好几周。
本段介绍野火容易发生的情况,因为有季风的助力,所以火灾能扩散的更快,引起更大的火灾,这里是修饰动词spread,所以应用副词quickly。故填quickly。
【6】句意:它使得树和其他植物干枯,使他们更容易燃烧。
本段介绍,近年来全球气候变暖,使得植物水分蒸发更快,变得干涸,所以更容易引起火灾。结合首字母提示可知,填other;此处是指使其他植物干枯。故填other。
【7】句意:人类也扮演了重要角色。
由后文“Burning campfires, garbage debris ( 碎 片 ), and cigarette butts (烟头) … 焚烧田野,垃圾碎片,烟头。可知,这些都是人类产生的并且容易引起野火,所以这里应该说的是人类对于引起野火也有一定的责任,这里人类应表泛指,不是某个特定的人,所以是复数humans。故填Humans。
【8】句意:车身与地面接触摩擦,引起的火花,从而引发火灾。
这里介绍的是人们偶尔的行为也可能引起火灾,汽车轮胎漏气后,与地面产生的火花,也经常会引起火灾,因为前面有不定冠词a修饰,表示一起,所以这里是单数fire。故填fire。
【9】句意:它们在澳大利亚也被认为是森林火灾或草地火灾。
由语境和首字母提示可知,填know;此处是一般现在时的被动语态,其结构是:am/is/are+动词的过去分词。故填known。
【10】句意:它们可以以每小时23公里的速度移动,烧毁路上的所有东西——树木、灌木丛、房屋,甚至人。
根据“trees, brush, homes, even people – in their path.”路上的——树木、灌木丛、房屋,甚至人。以及首字母提示可知,填everything;此处是指路上所有的东西都可以被烧毁。故填everything。
【题目】 You can’t play, walk, skate or ride a bike on the railroad(铁路). There are many places where the railroad tracks(轨道) cross roads or streets. Many of these railroad crossings are marked with one of the signs in the table below.
This sign means you are coming to a railroad crossing. Always look both sides and listen carefully to make sure a train is not coming from either direction before crossing the tracks. | |
Many railroad crossings have a gate with flashing(闪光的) lights. The gate will close when a train is coming. ● NEVER go around a closed railroad gate. ● NEVER try to get across the tracks before the train gets there. | |
Some railroad crossings which don’t have gates may have this sign. When the lights are flashing, a train is coming. You should wait until the train passes before trying to cross the tracks. |
Be careful when crossing railroad tracks:
● Railroad tracks are uneven(凹凸不平的). You should not bicycle, skate or run when crossing tracks.
● Trains are very large and heavy, and take a long time to stop.
● Sometimes when a train has just passed from one direction, another train may be coming from the opposite direction. You might not notice the second train because of the noise from the first train.
【1】When you see the first sign, you should________.
A.not pass the railroad tracksB.stop to wait for a train to pass
C.make sure no train is coming before you cross the tracksD.pass the railroad tracks at once
【2】Where can you see the third sign?
A.On the railroad tracks.B.At the train stations.
C.At railroad crossings that have gates.D.At railroad crossings that have no gates.
【3】What can we learn from the passage?
A.It takes a short time for a train to stop.
B.We might not notice the second train because it travels smoothly and silently.
C.It’s safe to keep away from a closed railroad gate.
D.We should cross the tracks immediately after a train has just passed.