We are always using body language in our daily life.When we have a conversation with someone,we may be using more body language than words.However,the same body language may mean different things in different countries.That’s why people sometimes do not understand each other correctly.Pointing to one part of the body can mean differently in different cultures.
For example,in the U.S.A.people point to their heads when they think someone is clever.However,in Europe it means“He or she is stupid or something is wrong with his or her head.”
In our Chinese culture,nodding our head up and down means“yes”and shaking our head from side to side means“no”.However,in parts of India,Greece and Turkey,it means just the opposite.
In England or the U.S.A.,when you raise your hand and make a circle with the thumb(拇指)and the second finger,it means“You’re all right or everything is OK.”However,if we do this in France or Belgium,it means“You’re worth zero.”In Greece or Turkey,we should not make this gesture,or we will be thought to be very rude.
The meaning of gestures can also change over time.In the 1960s,the V sign meant“peace”.However,during World War Ⅱ,it meant“victory”.In Greece,it is a very insulting (污辱性)sign.
Though the meaning of body language is different, there are some expressions having the same meaning all over the world, such as smiling and crying.   
根据短文内容.用简洁的句子或短语完成下列表格。
 
People pointing to their heads
In the U.S.A.
In Europe
They think someone is clever.
He or she is stupid or  something is wrong with his or her head.
Nodding one’s head up and
down
In China
【小题1】_______________              
It means “yes”.
It means “no”.
Raising one’s hand and making,a circle with the thumb and the second finger
In England or the U.S.A.
In France Or Belgium.
【小题2】_____________
You’re worth zero.
The V sign
【小题3】_____________             
During World War Ⅱ
It meant “peace”.
It meant “victory”.
Some expressions like 【小题4】___________             
Having the same meaning all over the world
 

If you have failed in the past to try to make big changes in life,try again now,one tiny step at a time.
Every year it’s the same.As December comes to an end,you think about the new year and all the ways you want to improve your life. But as you start to write down your hopes for the new year,you think about the last year.You excitedly write down all the changes you are going to make,but by the end of January those ideas get lost in your busy life.
Here’s a suggestion:Forget the too big,hard-to-achieve goals(目标) and just think about the small ones.“We often think that we have to do everything in big steps, even though it’s so hard for us to reach it.” said Robert Maurer,who recently wrote the book One Small Step Can Change Your Life.“What we try to do is to begin with such a small step that we can’t find any excuse not to do it.”
“Kaizen”,a Japanese word,is used to mean to change behavior and attitudes(态度).During World War Il,American factory managers were able to increase productivity by trying small, continuous improvements instead of sudden changes.After the war,the idea was brought to a rebuilding Japan.It made Japan develop fast. The Japanese called it “kaizen”, which means “improvement”.
Maurer studied the idea and did some experiments with it. “Kaizen” could possibly help people succeed in doing everything
【小题1】Robert Maurer wrote a book to tell us           .

A.we should do everything in big steps
B.how to change one’s life with one small step
C.we should try a lot of sudden changes
D.how to find a small step without any excuse
【小题2】The writer of the passage suggests we should           .
A.make changes at the end of the year
B.do few experiments with “kaizen”
C.do things with hard-to-achieve goals
D.take a tiny step to achieve big goals
【小题3】Which of the following is TRUE from the passage?
A.Robert Maurer studied “kaizen” and found it helpful.
B.You can achieve your goals if you are not too busy.
C.You can’t find any excuse not to reach a big goal.
D.“Kaizen” was brought to Japan during World WarⅡ.

Did you ever wonder how some of your favorite foods, products or toys came about? Believe it or not, they may have been an accident, or a failure of some other intention. Below, we found three mistakes we’re thankful for turned out to be what they are.

1. Most historians hold that the Chinese invented fireworks in the 9th century when they discovered how to make gunpowder. Story has it that a Chinese cook accidentally mixed together what were then considered common kitchen items and noticed they burnt. When put tightly in a bamboo tube and lit, it blew up.

2. In May of 1886, a law led John Pemberton, a pharmacist(药剂师), to rewrite the formula(配方) for “Pemberton’s French Wine Coca”, his popular headache treatment. Containing sugar instead of wine as a sweetener, the outcome became something for Coke, which was later mixed with carbonated(碳酸) water. His bookkeeper suggested the name Coca-Cola because he thought the two C’s would look good together, which is how what we call Coca-Cola, a world-wide drink came into being.

3. During World WarⅡ, scientists at the University of Birmingham invented the magnetron(磁控管)—an important heat-producing part of the microwave oven. While working for Raytheon Corporation after the war, the American engineer Percy Spencer was testing the magnetron when a chocolate bar in his pocket melted. He went on to test other foods including popcorn kernels(仁), and found it to be a much more efficient way to cook. In 1947 Raytheon came out with the first restaurant microwave oven, which was six feet tall and weighed 750 lbs.
【小题1】The right time order of the three inventions should be ________.

A.fireworks, the microwave and Coca-Cola
B.fireworks, Coca-Cola and the microwave
C.Coca-Cola, fireworks and the microwave
D.the microwave, Coca-Cola and fireworks
【小题2】Percy Spencer found the microwave efficient in cooking when he was ________.
A.looking for a way to melt his chocolate
B.trying to know how a magnetron could cook
C.working to know how the magnetron works
D.asked to invent a restaurant microwave oven
【小题3】The underlined phrase “ blew up” might mean _______ in Chinese.
A.爆炸B.膨胀C.升华D.蒸发
【小题4】What can we learn from the above invention stories?
A.Experiments make great inventors of our time.
B.Nothing is impossible if one tries each day.
C.Inventors come out of hard work at any time.
D.A small incident may lead to a great invention.

If you have failed in the past to try to make big changes in life, try again now, one tiny step at a time.

     Every year it's the same. As December comes to an end, you think about the new year and all the ways you want to improve your life. But as you start to write down your hopes for the new year, you think about the last year. You excitedly write down all the changes you are going to make, but by the end of January those ideas get lost in your busy life.

Here's a suggestion: Forget the too big, hard-to-achieve goals and just think about the small ones. “We often think that we have to do everything in big steps, even though it's so hard for us to reach it.” said Robert Maurer, who recently wrote the book One Small Step Can Change Your Life. “What we try to do is to begin with such a small step that we can’t find any excuse not to do it.”

     “Kaizen”, a Japanese word, is used to mean to change behavior and attitudes (态度). During World War II, American factory managers were able to increase productivity by trying small, continuous improvements instead of sudden changes. After the war, the idea was brought to a rebuilding (重建) Japan. It made Japan develop fast. The Japanese called it “kaizen”, which means “improvement”.

Maurer studied the idea and did some experiments with it. “Kaizen” could possibly help people succeed in doing everything.

1.At the end of December, people usually ___________ .

A. plan for the last year           B. fail to make big changes

C. try to lose their ideas           D. think about the new year  

2.Robert Maurer wrote a book to tell us ___________ .

A. we should do everything in big steps

B. how to find a small step without any excuse

C. we should try a lot of sudden changes

D. how to change one’s life with one small step

3. The underlined part “increase productivity” in the passage means “___________ “.

A. 增加成本      B. 提高待遇       C. 提高生产率      D. 增加出口量

4. The writer of the passage suggests we should ___________ .

A. take a tiny step to achieve big goals

B. make changes at the end of the year

C. do few experiments with “kaizen”

D. do things with hard-to-achieve goals 

5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. You can't find any excuse not to reach a big goal.

B. You can achieve your goals if you are not too busy.

C. ”Kaizen” was brought to Japan during World WarⅡ.

D. Robert Maurer studied “kaizen” and found it helpful.

 

Inventors are always looking for ways to make our lives easier, greener and more fun. Here are just a few examples of inventions.

                                                 Crayons were invented by Edwin Binney and C. Harold Smith. They had a paint company in New York City. The new crayons were made of wax(蜡)and different pigments(颜料). In 1903,Binney and Smith put the first box of eight“Crayola Crayons”on the market. These new crayons were a great success. 

                                Remote control technology(遥控技术)has been used since the early 1930s. During World War1, Germans used remote control boats. The TV remote control was first put on the market in 1950. Zenith Radio Company created the first TV remote control, called the “lazy Bone”. It could turn the TV on and off and could change programs.

       Bow Lingual(犬语翻译机),named by the US

Time Magazine as a “BEST invention of 2002”,

has two parts. A microphone is tied to the dog’s neck and sends out sound information to the gadget(小挂件)held by the owner. Then the translation is done in the gadget with kinds of dog barks.

          Some students in South Korea have a new language teacher :an robot of English-teaching :The robot is 157cm tall and speaks both Korea and English .It can make16 kinds of faces .The robot-teachers are helping to solve a shortage of English teachers there. Could robots replace human teachers one day?

1. The first box of crayons was put on the market ________ .

A. in 1900  B. in 1903  C. in 1950   D. in 2002

2.During World War1, Germans used remote control to control _________ .

A. trains    B. planes   C. boats    D. TVs

3._________ is one of the greatest inventions of 2002 according to the US Time Magazine.

A. The crayon                B. Bow Lingual

C. The TV remote control   D. The English- teaching robot

4. The English- teaching robot can speak ________ .

A. English and Chinese     B. English and French

C. Korean and Japanese    D. English and Korean

5.Which of the following is TRUE?

A.Bow Lingual’s microphone is tied to the dog’s neck.

B. The English-teaching robot can make six faces in class.

C. Remote control technology has been used since early 1930.

D. The robot- teachers can help provide the USA with more English teachers.

 

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