Dreams are expressions of thoughts, feelings and events that pass through our mind while we are sleeping. Everybody dreams. But only some people remember their dreams. Our dreams often include all the senses—smells, sounds, sights, tastes and things we touch. We dream in colour. Sometimes we dream the same dream over and over again. These repeated dreams are often unpleasant. They may even be nightmares—bad dreams that frighten us.
Early in the twentieth century, two famous scientists developed their personal ideas about dreams. Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud published a book called “The Interpretation(诠释) of Dreams” in 1900. Freud believed people often dream about things they want but can’t have. These dreams often have something to do with sex and aggression(侵犯). Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung worked closely with Freud for several years, but he believed dreams could help people grow and understand themselves. He believed dreams provide solutions(解答) to problems we face when we are awake. He didn’t believe dreams hide our feelings about sex or aggression. Today we know more about the science of dreaming because researchers can take pictures of people’s brains while they are sleeping.
Other researchers are studying how dreaming helps our bodies work with problems and very sad emotions(感情). Robert Stickgold is a professor of psychiatry at Harvard University in Massachusetts. Doctor Stickgold says that when we dream, the brain is trying to make sense of the world. He does not agree with Sigmund Freud that dreaming is the way we express our hidden feelings and desires(愿望).
Scientists believe it is important to keep researching dreams. Doctor Stickgold says it has been more than one hundred years since Sigmund Freud published his important book about dreaming. Yet there is still no agreement on exactly how the brain works when we are dreaming or why we dream.
请根据短文内容,选择最佳答案, 将其标号在答题卡上涂黑。(每小题2分,共10分)
【小题1】 Dreams _________.
A.are remembered by everyone
B.express all that we think in our mind
C.include few senses and things we touch
D.are sometimes nightmares that repeat and frighten us
【小题2】 A book on dreaming was published by _________.
A.Sigmund FreudB.Robert StickgoldC.Carl JungD.the writer
【小题3】 In the passage, all the psychiatrists _________.
A.believe dreams can help people understand all the problems that they face
B.think dreams always hide someone’s feelings about sex or aggression
C.study dream and dreaming and have their own ideas
D.have the same idea that people often dream about the things they want
【小题4】From the passage, we know that _________.
A.Jung thought that dreams provide solutions to problems we face when we are sleeping
B.Freud developed the idea that dreams are expressions of people’s hidden feelings
C.scientists have known quite well why we dream because they can take pictures of our brains
D.other researchers have discovered how dreaming helps our bodies work with problems and very sad emotions
【小题5】Which would be the best title(标题) for the passage?
A.The Explanations of DreamsB.The Ways of Dreams
C.The Solutions to DreamsD.The Mystery(奥秘) of Dreams and Dreaming

Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy.  After all,you probably sing or whistle when you are happy.

    Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy. However,they sing most of the time for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.

Do you know what a 'territory' is? A territory is an area that an animal,usually the male,claims(声称)as its own. Only he and his family are welcome there. No other families of the same kind are welcome. Your garden and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome. If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten(威胁)you,you might shout. Probably this would be enough to frighten him away.

If so,you have actually scared the stranger away without having to fight him. A bird does the same thing. But he expects an outsider almost any time,especially at nesting(筑巢)season. So he is screaming all the time,whether he can see an outsider or not. This screaming is what we call a bird's song,and it is usually enough to keep an outsider away.

Birds sing loudest in the spring when they are trying to attract a mate and warn others not to enter the territory of theirs..

     You can see that birds have a language of their own. Most of it has to do with attracting mates and setting up territories.

1. Some scientists believe that most of the time bird's singing is actually _______.

      A. away of warning              B. an expression of happiness

      C. an expression of anger          D. away of greeting

2.What is a bird's "territory"?.

      A. A place where families of other kinds are not accepted.

      B. A place where a bird may shut at the top of its voice

      C. An area for which birds fight against each other.

      D. An area which a bird considers to be its own.

3. Why do birds keep on singing at nesting season?

      A. Because they want to invite more friends.

      B. Because they want to find outsiders around.

      C. Because their singing helps frighten outsiders away.

      D. Because their singing helps remove their fears.

4.How does the writer explain bird's singing?

A. By comparing birds with human beings.    B. By reporting experiment results.

C. By describing birds' daily life.        D. By telling a bird's story.

 

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