One of the most famous scientists to study adaptations (适应能力) was Charles Darwin (达尔文). He was born in England in 1809. He wasn't the best student in his school, but when he was 16, his father sent him to a medical school. Charles liked spending time outdoors observing (观察) nature more than attending medical classes and dropped out(辍学) without graduating.

??? Next, Charles' father sent him to school to become a minister (牧师). This time he made it to graduation. But he didn't want to do the work of a minister. His friends encouraged him to follow his interest in science.

??? After graduation, Charles was invited to sail on the Beagle as an unpaid scientist. He wasn't the first choice, but he was the lucky one to go. The Beagle was to travel to South America and then around the world. The crew's task was to make maps of the places they visited.

??? On December 27th, 1831 Charles Darwin sailed from England on the Beagle. The trip was planned to last two years. In fact, it lasted five. During this time, he saw many amazing things. He collected lots of plants and animals and took them back to England to study.

??? Twenty-three years later, Darwin published a scientific paper with another man named Wallace. Darwin described how some animals have adaptations that help them survive. They are passed on to offspring (后代). Darwin’s ideas about adaptations are still very important to the study of living things.

1.Darwin was very interested in _____.

A. attending medical classes???????????? B. the work of a minister

C. sailing around the world????????????? D. science

2.The Beagle was a(an) _____.

A. ship?????????????? B. plane??????????? C. plant???????? D. animal

3.When Darwin published the scientific paper, he was _____ years old.

A. twenty-three??????? B. twenty-two?????? C. forty-five????? D. fifty

4.The underlined word "they" in the last paragraph refers to (指的是) _____.

A. adaptations??????????????????????? B. Darwin and Wallace

C. animals?????????????????????????? D. Darwin's ideas

5.Which of the following is true?

A. Darwin graduated from a medical school.

B. Some animals have adaptations so that they can survive.

C. Darwin published a scientific paper by himself.

D. Darwin was first chosen to sail on the Beagle.

 

Imagine the situation. You are driving along a desert or on a mountain. You have no idea where you are. You passed the last house two hours ago. Then your car breaks down. It is night and it is cold. You have no mobile phone. What do you do? Well, next time take a GPS with you. This invention may be able to help you. It is a device(装置) which uses satellites (卫星) to find the user’s position(位置). It can find your position to within 20 metres. A GPS cannot start your car, but at least you will know where you are.

GPS, which means Global Positioning System, is a small radio receiver. It looks like a mobile phone. You can hold it in your hand, or put in your pocket. It is sometimes put into a watch or a telephone. We also find GPS devices in cars, planes, or boats. Some of these devices have electronic maps, so you know where you are. For example, in a city they can tell you the name of the street.

There are three parts to the Global Positioning System. The first part is the receiver. You can hold it in your hand, or have it fixed into your car, plane, etc. The second part is a group of satellites orbiting the Earth. The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates(计算) its position. The third part of the system is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world. They control the satellites and make sure they are working well.

Some people think that in the future the GPS will be as common as the mobile. They are becoming cheaper and more and more accurate(精确的). There are also new uses for the GPS. Perhaps they will become like watches. Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again.

1.According to the passage, with the help of the GPS, people __________.

A.can’t be lost in a new city

B.can’t find their way in different countries

C.can learn about the culture of an unknown place

D.can spend the least time getting to another place

2.We can learn from the passage that ____________.

A.there are three parts to the GPS

B.a GPS can’t be put into a watch

C.a GPS can help you start your car

D.the GPS are becoming more and more expensive

3.The underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 means “____________”.

A.Receivers         B.GPS devices        C.Satellites          D.Ground stations

4.The passage is mainly about _______________.

A.the history of the GPS                    B.the introduction of the GPS

C.the shape of the GPS                     D.the three parts of the GPS

5.What can we infer(推断) from the passage?

A.All GPS devices have electronic maps.

B.People in many countries will use the GPS for free.

C.The receiver of the GPS contacts at least five of the satellites.

D.The GPS will become more and more common in everyday life.

 

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