ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
þºÏ½ðµÄÇ¿¶È¸ß¡¢»úеÐÔÄܺã®ÕâЩÌØÐÔʹ½ðÊôþ³ÉΪÖÆÔìÆû³µ¡¢·É»ú¡¢»ð¼ýµÄÖØÒª²ÄÁÏ£¬´Ó¶ø»ñµÃ¡°¹ú·À½ðÊô¡±µÄÃÀÓþ£®º£Ë®ÌáþÊǹú¼ÊÉϵÄÖ÷ÒªÇ÷ÊÆ£¬¹¤ÒµÁ÷³ÌͼÈçÏ£ºÆä²½ÖèΪ£º
I£®½«º£±ß´óÁ¿´æÔڵı´¿Ç£¨Ö÷Òª³É·ÖΪCaCO3ìÑÉÕ³ÉÉúʯ»Ò£¬²¢½«Éúʯ»ÒÖƳÉʯ»ÒÈ飻
¢ò£®½«Ê¯»ÒÈé¼ÓÈëµ½º£Ë®·´Ó¦³ØÖУ¬¾¹ý³Á½µ¡¢¹ýÂ˵õ½Mg£¨OH£©2³Áµí£»
¢ó£®ÔÚMg£¨OH£©2³ÁµíÖмÓÈëÑÎËáÖк͵õ½MgCl2ÈÜÒº£¬ÔÙ¾Õô·¢½á¾§µÃµ½MgCl2?6H2O£»
¢ô£®½«MgCl2?6H2OÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þϼÓÈȵõ½ÎÞË®MgCl2£®
V£®µç½âÈÛÈÚµÄÎÞË®MgCl2¿ÉµÃµ½Mg£¨1£©Çë¸ù¾ÝÉÏÊö²½Öè»Ø´ðÎÊÌ⣺
¢Ùд³ö²½ÖèI¡¢¢óµÄÓйػ¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£º
I£®±´¿ÇìÑÉÕ³ÉÉúʯ»Ò
¢ó£®Mg£¨OH£©2³ÁµíÖмÓÈëÑÎËáÖкÍ
¢Ú²½ÖèI¡«VÖÐÓзֽⷴӦµÄÊÇ£¨Ìîд²½ÖèÐòºÅ£©£º
¢Û²½Öè11ÖеÄÕô·¢ÊÇÀûÓ÷紵ÈÕɹÀ´Íê³ÉµÄ£¬¶øÔÚʵÑéÊÒÖнøÐÐÕô·¢ÐèÒªµÄÖ÷ÒªÒÇÆ÷ÓÐ
¢ÜÉÏÊöº£Ë®ÌáþµÄÁ÷³ÌÖУ¬²ÉÈ¡ÁËÄÄЩ´ëÊ©À´½µµÍ³É±¾¡¢¼õÉÙÎÛȾµÄ£¿Çëд³öÆäÖÐÒ»µã£º
£¨2£©»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
¢ÙͼΪþԪËصÄijÖÖÁ£×ӽṹʾÒâͼ£¬¸Ãͼ±íʾ£¨ÌîÐòºÅ£©
A¡¢·Ö×Ó B¡¢Ô×Ó C¡¢ÑôÀë×ÓD¡¢ÒõÀë×Ó£®
¢ÚþÔ×ÓÔÚ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ÖÐÈÝÒ×ʧȥµç×Ó£¬Ã¾ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ£¨Ìî¡°»îÆá±»ò¡±²»»îÆá±£©
£¨3£©Îª²â¶¨Ô¼º¬Ã¾30%µÄþÂÁºÏ½ð£¨²»º¬ÆäËüÔªËØ£©ÖÐþµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý£®
¢ÙµÚһС×éÉè¼ÆÏÂÁÐʵÑé·½°¸£º³ÆÁ¿agþÂÁºÏ½ð·ÛÄ©£¬·ÅÔÚÈçͼËùʾװÖõĶèÐÔµçÈÈ°åÉÏ£¬Í¨µçʹÆä³ä·Ö×ÆÉÕ£®
ÌÖÂÛÒ»£ºÓû¼ÆËãþµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý£¬¸ÃʵÑéÖл¹Ðè²â¶¨µÄÒ»ÖÖÊý¾ÝÊÇ
ÌÖÂÛ¶þ£ºÈôÓÿÕÆø´úÌæO2½øÐÐʵÑ飬¶Ô²â¶¨½á¹û£¨Ìî¡°ÓС±»ò¡°ÎÞ¡±£©
¢ÚµÚ¶þС×éÉè¼ÆÏÂÁÐʵÑé·½°¸£º³ÆÈ¡b gþÂÁºÏ½ð£¬Óë×ãÁ¿µÄÏ¡ÑÎËáÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£®
Óû¼ÆËãþµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý£¬¸ÃʵÑéÖл¹Ðè²â¶¨µÄÒ»ÖÖÊý¾ÝÊÇ
·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©Ö÷Òª´Ó»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽµÄÊéдºÍ»ù±¾·´Ó¦ÀàÐ͵ÄÅжϻش𣺢ÙÊéд»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽҪ°´²½Öè½øÐУ¬Ê×ÏÈÕýȷд³ö·´Ó¦ÎïºÍÉú³ÉÎïµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½£¬ÔÙ½øÐÐÅäƽ£¬×îºó×¢Ã÷·´Ó¦Ìõ¼þ£®¢ÚÅжϷ´Ó¦ÀàÐÍÒª¸ù¾Ý·´Ó¦µÄÌص㣬·Ö½â·´Ó¦ÊÇÌصãÊÇÒ»ÖÖÎïÖʱä¶àÖÖÎïÖÊ£®¢ÛÊì¼ÇÕô·¢²Ù×÷ÒªÓõÄÒÇÆ÷£®¢Ü½µµÍ³É±¾¡¢¼õÉÙÎÛȾµÄ´ëÊ©Òª´Ó²úÎïµÄ³ä·ÖÀûÓ㬽ÚÔ¼ÄÜÔ´·½Ã濼ÂÇ£®
£¨2£©Ô×ӵĽṹʾÒâͼÖÐ×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊýÒÔ¼°ºËÄÚÖÊ×ÓÊýºÍºËÍâµç×ÓÊýµÄ¹Øϵ¾ö¶¨Á£×ÓµÄÐÔÖʺÍÖÖÀ࣮
£¨3£©¢ÙÒÑ֪þÂÁºÏ½ðΪa¿Ë£¬Ã¾ÂÁºÏ½ðȼÉÕºóÉú³ÉÑõ»¯Ã¾ÓëÑõ»¯ÂÁ£¬³Æ³ö·´Ó¦ºó¹ÌÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿Îªb¿Ë£¬ÎÒÃǾͿÉÒÔÉèþÂÁºÏ½ðÖÐþµÄÖÊÁ¿Îªx£¬ÔòÂÁµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª£¨a-x£©g£»ÉèÉú³É¹ÌÌåÖÐÑõ»¯Ã¾µÄÖÊÁ¿Îªy£¬ÔòÑõ»¯ÂÁµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª£¨b-y£©g£»È»ºó¸ù¾Ý»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÁгö±ÈÀýʽ£¬½â·½³Ì×éÇó½â¼´¿É£®
¢ÚÒÑ֪þÂÁºÏ½ðΪa¿Ë£¬Ã¾ÂÁºÏ½ðÓëËáºó»áÉú³ÉÇâÆø£¬³Æ³ö·´Ó¦ºóÉú³ÉÇâÆøµÄÖÊÁ¿Îªc¿Ë£¬ÎÒÃǾͿÉÒÔÉèþÂÁºÏ½ðÖÐþµÄÖÊÁ¿Îªm£¬ÔòÂÁµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª£¨a-m£©g£»ÉèþÓëËá·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÇâÆøµÄÖÊÁ¿Îªn£¬ÔòÂÁÓëËá·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÇâÆøµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª£¨c-n£©g£»È»ºó¸ù¾Ý»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÁгö±ÈÀýʽ£¬½â·½³Ì×éÇó½â¼´¿É£®
£¨2£©Ô×ӵĽṹʾÒâͼÖÐ×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊýÒÔ¼°ºËÄÚÖÊ×ÓÊýºÍºËÍâµç×ÓÊýµÄ¹Øϵ¾ö¶¨Á£×ÓµÄÐÔÖʺÍÖÖÀ࣮
£¨3£©¢ÙÒÑ֪þÂÁºÏ½ðΪa¿Ë£¬Ã¾ÂÁºÏ½ðȼÉÕºóÉú³ÉÑõ»¯Ã¾ÓëÑõ»¯ÂÁ£¬³Æ³ö·´Ó¦ºó¹ÌÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿Îªb¿Ë£¬ÎÒÃǾͿÉÒÔÉèþÂÁºÏ½ðÖÐþµÄÖÊÁ¿Îªx£¬ÔòÂÁµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª£¨a-x£©g£»ÉèÉú³É¹ÌÌåÖÐÑõ»¯Ã¾µÄÖÊÁ¿Îªy£¬ÔòÑõ»¯ÂÁµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª£¨b-y£©g£»È»ºó¸ù¾Ý»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÁгö±ÈÀýʽ£¬½â·½³Ì×éÇó½â¼´¿É£®
¢ÚÒÑ֪þÂÁºÏ½ðΪa¿Ë£¬Ã¾ÂÁºÏ½ðÓëËáºó»áÉú³ÉÇâÆø£¬³Æ³ö·´Ó¦ºóÉú³ÉÇâÆøµÄÖÊÁ¿Îªc¿Ë£¬ÎÒÃǾͿÉÒÔÉèþÂÁºÏ½ðÖÐþµÄÖÊÁ¿Îªm£¬ÔòÂÁµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª£¨a-m£©g£»ÉèþÓëËá·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÇâÆøµÄÖÊÁ¿Îªn£¬ÔòÂÁÓëËá·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÇâÆøµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª£¨c-n£©g£»È»ºó¸ù¾Ý»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÁгö±ÈÀýʽ£¬½â·½³Ì×éÇó½â¼´¿É£®
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©¢ÙI£®±´¿ÇìÑÉÕ³ÉÉúʯ»ÒµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ CaCO3
CaO+CO2¡ü£»
¢ó£®Mg£¨OH£©2³ÁµíÖмÓÈëÑÎËáÖкͷ´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ Mg£¨OH£©2+2HCl=MgCl2+2H2O£®
¢Ú·Ö½â·´Ó¦ÊÇÌصãÊÇÒ»ÖÖÎïÖʱä¶àÖÖÎïÖÊ£®ÆäÖÐìÑÉÕ±´¿Ç£¬¼ÓÈÈÁùË®ÂÈ»¯Ã¾£¬µç½âÎÞË®ÂÈ»¯Ã¾¶¼ÊǷֽⷴӦ£®
¢ÛÕô·¢²Ù×÷ÒªÓõÄÖ÷ÒªÒÇÆ÷ÓÐÕô·¢Ãó¡¢²£Á§°ô¡¢¾Æ¾«µÆ¡¢´øÌúȦµÄÌú¼Ų̈¡¢ÛáÛöǯµÈ£®
¢Ü½µµÍ³É±¾¡¢¼õÉÙÎÛȾµÄ´ëÊ©Òª´Ó²úÎïµÄ³ä·ÖÀûÓ㬽ÚÔ¼ÄÜÔ´·½Ã濼ÂÇ£®Èçµç½â²úÉúµÄÂÈÆøÓÃÓÚÉú²úHCl
£¨2£©¢Ù´Ó½á¹¹Ê¾ÒâͼÖп´³öºËÄÚÖÊ×ÓÊý±ÈºËÍâµç×ÓÊý¶à£¬¹ÊÁ£×Ó´øÕýµçºÉ£¬ÊÇÑôÀë×Ó£»¢ÚþÔ×ӵĽṹʾÒâͼÖУ¬×îÍâ²ãÓÐÁ½¸öµç×Ó£¬Ò×ʧȥ£¬¹Ê»¯Ñ§ÐÔÖÊ»îÆã®
£¨3£©¢Ù²â¶¨Ã¾ÂÁºÏ½ðÖÐþµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýÒª¸ù¾ÝþÂÁÓëÑõÆø·´Ó¦Éú³ÉµÄÑõ»¯ÎïÖÊÁ¿²»Í¬²â¶¨£¬ÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖвⶨ£¬ÒòΪþ»¹ÄÜÓ뵪Æø¡¢¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼µÈÆøÌå·´Ó¦£¬»áÓ°Ïì½á¹ûµÄ׼ȷÐÔ£®
¢ÚþÂÁºÏ½ðÓë×ãÁ¿µÄËá·´Ó¦¸ù¾ÝÉú³ÉµÄÇâÆøÖÊÁ¿²»Í¬²â¶¨À´²â¶¨Ã¾µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý£®
´ð°¸£º£¨1£©¢ÙCaCO3
CaO+CO2¡ü Mg£¨OH£©2+2HCl=MgCl2+2H2O
¢ÚI¡¢¢ô¡¢V
¢ÛÕô·¢Ãó ²£Á§ÕÁ
¢Üµç½â²úÉúµÄÂÈÆøÓÃÓÚÉú²úHCl £¨2£©¢ÙC ¢Ú»îÆÃ
£¨3£©¢ÙÍêÈ«·´Ó¦ºóÉú³ÉµÄ¹ÌÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿ ÓÐ
¢Ú³ä·Ö·´Ó¦ºóÉú³ÉµÄÇâÆøµÄÖÊÁ¿£¨Ìå»ý£©
| ||
¢ó£®Mg£¨OH£©2³ÁµíÖмÓÈëÑÎËáÖкͷ´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ Mg£¨OH£©2+2HCl=MgCl2+2H2O£®
¢Ú·Ö½â·´Ó¦ÊÇÌصãÊÇÒ»ÖÖÎïÖʱä¶àÖÖÎïÖÊ£®ÆäÖÐìÑÉÕ±´¿Ç£¬¼ÓÈÈÁùË®ÂÈ»¯Ã¾£¬µç½âÎÞË®ÂÈ»¯Ã¾¶¼ÊǷֽⷴӦ£®
¢ÛÕô·¢²Ù×÷ÒªÓõÄÖ÷ÒªÒÇÆ÷ÓÐÕô·¢Ãó¡¢²£Á§°ô¡¢¾Æ¾«µÆ¡¢´øÌúȦµÄÌú¼Ų̈¡¢ÛáÛöǯµÈ£®
¢Ü½µµÍ³É±¾¡¢¼õÉÙÎÛȾµÄ´ëÊ©Òª´Ó²úÎïµÄ³ä·ÖÀûÓ㬽ÚÔ¼ÄÜÔ´·½Ã濼ÂÇ£®Èçµç½â²úÉúµÄÂÈÆøÓÃÓÚÉú²úHCl
£¨2£©¢Ù´Ó½á¹¹Ê¾ÒâͼÖп´³öºËÄÚÖÊ×ÓÊý±ÈºËÍâµç×ÓÊý¶à£¬¹ÊÁ£×Ó´øÕýµçºÉ£¬ÊÇÑôÀë×Ó£»¢ÚþÔ×ӵĽṹʾÒâͼÖУ¬×îÍâ²ãÓÐÁ½¸öµç×Ó£¬Ò×ʧȥ£¬¹Ê»¯Ñ§ÐÔÖÊ»îÆã®
£¨3£©¢Ù²â¶¨Ã¾ÂÁºÏ½ðÖÐþµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýÒª¸ù¾ÝþÂÁÓëÑõÆø·´Ó¦Éú³ÉµÄÑõ»¯ÎïÖÊÁ¿²»Í¬²â¶¨£¬ÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖвⶨ£¬ÒòΪþ»¹ÄÜÓ뵪Æø¡¢¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼µÈÆøÌå·´Ó¦£¬»áÓ°Ïì½á¹ûµÄ׼ȷÐÔ£®
¢ÚþÂÁºÏ½ðÓë×ãÁ¿µÄËá·´Ó¦¸ù¾ÝÉú³ÉµÄÇâÆøÖÊÁ¿²»Í¬²â¶¨À´²â¶¨Ã¾µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý£®
´ð°¸£º£¨1£©¢ÙCaCO3
| ||
¢ÚI¡¢¢ô¡¢V
¢ÛÕô·¢Ãó ²£Á§ÕÁ
¢Üµç½â²úÉúµÄÂÈÆøÓÃÓÚÉú²úHCl £¨2£©¢ÙC ¢Ú»îÆÃ
£¨3£©¢ÙÍêÈ«·´Ó¦ºóÉú³ÉµÄ¹ÌÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿ ÓÐ
¢Ú³ä·Ö·´Ó¦ºóÉú³ÉµÄÇâÆøµÄÖÊÁ¿£¨Ìå»ý£©
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ìâ×ÛºÏÁËÎïÖʵÄÖƱ¸£¬»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽµÄÊéд£¬»ù±¾ÊµÑé²Ù×÷£¬Ô×ӽṹʾÒâͼ£¬»ìºÏÎïÖгɷֵIJⶨµÈ¶à¸ö¿¼µã£¬ÄѶȽϴó£®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿