ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
£¨2014½ì½ËÕÊ¡ÒËÐËÊеÚһѧÆÚÆÚÄ©ÊÔÌ⣩СÃ÷·¢ÏÖ¼ÒÖÐһö½äÖ¸ÉúÂúÁËÍÂÌ£¬ËûºÍͬѧÀûÓÃÕâö½äÖ¸Õ¹¿ªÁËÑо¿ÐÔѧϰ¡£
£Û²éÔÄ×ÊÁÏ£Ý
¢ÙÕæ½ðÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖв»»áÉúÐ⣬ÉúÂúÍÂ̵ġ°½ð½äÖ¸¡±²ÄÖÊΪÍпºÏ½ð£»
¢Úͳ¤ÆÚ¶ÖÃÔÚ³±ÊªµÄ¿ÕÆøÖÐÄÜÉú³ÉÍÂÌ£¬ÆäÖ÷Òª³É·ÖÊǼîʽ̼ËáÍ[Cu2(OH)2CO3]£¬¼îʽ̼ËáÍÊÜÈÈÒ×·Ö½âÉú³ÉCuO¡¢H2OºÍCO2¡£¾ÝÉÏÊö×ÊÁÏ¿ÉÍÆÖª£¬¼îʽ̼ËáÍÓÉ ÖÖÔªËØ×é³É¡£
£ÛʵÑé̽¾¿£Ý
½«¸ÃöÉúÂúÍÂ̵ĽäÖ¸¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿Ï¡ÑÎËáÖУ¬ÓÐÆøÅݲúÉú£¬ÈÜÒºÓÉÎÞÉ«Öð½¥±äΪÀ¶ÂÌÉ«¡£
£¨1£©Ð¡Ã÷ÈÏΪ£ºÆøÌåÖгýÁ˺¬ÓÐCO2Í⣬»¹¿ÉÄܺ¬ÓеÄÆøÌåÊÇ ¡£²úÉú¸ÃÆøÌåµÄ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪ ¡£
£¨2£©Ð¡»ªÈÏΪÀ¶ÂÌÉ«ÈÜÒºÖгýº¬ÓÐÂÈ»¯Ð¿Í⣬»¹Ó¦¸Ãº¬ÓÐ ¡¢ ¡£ËûÈ¡ÊÊÁ¿ÉÏÊöÀ¶ÂÌÉ«ÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈë¹âÁÁµÄÌúƬ£¬¹Û²ìµ½ÁËÏÖÏ󣺢٠£¬¢Ú £¬´Ó¶ø֤ʵÁË×Ô¼ºµÄ¹Ûµã¡£
£¨3£©Ð¡¾êÈ¡ÊÊÁ¿ÐÂÖƵÄFeCl2ÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈëпÁ££¬Ò»¶Îʱ¼äºó£¬ÈÜÒºÑÕÉ«±ädz¡£·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ ¡£½áºÏС»ªµÄʵÑé¿ÉÍÆÖª£ºÌú¡¢Ð¿¡¢ÍÈýÖÖ½ðÊôµÄ»î¶¯ÐÔÓÉÈõµ½Ç¿µÄ˳ÐòÊÇ ¡£
£¨4£©Ð¡Ã÷Ïë½øÒ»²½Ì½¾¿¡°½ð½äÖ¸¡±ÖÐÍÔªËصÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý£¬È¡Ò»Ã¶Í¬²ÄÖʵġ°½ð½äÖ¸¡±£¬³ÆµÃÖÊÁ¿Îª3.8g¡£ÔÚÀÏʦµÄÖ¸µ¼Ï£¬½«¡°½ð½äÖ¸¡±¾Å¨ÏõËáÑõ»¯¡¢¼î»¯µÈ²½Öè´¦Àíºó£¬×îÖյõ½´¿¾»µÄÑõ»¯Í£¬³ÆµÃÖÊÁ¿ÈÔȻΪ3.8g£¨ÊµÑé¹ý³ÌÖÐÍÔªËØËðʧºöÂÔ²»¼Æ£©¡£Ôò¡°½ð½äÖ¸¡±ÖÐÍÔªËصÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýÊǶàÉÙ£¿£¨Ð´³ö¼ÆËã¹ý³Ì£©
£Û²éÔÄ×ÊÁÏ£Ý
¢ÙÕæ½ðÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖв»»áÉúÐ⣬ÉúÂúÍÂ̵ġ°½ð½äÖ¸¡±²ÄÖÊΪÍпºÏ½ð£»
¢Úͳ¤ÆÚ¶ÖÃÔÚ³±ÊªµÄ¿ÕÆøÖÐÄÜÉú³ÉÍÂÌ£¬ÆäÖ÷Òª³É·ÖÊǼîʽ̼ËáÍ[Cu2(OH)2CO3]£¬¼îʽ̼ËáÍÊÜÈÈÒ×·Ö½âÉú³ÉCuO¡¢H2OºÍCO2¡£¾ÝÉÏÊö×ÊÁÏ¿ÉÍÆÖª£¬¼îʽ̼ËáÍÓÉ ÖÖÔªËØ×é³É¡£
£ÛʵÑé̽¾¿£Ý
½«¸ÃöÉúÂúÍÂ̵ĽäÖ¸¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿Ï¡ÑÎËáÖУ¬ÓÐÆøÅݲúÉú£¬ÈÜÒºÓÉÎÞÉ«Öð½¥±äΪÀ¶ÂÌÉ«¡£
£¨1£©Ð¡Ã÷ÈÏΪ£ºÆøÌåÖгýÁ˺¬ÓÐCO2Í⣬»¹¿ÉÄܺ¬ÓеÄÆøÌåÊÇ ¡£²úÉú¸ÃÆøÌåµÄ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪ ¡£
£¨2£©Ð¡»ªÈÏΪÀ¶ÂÌÉ«ÈÜÒºÖгýº¬ÓÐÂÈ»¯Ð¿Í⣬»¹Ó¦¸Ãº¬ÓÐ ¡¢ ¡£ËûÈ¡ÊÊÁ¿ÉÏÊöÀ¶ÂÌÉ«ÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈë¹âÁÁµÄÌúƬ£¬¹Û²ìµ½ÁËÏÖÏ󣺢٠£¬¢Ú £¬´Ó¶ø֤ʵÁË×Ô¼ºµÄ¹Ûµã¡£
£¨3£©Ð¡¾êÈ¡ÊÊÁ¿ÐÂÖƵÄFeCl2ÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈëпÁ££¬Ò»¶Îʱ¼äºó£¬ÈÜÒºÑÕÉ«±ädz¡£·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ ¡£½áºÏС»ªµÄʵÑé¿ÉÍÆÖª£ºÌú¡¢Ð¿¡¢ÍÈýÖÖ½ðÊôµÄ»î¶¯ÐÔÓÉÈõµ½Ç¿µÄ˳ÐòÊÇ ¡£
£¨4£©Ð¡Ã÷Ïë½øÒ»²½Ì½¾¿¡°½ð½äÖ¸¡±ÖÐÍÔªËصÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý£¬È¡Ò»Ã¶Í¬²ÄÖʵġ°½ð½äÖ¸¡±£¬³ÆµÃÖÊÁ¿Îª3.8g¡£ÔÚÀÏʦµÄÖ¸µ¼Ï£¬½«¡°½ð½äÖ¸¡±¾Å¨ÏõËáÑõ»¯¡¢¼î»¯µÈ²½Öè´¦Àíºó£¬×îÖյõ½´¿¾»µÄÑõ»¯Í£¬³ÆµÃÖÊÁ¿ÈÔȻΪ3.8g£¨ÊµÑé¹ý³ÌÖÐÍÔªËØËðʧºöÂÔ²»¼Æ£©¡£Ôò¡°½ð½äÖ¸¡±ÖÐÍÔªËصÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýÊǶàÉÙ£¿£¨Ð´³ö¼ÆËã¹ý³Ì£©
[–ËÔÄ×ÊÁÏ]¢Ú4 [ʵÑé̽¾¿](1)H2 Zn +2HCl =ZnCl2 +H2¡ü (2) CuCl2 HCl (´ð°¸¿É»¥»») ¢ÙÓÐÆøÅݲúÉú¢ÚÓкìÉ«ÎïÖÊÎö³ö£¨ÈÜÒºî†É«±ädz£©£¨´ð°¸¿É»¥»»£©
(3) Zn+FeCl2 ====ZnCl2+Fe Cu¡¢Fe¡¢Za (4) 80%
(3) Zn+FeCl2 ====ZnCl2+Fe Cu¡¢Fe¡¢Za (4) 80%
ÊÔÌâ·ÖÎö£º¼îʽ̼ËáÍÊÜÈÈÒ×·Ö½âÉú³ÉCuO¡¢H2OºÍCO2£¬ÒÀ¾ÝÖÊÁ¿Êغ㶨ÂÉ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦Ç°ºóÔªËصÄÖÖÀ಻±ä¿ÉÖª£¬¼îʽ̼ËáÍÓÉC¡¢H¡¢O¡¢CuËÄÖÖÔªËØ×é³É£¬
(1)ÓÉÓÚÉúÂúÍÂ̵ġ°½ð½äÖ¸¡±²ÄÖÊΪÍпºÏ½ð£¬Ð¿ÄÜÓëÑÎËá·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÇâÆø£ºZn +2HCl =ZnCl2 +H2¡ü£¬
¹Ê»¹¿ÉÄܺ¬ÓеÄÆøÌåÊÇÇâÆø£»
(2)ÈÜÒº±äΪÀ¶É«£¬ËµÃ÷ÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐÍÀë×Ó£¬¼´º¬ÓÐÂÈ»¯Í£»¼ÓÈëµÄÊǹýÁ¿Ï¡ÑÎËᣬÄÇô»¹º¬ÓÐÑÎËá; ÌúÄܺÍÂÈ»¯ÍÈÜÒº·¢ÉúÖû»·´Ó¦Éú³ÉͺÍÂÈ»¯ÑÇÌú£¬»¹ÄܺÍÑÎËá·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÇâÆø£¬¹ÊÏÖÏóΪÓкìÉ«ÎïÖÊÎö³ö¡¢ÓÐÆøÅݲúÉú£»
(3) FeCl2ÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëпÁ££¬ÓÉÓÚп±ÈÌúµÄ½ðÊôÐÔ¸üÇ¿£¬¹ÊÄÜ°ÑÌúÖû»³öÀ´£ºZn+FeCl2 ====ZnCl2+Fe £¬½áºÏÌúÄÜ°ÑÍÖû»¿ÉÖªËüÃǵĻÐÔ˳ÐòÊÇ£ºCu<Fe<Zn ,
(4)CuOÖÐCu% = 64/(64+16)¡Á100% =80%
3.8gCuO ÖÐ m(Cu) =3.8g¡Á 80%=3.04g
¾ÝCuÔªËØÊغãÖª£º3.8g ¡°½ð½äÖ¸¡±ÖÐm (Cu) ="3.04g" ¡°½ð½äÖ¸¡±ÖÐ Cu%=3.04g/3.8g¡Á100%=80%
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿