题目内容

【题目】阅读下列材料，回答问题。

大陆漂移学说提出后，由于它不能更好地解释漂移的机制问题，当时曾受到地球物理学家的反对。20世纪50年代中期至60年代，随着古地磁与地震学、宇航观测的发展，使一度沉寂的大陆漂移说获得了新生，并为板块构造学说的发展奠定了基础。根据板块构造学说，全球被划分为六大板块和一些小板块。板块在不断地运动着，发生张裂和碰撞。

（1）材料中的“大陆漂移说”的提出者是谁?他是哪国人?

（2）材料中的“六大板块”的名称分别是什么?

（3）下列地理事物由于板块张裂运动形成的是( )

A.红海

B.喜马拉雅山脉

D.科迪勒拉山系

C.阿尔卑斯山脉

【答案】（1）魏格纳 德国

（2）亚欧板块 太平洋板块 美洲板块 非洲板块 印度洋板块 南极洲板块

（3）A红海

【解析】

根据板块构造学说，全球共有六大板块，而且板块之间仍然处在运动中，地壳比较活跃的地带是位于板块与板块之间的交界处的地带，在板块内部与陆地内部地壳稳定。

（1）材料中的“大陆漂移”学说，是由德国科学家魏格纳提出的。

（2）地球的岩石圈是由六大板块组成，分别是亚欧板块、太平洋板块、美洲板块、非洲板块、印度洋板块、南极洲板块，其中太平洋板块几乎全部是海洋。

（3）板块之间处于不断地运动中，在板块之间的挤压处往往会形成高大山脉，而在板块的张裂处，会形成新的海洋或裂谷，红海是由于处于亚欧板块与非洲板块的张裂处形成的，海洋面积还在扩大，故选A。

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