阅读理解

　　On hearing the words“Just do it!”, you will know there is a Nike product nearby．If it's“Always Coca-Cola”, you can be sure someone wants to sell you a refreshing drink．

　　An advertising slogan(广告标语)is to a brand what eyes are to a person．The slogan helps people understand the brand better by telling them what it wants to sell to its customers．Good slogans leave a message inside people's minds．It's almost certain that every brand has a popular slogan．

　　Here are a few examples：

　　“Just do it!”－This slogan speaks out to teens．It tells them to do something, but only if they think it's worth it．And if so, why not do it wearing Nike?

　　“Always Coca-Cola．”－Coke's slogans change every few years, but this one has enjoyed a lasting popularity because it shows the brand's spirit．It seems to say“Coke is the only drink there is; there are no other forms of drinks．”

　　“Share moments, share life．”－This slogan from Kodak connects photos and beauty．It asks people to remember the happy moments in life by taking photos of them－using Kodak film of course!

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　　From the moment that an animal is born it has to make decisions．It has to decide which of the things around it are for eating, and which are to be avoided; when to attack and when to run away．The animal is, in fact, playing a very dangerous game with its environment, a game in which it must make decisions－ a matter of life or death．

　　Animals' ability to act reasonably is believed to come partly from what we may call“genetic(遗传性的)learning”, which is different from the individual(个体的)learning that an animal does in the course of its own lifetime．Genetic learning is learning by a species－animals of the same kind－as a whole and it is achieved by selection of those members of each generation that happen to act in the right way．However, the role of genetic learning depends upon how similar the future environment is to the past．The more important individual experience is likely to be, the less important is genetic learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game．Because most animals live in ever changing environments from one generation to the next, it is not surprising to find that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic learning．

　　In the great majority of animals, their particular ways of acting in a new environment are a compound(复合体)of individual experience added to the action patterns animals are born with．That is why animals can survive．

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　　“S.H.E．is going to sing at the CCTV annual Spring Festival Evening Party, is that true?”cried out Peng Weiye, a Senior 2 girl in Shanghai and die-hard(铁杆的)S.H.E．fan．

　　After checking it on the Internet, Peng quickly phoned friends to spread the news．For fans like her, S.H.E．'s performance is perhaps the only part of the old fashioned evening to get excited about．

　　The Taiwanese band is made up of Selina, Hebe and Ella．Their name comes from the first letter of each of the singers' English names．

　　Last week S.H.E．announced they will perform in Las Vegas, US, over Christmas and then in Guangzhou on January 15．

　　At their Shanghai show on October 30, hundreds of parents waited outside the Hongkou Stadium．Thousands of teenagers sang, cried and shouted as the band performed．

　　“I love their music, healthy image and everything related to them．Thank God that, although my parents don't understand why I love them so much, they still bought me a ticket for that show,”said Peng about the Shanghai performance．

　　It is not just on the mainland that the three girls have thrilled(make sb．excited)audiences．In the past year the band has passed through Taiwan, Hong Kong and even Singapore and Malaysia．

　　When the three high school girls entered a singing contest in Taiwan in 2000, none of them ever dreamed of being a superstar．“We had never met before, and we didn't talk at all at the beginning,”recalled Ella．

　　When asked about the secret of their success, she said,“Our average looks and not-so-expensive clothes keep us close to our fans．We are happy to be the girl next door, your singing sisters．”

　　“It's really a magical journey, from day- dreaming high school girls to singers performing on the same stage as our idols．Nothing but magical,”she said．

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　　Below are some classified ads from an English newspaper．

Classified ads

　　For direct classified service call 800－0557 10 A．M－4 P.M Monday－Friday

　　Come to our moving sale－Plants, pottery, books, clothes, etc．Sat, Dec．14^th－9 a.m.－5 p.m. 1612 Ferndale, Apt．1,800－4696．

　　USED FUR COATS and JACKET．Good condition．＄30－＄50．Call 800－0436 after 12 noon．

　　MOVING：Must sell．TV 21, ＄50；AM/FM radio A/C or battery, ＄15; cassette tape recorder, ＄10．Call Jon or Pat, 800－0739 after 5 p.m. or weekends．

　　SHEEPSKIN COAT：man's size 42, 1 year old．＄85．After 6 p.m., 800－5224．

　　FOUND：Cat, 6 months old, black and white markings．Found near Linden and South U．Steve, 800－4661

　　LOST：Gold wire rim glasses in brown cae．Campus area．Reward．Call Gregg 800－2896．

　　FOUND：set of keys on Tappan near Hill intersection．Identify key chain．Call 800－9662．

　　FOUND：Nov．8^th－A black and white puppy in Packard-Jewett area．800－5770

　　OVERSEAS JOBS－Australia, Europe, S．American, Africa．Students all professions and occupations, ＄700 to ＄3000 monthly．Expenses paid, overtime．Sightseeing．Free Information at STUDENT'UNION．

　　THE INTERNATIONAL CENTER plans to publish a booklet of student travel adventures, if you'd like to write about your foreign experiences, unusual or just plain interesting, call 800－9310 and ask for Mike or Janet．

　　UNSURE WHAT TO DO?

　　Life–Planning Workshop, Dec, 13^th－15^th．Bob and Margatet Atwood, 800－0046

　　FEMALE ROOMMATE

　　WANTED：Own room near campus．Available December 1^st．Rent ＄300 per month until March 1^st．＄450 thereafter．Call Jill for details, 800－7839．

　　NEED PERSON to assume lease for own bedroom in PT．Near campus, ＄380/mo．Starting Jan．1^st．call 800－6157 after 5 p.m．

　　EARLY HOUR WAKE-UP

　　SERVICE：For prompt, courteous wake-up service, call 800－0760

　　BABYSITTER－MY HOME

　　If you are available a few hours during the day, and some evenings to care for 2 school age children, please call Gayle Morre, days 800－1111, evenings and weekends 800－4964

　　PERSONS WANTED for deliver work．Own transportation．Good pay．Apply 2311 E．Stadium．Office 101, after 9, a.m．

　　TELEPHONE RECEPTIONIST WANTED．

　　No experience necessary．Good pay．Apply 2311 E．Stadium．Office 101, after 9 a.m．

　　WAITRESS WANTED

　　10a.m.－2p.m. or 10∶30a.m.－5p.m. Apply in person, 207 S．Main．Curtis Restaurant．

　　HELP WANTED for house cleaning 1/2 day on weekend．When–to be discussed for mutual convenience．Good wages．Sylvan Street, call 800－2817．

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　　Everyone needs friends．We all like to feel close to someone．It is nice to have a friend to talk, laugh and do things with．Surely, there are times when we need to be alone．We don't always want people around．But we would feel lonely if we never had a friend．

　　No two people are the same．Sometimes friends don't get along well, which doesn't mean that they no longer like each other．Most of the time they will go on being friends．Sometimes friends move away, and then we feel very sad．We miss them much, but we can call them and write to them．Maybe we would never see them again, and we can make new friends．It is surprising to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them．Families sometimes name their children after a close friend．Many places are named after men and women, if they are friendly to people in a town．Some libraries are named this way．So are some schools．We think of these people when we go to these places．

　　There's more good news for people, if they have friends．These people live longer than those people if those don't have friends．Why? It could be that they are happier．Being happy helps you stay well．Or it could be just knowing that someone cares, if someone cares about you, you take better care of yourself．

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　　Rome had the Forum(论坛)．London has Speaker's Corner．Now always-on-the-go New Yorkers have Liz and Bill．

　　Liz and Bill, two college graduates in their early 20s, have spent a whole year trying to have thousands of people talk to them in subway stations and on busy street comers．And just talk．

　　Using a 2-foot-tall sign that says, “Talk to Me,” they attract conversationalists, who one evening included a mental patient, and men in business suits．

　　They don't collect money．They don't push religion(宗教)．So what's the point?

　　“To see what happens,” said Liz．“We simply enjoy life with open talk．”

　　Shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks, they decided to walk from New York City to Washington, a 270-mile trip．They found they loved talking to people along the way and wanted to continue talking with strangers after their return．

　　“It started as a crazy idea．”Liz said．“We were so curious about all the strangers walking by with their life stories．People will talk to us about anything：their job, their clothes, their childhood experiences, anything．”

　　Denise wanted to talk about an exam she was about to take．She had stopped by for the second time in two days, to let the two listeners know how it went．

　　Marcia had led her husband to a serious disease．“That was very heavy on my mind．”Marcia said．“To be able to talk about it to total strangers was very good,”she explained．

　　To celebrate a year of talking, the two held a get-together in a city park for all the people they had met over the past year．A few hundred people appeared, as well as some television cameramen and reporters．

　　They may plan more parties or try to attract more people to join their informal talks．Some publishers have expressed interest in a book, something the two say they'll consider before making a decision．

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　　I come from a close, loving family．I have three elder brothers．

　　My parents owned a wood supply business．But they were active volunteers in our community．When I was a kid, people used to laugh at my dad and say his volunteer work was his business and his business was his hobby．That rubbed off on me．For example, I was a Big Brother in high school, and I continued doing volunteer work in college．

　　In 1979, just before graduation, my brother Mark asked if I'd like to help him start a software company．So I joined his company and I was happy that later it became very unusual in the software industry．Once I started working．I continued to volunteer．

　　I'm a big believer that you learn from those around you by volunteering．So I volunteer to company the elderly persons who live alone．I met Malcolm, who's physically healthy．We talk about what friends talk about．He is also interested in my work．He often says“You can get caught up being the CEO of a half-billion-dollar software company very quickly．”

　　I learn kindness, humility(谦恭), a positive outlook on life from Malcolm．Most people volunteer for a year．But we have been together for five years and there is no end in sight．

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　　In the US and Britain, the slogan around colleges was “Save water．Shower with a friend．”Now, Wuhan University has come up with another system for the campus bathhouse．It charges students for the amount of time in a shower．Before entering the bathhouse, students pay for the amount of time they want in the shower with cash or their student ID card．The clock starts ticking the minute the tape is turned on．It pauses when a button is pressed for soap．An integrated circuit(IC)card reader at each tap shows the time．No money, no water．The benefits of the new system can be seen with the old system, which charged 1 yuan for each person regardless of time in the shower．The university used about 320 tones of water daily under the old system, but only 160 tons now．

　　Many students use the new system but opinions on it are divided．Some students say it is bad because bathing had become a sort of race．Many people using it for the first time are not sure how long they need to shower．Some might be embarrassed if their time is up and they're still covered in soap．They have to ask the bathhouse worker to help them buy extra time．

　　“It's a flaw in the system that you can not buy extra time on the ID card,” said Ren, a freshman in Wuhan University．The university is also considering some students' suggestions that they be allowed to pay after they've finished the shower．Not surprisingly, some are complaining about losing the hour shower．But many students say the move helps them develop a water-saving sense．

　　Without the time limits, most students tended to shower for 30 to an hour in the bathhouse．

　　Some even used the hot water to wash their clothes．“In my experience, 10－20 minutes is enough,” said Dai Zhihua, a third-year student who usually takes 8 minutes．

　　A similar system has been installed in other universities．Shanghai Normal University introduced it at its Fengxiang Campus in September．The bathing fee there is 0.2 yuan per minute．One male student responded by setting a record with a two-minute shower．

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　　It was a winter morning, just a couple of weeks before Christmas 2005．While most people were warming up their cars, Trevor, my husband, had to get up early to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to work．On arrival, he parked his bike outside the back door as he usually does．After putting in 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike gone．

　　The bike, a black Kona 18 speed, was our only transport．Trevor used it to get to work, putting in 60-hour weeks to support his young family．And the bike was also used to get groceries(食品杂货)，saving us from having to walk long distances from where we live．

　　I was so sad that someone would steal our bike that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story．Shortly after that, several people in our area offered to help．One wonderful stranger even bought a bike, then called my husband to pick it up．Once again my husband had a way to get to and from his job．It really is an honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before．

　　People say that a smile can be passed from one person to another, but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so．This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it strengthened our faith in humanity(人性)as a whole．And it has influenced us to be more mindful of ways we, too, can share with others．No matter how big or how small, an act of kindness shows that someone cares．And the results can be everlasting．

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　　One dark and stormy night, an elderly man and his wife entered the hall of a small hotel in Philadelphia, hoping to get shelter for the night．

　　The clerk, a friendly man with a beautiful smile, explained that there were three conferences in town．“All of our rooms are taken,”the clerk said,“but I can't send a nice couple like you into the rain at one o'clock in the morning．Would you perhaps be willing to sleep in my room? It's not a suite, but it will be good enough to make you comfortable for the night．”The couple agreed．

　　As the elderly man paid the bill the next morning, he told the clerk,“You are the kind of person who should be the boss of the best hotel in the United States．Maybe someday I'll build one for you．”The clerk looked at them and smiled．The three of them had a good laugh．

　　Two years passed．The clerk had almost forgotten the incident when he received a letter from the elderly man; asking the clerk to pay him a visit．The elderly man met him in New York, and led him to the corner of．1he Fifth Avenue and 34^th Street．He then pointed to a great new building there, a reddish stone one with watchtowers thrusting up to the sky, and told the clerk that it was the hotel he had just built for him to manage．

　　That wonderful building was the original Waldorf-Astoria Hotel．And this young clerk whose names was George C．Boldt never foresaw the return of events that would lead him into the manager of one of the world's most attractive hotels．

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