A new study suggests that very young children who watch a lot of television may have attention problems later in school．

　　Children with attention problems cannot sit still or control their actions．They talk too much, lose things, forget easily and are not able to finish tasks．

　　People with attention problems may suffer a condition known as Attention Deficit Disorder (A．D．D．)．Experts say the cause of A．D．D．involves chemicals in the brain．Teachers say many children in the United States are showing signs of disorder．Some education researchers have been saying for years that watching television at a very young age could change the normal development of the brain．For example, they say that children who watch a lot of television are not able to sit and read for an extended period of time．

　　The new study tested the idea that television watching by very young children is linked to attention problems by the age of seven．It involved more than 1300 children．There were two groups of children, ages one and three．Researchers at Children's Hospital in Seattle, Washington reported the results in the publication Pediatrics (儿科学)．They asked the parents how often the children watched television．The parents also described their children's actions at the age of seven using a method that can tell if someone suffers attention deficit disorders．

　　The children who watched a lot of television at an early age were most likely to have attention problems．Every hour of watching television increased the chances of having attention problems by about ten percent．

　　The researchers say that all the children with attention problems might not have A．D．D．．But they still could face major learning problems in school．The findings support advice by a group of doctors that children under the age of two should not watch television．

　　One of the researchers said there are other reasons why children should not watch television．Earlier studies have linked it with children becoming too fat and too aggressive (好斗的)．Other experts say the new study is important, but more work needs to be done to confirm the findings and better explain the cause and effect．

1．Children with attention problems may ________．

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2．Watching TV at an early age may cause all of the following problems EXCEPT________．

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3．What can be inferred from the passage?

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A．Experts should have further studies on the subject．

B．Watching TV has no effect on children's character．

C．Learning problems are caused by watching too much TV．

D．Attention problems are caused only by watching TV．

　　From email to on-line shopping, you may think you've heard everything there to know about the electronic frontier．But with hundreds of thousands of Web pages being added weekly, there are plenty of surprises out there．Here are some of the most intriguing (有迷惑力的)．

　　Put your kid on a greeting card．Here is how: simply take some pictures with a regular camera, and then ask the photo service to develop them digitally．For a small fee, you'll receive your photos on a disk．Put that into your computer and, with a few clicks of the mouse, you can view your photos on the screen．With a few more keystrokes, you can attach (使……附在) the photos to email and send them to friends and relatives worldwide．

　　Sign on to one or several greeting card's Web sites (www．cardcentral．net) is an index of more than 1,200 electronic card sites) and create an electronic birthday or holiday card．Using your digital photos, you can paste your grandchildren onto the cover．

　　If you don't want to use your own photos, go to cards, amzon．com to browse (浏览) hundreds of images in over 30 categories ?all of which you can attach to an electronic greeting card for free．For a nominal fee you can choose from a library of 75,000 images as www．photodisc．com．

　　Call Australia for free．To have a telephone conversation over the Internet, the person you want to talk to no longer needs a computer．Now all you need to talk to someone in Sydney is one computer with speakers, a microphone, a sound card and some software (available at www．yocaltec．com or Microsoft．com)．Typically, you'll pay a monthly fee (usually under $ 20) to a service provider, but after that, the calls themselves are local．Sound quality is the same as that of a cell phone．

　　Even if you don't have a computer, you can still use the Web to reduce your long distance phone costs．Some companies offer a service that lets you use an ordinary phone to call another ordinary phone, but charge only a few cents per minute for U．S．calls, because they send them through the Internet．

　　Today 48 percent of American homes have computers ?a figure that is expected to climb to 60 percent by 2003．And by the end of the next decade, Americans will likely be spending more time shopping, banking, investing and learning on the Internet than in the real world．If you can't do or find something on the Net today, you probably can tomorrow．

1．Over the Internet, you________．

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A．can hear everything there

B．will meet with plenty of surprises which come out every week

C．will hear the things about the electronic frontier

D．can find something very interesting

2．From the passage we can infer that ________．

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A．fewer people will use the Internet in the following ten years

B．more people will study in the regular school by the end of the next decade

C．fewer people will go to the regular school in the following ten years

D．more money will be needed for a long distance call by the end of the next decade

3．Which of the following is NOT true?

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A．A telephone conversation over the Internet can be carried out without computers．

B．Over the Internet, the receiver of the phone conversation doesn't need a computer．

C．The phone conversations over the Internet are much cheaper．

D．The long-distance calls are local themselves．

　　Maggie was very glad that James was not a frequent visitor to the house．So far as the children were concerned, they had a mystery about him that stirred their imagination．He stirred Maggie's anger, however, so that she often said to her husband, “It's mercy that brother of yours doesn't come oftener．”

　　In fact James came once a year, unexpectedly, around eight o'clock in the evening, and he stayed for six hours of close discussion with his brother．His arrival was a signal to the children that their bedtime would be delayed．Not that he ever spoke to them or played with them．He took no notice of them, as if he was unable to see children, at least until the time came for him to go．Instead, after his first greeting and a careless kiss, James took no notice of Maggie either, except to add, You'll be getting on with the supper, Maggie．Such was his regard for her．

　　Maggie paid him back in her own way．She kept the children up, the four of them, to keep her company, she said, but of course they sang and made a noise and broke the endless sound of James's voice．Very late, they dropped off to sleep in their chairs．Then, when James was about to go, Maggie woke them up and so more or less forced him to part with four shillings before he left．That gave her some satisfaction, for James, though rich, was mean．He always went home by the last train, just after two o'clock．

　　Maggie's children secretly stared at their uncle．They could not forget that he had, in their mother's words, lost two wives and taken a third, They wondered about those two unfortunate lost ladies．They asked each other what their fate had been, and if neither could ever be found again．James never brought his third wife with him nor ever mentioned her．The children decided that he must be so frightened of losing her that he never allowed her outside the door．

1．The underlined word mercy in the text most probably Means ________．

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2．Maggie never prepared anything special for James because ________．

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A．he was a man difficult to please

B．she never knew when he was coming

C．she was too busy looking after her children

D．he never stayed long enough for a meal

3．What do we know about James' behaviour?

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A．He was a kind man, with love for the family．

B．He was generous, especially towards his brother．

C．He was anxious to please the family, especially the kids．

D．He was rude to his sister-in-law．

4．Maggie felt pleased when ________．

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A．she paid James the money that she owed him

B．James gave some money to the children

C．she had to wake James up to catch his train

D．James thanked her for the nice supper

5．The children did not realize that two of James' wives ________．

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A．had been dead

B．suffered from loss of memory

C．had run away from him

D．might appear again one day

　　By far the most common snake in Britain is the adder (蝰蛇)．In Scotland, in fact, there are no other kinds of poisonous snake．It can be found almost anywhere, but it prefers sunny hillsides and rough open country, including high ground．In Ireland there are no snakes at all．

　　Most people regard snake bites as deadly, but not all bites are serious, and very few are deadly．Sometimes attempts at emergency treatment turn out to be more dangerous than the bite itself, with someone heroically, but mistakenly, trying do-it-yourself surgery (外科手术) and other unnecessary measures．

　　All snakes have small teeth, so it follows that all snakes can bite, only the bite of the adder presents any danger．British snakes are shy animals and are far more frightened of you than you could possibly be of them．The adder will attack only if it feels threatened, as can happen if you take it by surprise and step on it accidentally, or if you try to catch it or pick it up, which it dislikes strongly．If it hears you coming, it will normally get out of the way as quickly as it can, but adders cannot move very rapidly and may attack before moving if you are very close．

　　The effect of a bite changes considerably．It depends upon several things, one of which is the body-weight of the person bitten．The bigger the person, the less harmful the bite is likely to be, which is why children suffer far more seriously from snake bites than adults．A healthy person will also have better resistance against the poison．

　　Very few people actually die from snake bites in Britain, and though these bites can make some people very ill, there are probably just as many cases of bites having little or no effect, as there are of serious illness．

1．Where do you know adders are to be found?

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A．In many parts of Britain and Ireland．

B．Everywhere in Britain except in Scotland．

C．On wild land throughout Britain．

D．In shady fields in Scotland．

2．If you are with someone who is bitten by an adder, you should________．

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A．try to catch the adder

B．make no attempt to treat the bite by yourself

C．not worry about the victim (受害者)

D．operate on him as soon as possible

3．We are told that adders are________．

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A．normally friendly towards people

B．unlikely to bite except in self-defence

C．fond of attacking anyone in their territory

D．not afraid of human beings

4．If an adder hears you coming, it will usually________．

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A．take no notice of you at all

B．attack you before moving away

C．wait until you are close and then attack

D．move out of your path

　　We are not about to enter the Information Age, but instead are rather well into it．Present predictions are that by 1990, about thirty million jobs in the United States, or about thirty percent of the job market, will be computer-related．In 1980, only twenty-one percent of all American high schools owned one or two computers for student use．In the fall of 1985, a new study showed that half of United States secondary schools have fifteen or more computers for student use．And now educational experts, administrators, and even the general public are demanding that all students become computer literate．By the year 2000 knowledge of computers will be necessary in over eighty percent of all occupations．Soon those people not educated in computer use will be compared to those who are print illiterate today．

　　What is computer literacy? The term itself seems to imply some degree of knowing about computers, but knowing what? The present opinion seems to be that this should include a general knowledge of what computers are, plus a little of their history and something of how they operate．

　　Therefore, it is important that educators everywhere take a careful look not only at what is being done, but also at what should be done in the field of computer education．Today most adults are able to use a motor car without the slightest knowledge of how the internal combustion engine (内燃机) works．We effectively use all types of electrical equipment without being able to tell their histories or to explain how they work．

　　Business people for years have made good use of typewriters and adding machines, yet few have ever known how to repair them．Why, then, attempt to teach computers by teaching how or why they work?

　　Rather, we first must fix our mind on teaching the effective use of the computer as the tool is．

　　Knowing how to use a computer is what's going to be important．We don't talk about “automobile literacy”．We just get in our cars and drive them．

1．In 1990, the number of jobs having nothing to do with computers in the United States will be reduced to________．

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2．The underlined part print illiterate in the text refers to ________．

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A．one who has never learnt printing

B．one who has never learnt to read

C．one who is not computer literate

D．one who is not able to use a typewriter

3．What is the first paragraph mainly about?

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A．Recent predictions of computer-related jobs．

B．The wide use of computers in schools．

C．The urgency of computers education．

D．Public interest in computers．

4．According to the author, the effective way to spread the use of computers is to teach ________．

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A．how to use computers

B．what computers use

C．where computers can be used

D．how computers work

5．From the text, we can infer that________．

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A．computers will be easier to operate

B．automobile will be more comfortable

C．illiteracy rate will be down

D．computers will be set in automobiles

　　Never give out identifying information such as Name．Home, Address, School Name, or Telephone Number in a public message such as at a chat room or on bulletin boards．Never send a person a picture of you without first checking with your parents．Never reply to message or bulletin board items that are: Suggestive/Bob scene (下流的)/Ready to fight/Express intention to hurt/Make you feel uncomfortable．

　　Be careful when someone offers something for nothing, such as gifts and money．Be very careful about any offers that get you to meet or have someone visit your house．

　　Tell your parents right away if you come across any information that makes you feel uncomfortable．

　　Never arrange a face-to-face meeting without telling your parents．If your parents agree to the meeting, make sure that you meet in a public place and have a parent with you．

　　Remember that people on-line may not be who they seem．Because you can't see or even hear the person, it would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself．Thus someone who says that “she is a 12-year-old girl” could really be an old man．

　　Be sure that you are dealing with someone that you and your parents know and trust before giving out any personal information about yourself through Email．

　　Get to know your “on-line friends” just as you get to know all of your friends．

1．The best title for the passage is ________．

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A．Warnings Against Making Online Friends

B．Messages One Can Get on the Internet

C．How to Make Friends on the Internet

D．Safety Tips for Kids on the Internet

2．The underlined word misrepresent in the passage means ________．

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A．making a wrong judgment about

B．understanding somebody wrongly

C．giving a wrong description of

D．forming a wrong opinion about

3．In the last four paragraphs, the writer suggests that one should________．

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A．believe nobody on the net

B．be careful about the on-line friends

C．not be honest on the net

D．make friends with those you believe in

　　Can you remember the first time you learned to ride a bike or drive a car? Learning these skills changed your life forever and opened up new horizons．Learning about computers can be like learning how to ride a bike or drive a car．Once you have invested the time to master the skills, you will never go back to the old days．The new technology is simply too convenient and too powerful．

　　Technological developments through the years have enabled us to do more with less effort．We have continuously looked for better ways of doing things．Each invention and new development has allowed us to extend our capabilities．Today we see one of the most dramatic technologies ever developed the computer．It extends the capabilities of our minds．

　　Computers have saved organizations millions of dollars．Furthermore, these same computer systems have opened up new opportunities that would have gone undiscovered or neglected．The computer may multiply what we can do, and the return on investment is high．The growth of computer usage is surprising．On the other hand, the computer can do serious damage．Invasion of privacy (侵犯隐私), fraud (欺诈), and computer-related mistakes are just a few shocking examples．

　　The computer is like a double-edged sword．It has the ability to cut us free from some activities, but it can also cut deep into profits, personal privacy, and our society in general．How it is used is not a function of technology．It is strictly a function of how people decide to use or misuse this new technology．The choice is yours, and only through a knowledge of computer systems will you be able to avoid the dangers while enjoying the many, many benefits of the computer age．

1．The writer thinks learning about computers is like learning how to ride a bike or drive a car because________．

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A．it is simple and practical

B．it needs a lot of practice

C．it leads people to new life experiences

D．it takes much time to master the skills

2．According to the passage, computers bring people the following benefits EXCEPT________．

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3．According to the writer, dangers can be avoided if we ________．

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A．have sound knowledge of computer systems

B．tell people not to misuse computers

C．have strict rules over the use of computers

D．make more investments in the technology

4．This passage is probably written for________．

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　　Digital television broadcasting, the “TV of the 21st Century”, was launched in Japan on Dec．1, 1999．

　　At first, the service is limited only in three of Japan's largest cities Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya, but the Japanese government is aimed to make it available in all major Japanese cities by the end of 2006．The government says that by July 24, 2011, analog (模拟) television broadcasting in Japan will officially be a thing of the past．

“As we mark 50 years since the start of analog television broadcasting in 1953, I believe we are at a historic moment as television evolves one step further,” said Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi．

　　For now, it's estimated that about 12 million families around the area of the three above-mentioned cities can enjoy the service of digital television broadcasting．But because of Japan's mountainous terrain (地形), actual viewers may be as low as 300,000, according to scientists．

　　To watch digital television broadcasting, viewers need to get a digital TV set or attach a tuner (调谐器) to an ordinary one．

　　Scientists say the service of digital television broadcasting may not become popular in Japan for a while because most Japanese are not familiar with it now．A recent survey found 40 percent of Japanese TV viewers know nothing about the digital broadcasting technology．

1．What may limit the number of the viewers of digital television broadcasting?

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A．The TV viewers lack the digital television broadcasting technology．

B．Most Japanese are living in mountains．

C．The majority of Japanese are unwilling to fit a tuner to an ordinary TV set．

D．Many people can't afford to buy digital TV sets．

2．The proper meaning of the underlined word evolves in the third paragraph is ________．

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3．After reading the text we know that________．

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A．it's possible for Japanese to enjoy the service of digital television broadcasting in about seven years

B．the Japanese government will make it available for all the Japanese to enjoy the service of digital television broadcasting in 2006

C．digital television broadcasting can't allow larger amounts of information to be passed

D．it's difficult for the viewers to get familiar with digital television broadcasting

4．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

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A．TV of the 21st Century Digital Television Broadcasting

B．Digital Television Broadcasting Launched in Japan

C．Advantages of Digital Television Broadcasting

D．Digital Broadcasting Technology

　　Over the past 10 years, technologies that have combined computers with telephone have developed．Technologies such as PC fax programs and LAN fax servers (局域网传真服务器) have been used to improve fax communications．The latest computer-based technologies are new mechanisms (机制) which use IP (Internet Protocol 因特网协议) to send faxes, that is, IP fax．

　　Traditional fax has a fairly simple usage model, first, the user inserts a document into the fax machine, enters the destination fax number and presses the start button on the machine．The sending machine dials the receiving fax machine．If it connects, the sending machine scans the documents and sends it over the public switched telephone network (PSTN公共电话交换网) to the receiving machine．At the same time the receiving machine receives the document and then prints it．

　　In IP fax system there are two basic transmission modes: store-and-forward mode and real-time mode．Store-and-for-ward mode has been widely used．In this mode, the entire document is sent to a network-based server that stores it and then sends it to the destination．Real-time IP faxing is similar to traditional fax．Real time mode allows two fax machines to directly communicate through some standard．

　　IP fax enables a fax document to be sent from one person to another．A fax machine or a computer can be used to send or receive the fax．IP fax also allows email to be used to receive faxes．This would enable users to receive faxes anywhere, anytime with an internet fax address．

1．The passage deals mainly with________．

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2．In traditional fax, ________can be used．

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3．IP fax can use all of the following to send and receive a fax EXCEPT________．

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4．In real-time IP fax mode________．

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A．two fax machines communicate directly

B．a network-based server is used

C．users can receive faxes anywhere

D．the PSTN has to be used

5．In Paragraph 2, the word “inserts” can be replaced by ________．

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　　Paris is the capital of the European nation of France．It is also one of the most beautiful and most famous cities in the world．

　　Paris is called the City of Light．It is also an international fashion (时装) centre．What modern women are wearing in Paris will soon be worn by many women in other parts of the world．Paris is also a famous world centre of education．For instance, the headquarters of UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, is in Paris．

　　The Seine River divides the city into two parts．Thirty-two bridges cross this scenic river．The oldest and perhaps most well-known is the Pont Neuf, which was built in the sixteenth century．The Sorbonne, a famous university, is located on the Left Bank (south side) of the river．The beautiful white church Sacre Coeur lies on top of the hill called Montmartre on the Right Bank (north bank) of the Seine．

　　There are many other famous places in Paris, such as the famous museum the Louvre as well as the cathedral of Notre Dame．However, the most famous land-mark in this city must be the Eiffel Tower．

　　Paris is named after a group of people called the Parisii．They built a small village on an island in the middle of the Seine River about two thousand years ago．This island, called the He de la Cite, is where Notre Dame is located．Today around eight million people live in the Paris area．

1．Which of the following statements is NOT true________．

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A．Paris is named after a group of people called the Parisii

B．Paris is the capital of the European nations

C．The Sorbonne is a French university．

D．There are 32 bridges over the Seine River．

2．The underlined word headquarters means ________．

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3．According to the passage we can infer that Notre Dame is located________．

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A．on the Left Bank of the Seine

B．on neither bank of the Seine

C．on the Right Bank of the Seine

D．on both banks of the Seine

4．The Pont Neuf was built ________．

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