我发现要在一小时内写一遍八百字的文章是很困难的。（it）

81. _________

The Italians have an old saying “y dolce far niente”. The words mean it is sweet or enjoyable to do nothing. On weekends and during holidays, many of us enjoy doing nothing. But most of the time, we have to work and to keep our jobs and we must work hard. Our employer will not like it if we do nothing.

82. _________

American workers often call their employers “bosses”. The word “boss” comes from the Dutch word “baas” meaning master. Sometimes company bosses are called the brass. They are also sometimes called “ top brass” or “brass hats”. Experts disagree about how the strange expression started, but they may have come from Britain. Leaders of the 19^th century British army wore pieces of metal called oak leaves on their hats. The metal brass has a color similar to that of gold. So a leader or a commander came to be called a member of the brass or he might have been called a brass hat or even the top brass.

83. _________

By the 1940’s, the expression had spread beyond military leaders. It also included civilian officials. A newspaper in the American city of Philadelphia used the term in 1949. It called the most important police officials top brass. Other expressions that mean boss or employer have nothing to do with brass or hats. One of these is “ big cheese”. A cheese is a solid food made form milk. The expression probably started in America in the late 19^th century. Some experts believe it comes from a word in the Persian or Urdu languages. Cheese, the meaning is a thing. So the meaning of “big cheese” may be a big thing.

84. ________

Other experts say the word cheese and its expression was really in incorrect way of saying chief. The word chief means leader. So the expression may mean big leader. An employer usually does not object to being called boss. But most workers would not call their employers big cheese, top brass or brass hats to their faces. These words are not really insulting（侮辱）but neither do they show great respect.

85. _________

Employers also have expressions to describe their workers. One of them that describe a good worker is that he or she works like a Trojan. This expression probably comes from the ancient writings of the great poet Homer. He wrote about the Trojans who lived in the city of Troy. He said Trojans worked very hard to protect their city. Now the expression is often used to describe an employee who work hard for a company. A loyal, hardworking employee is said to work like a Trojan. So be happy if your company’s brass hats say you work like a Trojan. They may consider you valuable enough to increase your pay.

It was a dark November day in 1895. In a laboratory at the royal University of Wurzburg, in western Germany, a 50-year-old physics professor, Wilhelm Roentgen, performed what looked like a type of magic. He placed a glass vacuum（真空）tube inside a black cardboard box and applied a high-voltage current（高压电流）. He suddenly noticed that, on a bench nearby, a piece of paper coated with a chemical substance began giving off an strange light. Over the following two weeks, Roentgen performed a series of experiments that proved the existence of a form of electro-magnetic（电磁的）radiation he called X-rays.

His astonishing discovery has led to a deeper understanding of the physical world----in particular, to the field of medical diagnosis（诊断）.

X-rays are widely used in medicine to make radiographs or X-rays pictures of the bones and internal organs of the body to see whether diseases exist, such as broken bones or lung diseases.

A radiograph is made by passing an X-rays beam through a patient’s body onto a piece of photographic film. The bones takes in more of the rays than do muscles or other organs, so the bones throw the sharpest shadows on the film.

Improvements over the past century----from fluoroscopy（荧光透视法）to CT scans---- have made X-rays technology an invaluable tool of medicine.

78. At the beginning of the passage, Prof. Wilhelm Roentgen was _______.

A. performing an entertaining program                            B. playing magic

C. doing some experiments                                            D. None of above

79. When Prof. Roentgen placed a glass vacuum tube in a black box and applied a high-voltage current, he _______.

A. saw a bench nearby

B. noticed a piece of paper on a nearby bench begin to burn slowly

C. noticed a piece of paper on a nearby bench begin to give out strange light

D. noticed a piece of paper was coated with a chemical substance

80. The bones have clearer shadow on the photographic film than do muscles or other organs, because ______.

A. the bones are harder than them

B. the bones can help absorb more rays than them

C. the bones can block more rays than them

D. X-rays cannot pass through the bones

The people who lived in Italy and northern Europe during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries were the first people to think of themselves as belonging to an era（时代）. It was the Renaissance（文艺复兴）, a period of renewed interest in learning after the Middle Ages.

The motto（座右铭）of the Renaissance was “A man can do all things if he wills,” and the man who fulfilled that motto more than any other was Leonardo da Vinci. Da Vinci was good at portraiture, a new art form that described people as individuals. His painting of the “Mona Lisa” remains the most famous portrait ever done.

But Leonardo was also a skilled architect and engineer, who designed a submarine, helicopter and airplane, long before those inventions were ever built. Hundreds of drawings and thousands of pages in his notebooks proved his interest in astronomy, anatomy，botany, geology, and above all mathematics. He was interested in city planning and sanitation and was reportedly a gifted musician.

Since the Renaissance, the term “Renaissance man” has been applied to（适用到）others, who, like Leonardo da Vinci, excelled in many various fields. Thomas Jefferson is perhaps the best example. He, too, was a born musician and architect as well as botanist, philosopher, writer and third President of the United States.

75. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A. The motto of the Renaissance was “A man can do all things.”

B. Leonardo da Vinci made the most achievements among people during the Renaissance.

C. Portraiture was a new art form of painting pictures.

D. “ Mona Lisa” is among the most famous portraits in history.

76. “Renaissance man” means _______.

A. any person during the period of Renaissance

B. any person who makes great achievements in some certain field.

C. any person who experts at many different fields during the Renaissance

D. any person who experts at many different fields ever since the Renaissance

77. Which of the following is NOT the common interest to Leonardo da Vinci and Thomas Jefferson?

Aaron Carter isn’t like other 12-year-olds. He doesn’t go to school, and he’s already got a job. He is a big pop star. A few years ago he started his singing with Crazy Little Party Girl, which became a hit at once. Now he goes around the world and his songs are in the tops.

Because he’s traveling around all the time Aaron doesn’t have to go to school, but don’t envy him too much---- he still has to do lessons and homework. And he is good at learning.

“I have to fit my schoolwork around my singing,” he explains. “But I’m lucky because I have a private tutor who travels with me. I sometimes have to have lessons on a plane. That’s really interesting!”

Aaron’s favorite subject is math but he hates history. He knows clearly that having a good singing career doesn’t mean he can go without schoolwork.

“It would be easy to think that I don’t need to do well in exams, but that would be crazy,” he says. “It’s important to get my qualifications（资格）so that I have something to fall back on. Besides, it’s interesting to learn about other people and cultures.”

Aaron’s favorite type of music is rock’n’roll. “The best thing about being a singer” he says, “is that you get to travel all around the world. But the worst thing is that you’re away from home so much that you don’t get to see your friends or family.”

72. According to the passage, we learn that Aaron Carter is__________.

A. a composer              B. a successful singer     C. a history lover        D. a young businessman

73. Which of the following statements is True?

A. Aaron Carter doesn’t go to school because he likes singing better.

B. Aaron Carter has his own teacher.

C. Aaron likes math as well as history.

D. Aaron Carter likes traveling all around the world and dislikes seeing friends and family.

74. The underlined phrase “fall back on” in the fifth paragraph has the similar meaning as________.

A. check in            B. return to                  C. depend on                D. decide on

There’re five people at our table, including myself. I’ve already learnt a great deal about them in the short time we’ve been at sea, although we rarely meet except at meal times.

First of all, there’s Dr Stone. He’s a man of about sixty five, with gray hair and a friendly face. He gave up his work a short while ago and is now traveling round the world before he retires to some quiet country village. As a young man, he served for many years as a doctor in the Army and visited many countries. He’s told us a lot about the city to which we are going.

Then there’s “Grandmother”. I call her that because her name escapes me. In spite of being a grandmother, she looks rather young, not more than fifty, she’s on her way to visit a daughter who went to Australia some years ago. Naturally she is very excited at the thought of seeing her again, and her three grandchildren, whom she has never seen.

Then there’s a man I don’t care for very much, an engineer by the name of Barlow. He has been on leave in England and is now returning to his work in Singapore.

The other person who sits at our table is Mrs. Hunt. I’ve found out hardly anything about her. She’s extremely quiet and rarely talks, except to consult（咨询）the doctor about children’s various illness. She’s on her way to join her husband in India.

69. What can we know about Mr. Stone?

A. He is a doctor in the Army now.

B. He is going to give up his work.

C. He knows a lot about the city the author is going to.

D. He has been retired for many years.

70. The writer calls the second person “Grandmother” because_______.

A. she looks old                                         B. She has three daughters

C. he respects her                                      D. he can’t think of her name

71. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Dr Stone lives in a quiet village now.             B. “Grandmother” is an Australian.

Chinese students are generally fond of studying very, very hard for long hours. This is an excellent ____54___ , but it is often an inefficient（效率低的）way of study. An efficient student must have ___55____ sleep, food, rest and relaxation. Every day you need take a walk or play basketball or do something you find ___56____. And it is necessary for you to see a film or visit some scenic spots（风景区）every ____57___ and then. When you ___58___ to your studies, your mind will be refreshed and you’ll learn the most. Endless hours of nodding over your books are ___59___ effective than shorter active study session（课时）.

Finally, be realistic. If you set ___60___ objects for yourself, you can only be disappointed in your progress. Psychologists（心理学家）have found ___61___learning tasks like this way: first, you make such great progress that you feel very happy. Then your language ability ___62____ the same: you believe you are not learning anything at all and you feel ___63____. This period can last for days ____64___ even weeks, but you must not ____65___. At some point your language will again take ___66___ big jump and you’ll see that you really have been learning ___67___.

Perhaps we can say that learning English is like taking Chinese medicine whose effects come slowly but ____68___. Don’t give up halfway.

Anybody in our class is _________ of working out the puzzle in ten minutes.

A. likely                      B. probable                   C. capable                    D. unable

You never eat different kinds of food and _______ you lack something needed for normal health.

A. as a result of                  B. as a result                 C. as usual                   D. as a rule

He lived _______ in a/an ________ house on the island, but he didn’t feel _______.

A. alone, alone, lonely                                      B. lonely, lonely, alone

C. alone, lonely, lonely                                     D. lonely, alone, alone