“Without the fog, London wouldn’t be a beautiful city,” the French painter Claude Monet wrote to his wife, Alice, during one of his long visits to England from France. Few Londoners would have agreed with his statement at the time, when the city was choked by the smog of the Industrial Revolution, but no one argues with the beauty of the colorful skies he began painting there between 1899 and 1901. Pollution has never looked quite as attractive as when seen through Monet’s eyes.

Now there is evidence that Monet’s images of London were not only Impressionist creations, but a result of highly accurate observation.According to a paper published by two environmental scientists, the paintings may “provide useful information in the analysis of the London fogs and air quality during this period”―a period before pollution levels were routinely recorded.

In their study, Jacob Baker and John E. Thomas of the University of Birmingham analyzed the position of the sun in 9 of the 19 paintings in Monet’s “House of Parliament” series.There was “a perfect correlation(吻合)”, Thomas says, between the solar positions in the images, the actual solar positions from astronomical records and the dates on which Monet began the works. “We believe,” Thomas says, “that we can basically work out how much smoke would have to be in the air to create that visibility and those colors in, say, February 1900 through the images.”

Some art historians doubt the London paintings hold this much documentary evidence, pointing out the Monet continued to work on many of the images after he returned to his studio in Giverny, France.They also argue that there’s no question that Monet was astonishingly realistic to what lay in front of him, but at the same time, for example, he had a penchant for pinks.He always was trying to put pinks into pictures throughout his career.

Thomas admits that “it’s still just a hypothesis (假设)” but maintains that “we’re fairly optimistic that we’ll get something out of it”

 

72.The underlined word “penchant” in the fourth paragraph may mean      

       A.unnatural hatred(恨)                             B.strong liking

       C.deep understanding                              D.wide use

73.We may infer from the passage that       

       A.modern people have known what caused the fog in London through early record

       B.most painters were attracted and inspired by the fog of London

       C.many citizens were once proud of their mysterious and beautiful foggy air

       D.London used to suffer a lot from the Industrial Revolution

74.About Monet’s paintings, which of the following statements is true?

       A.They are not so popular and attractive today because too many still exist.

       B.They are full of the painters’ imagination rather than realistic drawings.

       C.Many of the paintings by Monet are colored pink.

       D.They have recorded the London fogs and air quality by the painter routinely.

75.According to the passage, the study of Jacob Baker and John E.Thomas has        

       A.been questioned by some art historians

       B.found the answer to what contributed to the foggy air in London

       C.provided enough evidence to carry out more research

       D.attracted great attention from many scientists

 

    Dickson Despommier, a public health professor at Columbia University in New York City developed an idea with his students nine years ago. They imagined people in cities growing crops inside a tall building. Tomatoes could grow on one floor of the skyscraper(摩天大楼), potatoes on the next, small animals and fish on the floor above.

This vertical(垂直的) farm, or "farmscraper", could have space for restaurants and other places that serve food, like schools or hospitals. They could serve foods that are truly locally grown.

But why would anyone want to build a farm indoors in a city? Dickson Despommier believes it will become necessary. The world needs to find places to produce enough food to feed the growing population. Space, he says, is an all-important issue.

The professor also points to the problems of traditional farms. They use a lot of freshwater. Their fertilizer and animal waste can pollute water resources. And their growing seasons can be limited.

But inside the vertical farm, crops could grow all year. And there would be no wind to blow away soil. Farmers would not have to worry about too much or too little rain, or about hot summers, freezing winters or insects. And without insects there would be no need for chemicals to kill them.

Farm machines that .use fossil fuels, like tractors, would not be needed either. And water could be recycled for drinking. "The vertical farm reuses everything, so there is no waste," says Professor Despommier.

Even buildings could be saved. Old buildings could become new farms and provide jobs.

The professor has been actively proposing the idea to cities as far away as Dubai and Canada. But so far it exists only in plans and drawings, and a model at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago.

Critics say building a farmscraper would cost too much, especially considering the price of land in many cities. Dickson Despommier estimates the cost at about twenty to thirty million dollars.

But he says the building would not have to be very tall. And his graduate students have found many empty lots and unused buildings in New York City that could provide space.

 

68.According to the passage the purpose of proposing the idea of a farm scraper is to      .

       A.find places to produce enough food            

       B.serve food that are truly locally grown

       C.prevent polluting the limited land          

       D.save fresh water

69.Which is one of the advantages of a farm scraper?

       A.It costs less.                                      B.It saves labor power.

       C.It consumes too much energy             D.It is more environmentally friendly.

70.Those against the idea of farm scrapers argue that          .

     A.it uses too much land in cities              B.it costs too much to build one

     C.it causes people to lose their jobs         D.it exists only in unrealistic plans

71.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

     A.A vertical farm has been built in Chicago.

     B.Old buildings could be changed into new farms.

     C.Traditional farms use less water but pollute more water

     D.There are some vertical farms being put into use in Canada.

Yellowstone Weather

Yellowstone National Park is at high altitude (海拔). Most of the park is above 7,500 feet (2,275 meters).

Yellowstone’s weather is unpredictable. In summer, it may be warm and sunny with temperatures in the high 70s. At night in any given month, the temperature may drop close to freezing. So it is best to come prepared for cold evenings and mornings, especially if you are camping or hiking. When you leave your campsite, please leave it prepared for possible thundershowers and wind.

A sunny warm day may become fiercely stormy with wind, rain, sleet and sometimes snow. Without enough clothing, an easy day hike or boat trip can turn into a battle for survival.

Seasonal Weather Information

Spring

Cold and snow continue into May, although temperatures gradually climb.Early in spring, daytime temperatures average in the 40s to 50s; by late May and June, they may reach the 60s and 70s. Nighttime lows fall below freezing.

Summer

Daytime temperatures are usually in the 70s, occasionally reaching the 80s in the lower elevations (高度). Nights are cool, temperatures may drop in the 40s and 30s--sometimes even the 20s. June can be cool and rainy; July and August tend to be somewhat drier, although afternoon thundershowers are common.

Fall

Weather can be pleasant, although temperatures average 10--20 degrees lower than summer readings. Nighttime lows can fall into the  teens and lower. Snowstorms increase in frequency as the weeks go by or towards the end of the fall season.

Winter

Temperatures often stay near zero throughout the day, occasionally reaching high in the 20s. Suhzero nighttime lows are common. Annual snowfall averages nearly 150 inches in most of the park. At higher places, 200-- 400 inches of snow have been recorded.

 

64.The author writes this passage most probably for those who plan to ________ in Yellowstone National Park.

     A.do research work                          B.take a business trip

     C.have sports games                         D.spend their holidays or take a tour

65.Which of the following best describes Yellowstone’s weather?

    A.Yellowstone’s weather is generally changeable and it snows most of the year.

    B.It’s neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter.

    C.Weather in fall is pleasant and temperatures never fall below freezing.

    D.It’s pretty warm in the day and very cool at night throughout the year.

66.If you are planning to spend your holidays in Yellowstone National Park in summer, what should you take with you?

     A.Just some light clothing such as T-shirts or skirts.

     B.Just some warm clothing such as sweaters and coats.

     C.Both light clothing and warm clothing.     

     D.Either light clothing or warm clothing.

67.What does the underlined word "readings" refer to?

A.literature works                               B.books 

C.announcements                               D.figures

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