They are good friends. ______ is no wonder that they know each other so well.

  A. This  B. There  C. It  D. That

It’s difficult for doctors to help a person with a hurt brain.  36  enough blood, the brain can live only three to five minutes. Usually doctors can’t fix the hurt  37  such a short time.

Dr Robert White thinks he knows a  38  of help. He thinks doctors should make the hurt brain  39  to live for 30 minutes without blood. This gives the doctor  40  time to do something for the brain. Dr White experimented his  41  on fifteen monkeys.  42  he taught them to do different jobs. Then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood go  43  a machine. When the brains’  44  was 10℃, he stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes, he turned the blood back on. He  45  the blood again. After their operations, the monkeys were almost  46  before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the job the doctor  47  them.

Dr White’s idea works well on monkeys. He thinks it will work on  48 . He think it will help with heart problems. A person  49  die when his heart stops; doctors can  50  it again. The problem comes: when the brain is without blood for about 5 minutes, it  51 . If doctors start the heart again after 5 minutes, the person has  52  body but a dead brain. Maybe in the future, doctors will  53  Dr White’s idea. When the person’s heart stops the doctor will  54  cool the brain. They will have 30 minutes to start the heart again. Maybe there will be no  55  the brain.

A. Don’t have   B. Without      C. Having not           D. Only with

A. for            B. after    C. in                   D. since

A. way            B. brain            C. doctor       D. man

A. too cool        B. enough cool      C. cool enough  D. that cool

A. a longer       B. enough           C. a shorter    D. another

A. medicine        B. manners          C. idea         D. brain

A. Besides         B. Instead          C. However      D. First

A. to                 B. across       C. through      D. onto

A. heat            B. temperature      C. coolness     D. feeling

A. cooled             B. operated     C. warmed       D. stopped

A. the same as    B. different from  C. used to      D. cleverer than

A. was taught         B. was teaching  C. was to teach D. had taught

A. other people    B. human beings     C. other things  D. more people

A. doesn’t have to  B. needn’t  C. will be able to  D. is afraid to

A. start           B. take                 C. make     D. begin

A. loses              B. goes             C. kills           D. dies

A. no              B. a dead           C. a living         D. a lively

A. get             B. accept           C. keep             D. try

A. soon            B. quickly          C. slowly           D. rapid

A. use for        B. wrong with       C. value to     D. problem with

Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions(伤口) in a patient’s body in order to gain access to the internal organs. It was once common for heart surgeons, who perform highly specialized and complex procedures, to make long incisions in a patient’s chest and then split the breastbone to reach the heart. Patients who undergo surgery are often at the risk of infection, as bacteria can infect the cut in the skin. In addition, there is often a lengthy recovery period.

A surgical technique known as “keyhole surgery” has become more common in recent years. In general, the surgeon will make a couple of small incisions around the area where the operation is going to be performed. Tubes are pushed into the holes, and a tiny camera, which is called an endoscope, is put into the body. The camera is attached to a large monitor screen that is positioned so that the doctor can see it while he performs the operation. In addition to the camera, doctors also push their tiny surgical instruments through the tubes. The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say, if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left, he or she must push it to the right.

Other advancements in technology are also being used today in the OR (operation room). A new machine called the “da Vinci Surgical System” has been tested in hospitals in the U.S.. Unlike keyhole surgery, the da Vinci’s robot’s moving parts are designed to imitate the natural hand and wrist movement of a surgeon, thus providing better control and sensitivity. The system is controlled by a surgeon from a console(控制台). Sitting at a console a few feet from the patient, the surgeon can perform an operation by holding and moving highly sensitive pads that enable him or her to control the instruments. The area of the body on which the surgeon is working is enlarged on a screen, which is attached to the console. This gives surgeons a realistic three-dimensional view of the area — similar to what they would see during a traditional surgical procedure.

Although the da Vinci Surgical System is undergoing some trials for some procedures, it has been welcomed as revolutionary by many surgeons. Patients with serious illnesses must still undergo major surgery, but the smaller incisions and less invasive procedures typically mean that a shorter recovery time is needed. In some cases, the patient’s stay in the hospital has been cut in half when the da Vinci Surgical System was used. On the downside, some operations have taken up to fifty minutes longer because surgeons are inexperienced at using the new technology. As surgeons become more familiar with the machines, the time needed for surgical procedures is likely to decrease.

What can be learned about the traditional surgery according to the passage?

A. The cost of the traditional surgery is very high.

B. It often leaves a large wound in a person’s body.

C. Long incisions are made in a patient’s chest.

D. The incision is often infected after the operation.

Which of the following is one DISADVANTAGE of keyhole surgery?

A. It requires the use of long, thin tools and a tiny camera.

B. The doctor can not view the inside of the patient’s body clearly.

C. The direction in which a doctor moves the surgical tools is reversed.

D. An endoscope has to be inserted into the patient’s body in advance.

The da Vinci Surgical System differs from keyhole surgery in that _______.

A. requires that a surgeon make more small incisions on a patient

B. reduces the amount of time it takes to perform a surgical procedure

C. allows the surgeon to use the surgical instruments more sensitively

D. eliminates the need for surgeons to make large incisions on patients

The passage mainly tells the reader ________.

A. the challenges brought about by new technology

B. the benefits and drawbacks of the da Vinci Surgical System

C. the reflections on the development in medical science

D. the application of new technologies in modern surgery

St. Louis has replaced Camden, New Jersey ______ the most dangerous US city, according to a study based on FBI crime data which was released Monday.

    A. for              B. to                   C. as               D. with

—Your spoken English is so good. Have you been abroad?

—Yes. I     in London for two years.

    A．have stayed  B．stayed   C．had stayed   D．have been staying

Everything comes with       price;there is no such    thing as free lunch in  the world.

A.a,a      B. the, /       C. the,  /     D.a, /

The president promised to keep all the board members _________ of how the negotiations were going on.

A. inform          B. informing        C. be informed        D. informed   

At first he refused to admit he had stolen but when he was shown the videotape he ______ and admitted everything.

       A. broke down            B. broke away           C. broke up           D. broke in

As a music teacher for twenty-seven years, I have always known that music touches the soul. It can break through all kinds of barriers to reach students in a very special way. It can be the means for each child to find their light.

A few years ago, I was blessed with the opportunity to teach pre-school students one afternoon a week. One of my most memorable students was Vanessa. She was five years old, had difficulty walking, and could not speak. We mostly sat on the floor for our music lessons and Vanessa liked to sit on my lap. One of her favorite songs was John the Rabbit. It was a call and response song where I sang the call and the students clapped two times while singing the repeating phrase, “Oh, yes!” Vanessa liked to put her hands together with mine and clap with me. We performed that song during every class, Vanessa and I clapping together. She never said or sang a word.

One day late in the school year, when the song was finished, Vanessa turned around, looked me in the eye, clapped her tiny hands two times and said the words “Oh, yes!” I opened my mouth and could not speak. Through music, we had made a connection.

Several years later, I came across Vanessa on the street in town. I stopped my car and waved to say hello. She waved back with a big smile on her face and then clapped her hands two times, mimicking(模仿) the song we had performed in our music class. This precious little girl, through her connection with music, left an impression on me that will last forever.

Every child has the ability to learn and grow. It is up to us educators to discover the way to reach each and every one of our students. We all must find each child’s light.

The author thinks music ________.

   A. can make children calm down                  B. can connect heart to heart

C. is difficult for pre-school students           D. is a good means to find a job

According to the second paragraph, Vanessa ________.

A. got used to singing songs                       B. was too shy to speak

C. was the youngest in the class                  D. enjoyed the author’s classes

When Vanessa spoke the words “Oh, yes!”, the author felt ________.

   A. surprised                    B. happy               C. frightened         D. satisfied

What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?

   A. The author has been in touch with Vanessa for several years.

B. Vanessa became as healthy as other children.

C. The song made a deep impression on Vanessa.

D. Being a good educator became Vanessa’s dream.  [

Birds don’t need lessons in building nests. Fish don’t need coaching to learn how to swim. All animals have instincts. They’re born with natural abilities to do certain things. Wild animals also learn by copying their parents and practicing. And pets learn through training.

But instincts and training aren’t the only keys to animals’ behavior. Scientists say animals’ thoughts and feelings also influence their actions. Animals often make choices, plans, and sensible changes. They can help others and solve problems. Some even make and use tools!

If animals could talk, what would they say about their thoughts and feelings? A gorilla (大猩猩) born in captivity (关在笼子里) has helped answer that question. Koko, a gorilla, was taught to use sign language. She has learned hundreds of words!

Koko once had a pet cat she named All Ball. “Koko love Ball,” she signed. “Soft good cat.” One time, she blamed the cat for biting her by signing “You bad dirty toilet!” When her pet died, Koko cried. “Sad for sleeping cat,” she signed.

Koko calls herself “fine animal gorilla”. She uses sign language to argue, joke, and ask and answer questions.

“Most animals can’t use words to tell us their thoughts,” says Dr. Jonathan Balcombe. “But Koko shows us that animals have their own ideas and feelings.” Dr. Balcombe is a scientist at the Humane Society of the United States. He says there’s even more to discover about animals through field studies. In field studies, people watch animals in their natural environment.

“Scientists who study animals’ natural behaviors learn how animals live and think,” Balcombe says. “That knowledge can help others respect every animal who shares the planet with us.”

The underlined word “instincts” in Paragraph 1 probably refers to the ability that ________.

A. animals copy their parents B. animals learn by practicing

C. animals are born with       D. animals learn through training

The example of Koko shows that ________.

A. an animal likes to have its own pet    B. an animal can learn to speak through training

C. an animal has the natural ability to speak   D. an animal can speak its mind

According to Balcombe, learning how animals live and think can ________.

A. help people care for animals                   B. teach animals to use words

C. train animals to use tools                        D. train animals to be cleverer

What might be the best title for the passage?

A. Raising animals as pets                          B. Understanding animals

C. Training animals to speak  D. Protecting animals from danger